Irreversible Movement Research Articles

A Case Report of Lurasidone-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: Therapeutic Role of Valbenazine

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a complex, potentially irreversible movement disorder primarily associated with the long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly typical neuroleptic drugs. TD can develop during treatment and persist long after the discontinuation of the culprit medication. The etiology of this condition involves dysregulation of dopaminergic signalling, especially within the striatum, leading to activation of D2 dopamine receptors. This imbalance affects the homeostasis of neurotransmitters, including GABA and Glu. Chronic dopamine receptor antagonism incites neuroadaptive alterations that may linger post-therapy, resulting in abnormal involuntary movements affecting the orofacial regions, limbs, and trunk, which profoundly diminish patient quality of life. Case: A 29-year-old female with a known history of schizophrenia presented with sudden-onset neurological symptoms, notably persistent orofacial dyskinesias such as lip smacking and grimacing, which had developed over a 24-hour period. A thorough review of her medications indicated that lurasidone, classified as an atypical antipsychotic, was likely responsible for the onset of these dyskinetic movement features. Consequently, the physician opted to discontinue lurasidone and initiate valbenazine at 40 mg once daily with the intent of managing the dyskinetic symptoms while considering the overall psychiatric and medical treatment plan for the patient. Conclusion: The emergence of orofacial dyskinesias in this patient suggests a possible adverse reaction to lurasidone, necessitating re-evaluation of her psychopharmacological regimen. Valbenazine, a selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor, may provide a tailored approach to mitigate dyskinetic movements, while maintaining therapeutic efficacy in psychiatric care.

Thermal Oxidative Aging and Service Life Prediction of Commercial Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Spacer Damping Composites for High-Voltage Transmission Lines.

The aging behavior and life prediction of rubber composites are crucial for ensuring high-voltage transmission line safety. In this study, commercially available ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) spacer composites were chosen and investigated to elucidate the structure and performance changes under various aging conditions. The results showed an increased C=O peak intensity with increasing aging time, suggesting intensified oxidation of ethylene and propylene units. Furthermore, the surface morphology of commercial EPDM composites displayed increased roughness and aggregation after aging. Furthermore, hardness, modulus at 100% elongation, and tensile strength of commercial EPDM composites exhibited a general increase, while elongation at break decreased. Additionally, the damping performance decreased significantly after aging, with a 20.6% reduction in loss factor (20 °C) after aging at 100 °C for 672 h. With increasing aging time and temperature, the compression set gradually rose due to the irreversible movement of the rubber chains under stress. A life prediction model was developed based on a compression set to estimate the lifetime of rubber composites for spacer bars. The results showed that the product's life was 8.4 years at 20 °C. Therefore, the establishment of a life prediction model for rubber composites can provide valuable technical support for spacer product services.

Michel Serres’s Le parasite: the noise of the world at work

ABSTRACT A universal irreversible movement, a single downward-pointing arrow gives rise to a second movement, parasitic upon the first but pointing in the opposite direction, towards an ever greater diversity and degree of organisation. This definition of the parasite is illustrated in the paradoxical relation between entropy and evolution. Starting from references scattered throughout the text, this article aims to elucidate and reconstruct the ‘fundamental thesis’ of Le parasite which grows out of Serres’s intimate knowledge of nineteenth-century science and in particular thermodynamics, which is the starting-point of his theory of ‘noise’ affecting all transfers of energy or meaning.

Pelatihan Senam Bugar Muhamamdiyah bagi Guru dan Siswa Sekolah Muhamamdiyah di Kota/Kab Sukabumi

Senam Bugar Muhamamdiyah Socialization and Training is a training and outreach activity regarding Senam Bugar Muhamamdiyah which can be used as one of the physical activities to improve the degree of physical fitness of students in Muhammadiyah schools and the Muhammadiyah community. This fitness exercise involves all ages and has irreversible movements, so it can be done together. The activity locations were in several Muhammadiyah schools, namely MI Muhammadiyah Cipetir with 287 students and 14 teachers, MTs Muhammadiyah Cipoho 27 students, SMA Muhammadiyah Sukabumi City with 37 students and in Kp. Cigrass Ds. Sela Awi kec. There were 40 people in Sukaraja, Sukabumi Regency, bringing the total activity participants to 405 participants. Activities carried out for 6 months with meetings once a week. Schedule of activities attached. The achievement of the success of the training was 65% of the participants had memorized the Muhamamdoyah fitness movement and the rest had not memorized it well. We can say that the activity went quite well. There were several factors that hindered the implementation of socialization and training including limited time at school which was cut short by the Ramadan holidays and Eid al-Fitr holidays so that it had quite an effect on the results of the Senam Bugar Muhamamdiyah training because participants were cut off for training and when the exercises started again, the participants forgot again with the movements so they had to start over from the beginning in providing training, the characteristics of students who were still difficult to instruct and students' interest in gymnastic activities were still lacking. However, the supporting factors include adequate facilities and infrastructure, teacher participation, and conducive school support.

Development of a method for clusterization of the dissipative structures

The dissipative structure (DS) may follow irreversible processes, which occur in the open thermodynamic systems passing and transforming a sufficiently intensive flow of energy. DS can be detected as certain patterns of spontaneous organization in space and time. We consider the DS, which transposes during irreversible ground movement due to landslide or ground pressure manifestation. However, DSs may hide under stochastic noise that impedes their detection. We developed a new method for revealing of DSs in such a stochastic environment using a combination of k-mean clustering, Voronyi tessellation, and the optimal schedule of ground movement monitoring. The developed method has been successfully tested in the case of the irreversible ground movement in the vicinity of a longwall face.

Treatment of tardive dyskinesias with vitamin E: A case series

IntroductionTardive dyskinesia is usually persistent, irreversible involuntary movement of the tongue, lips, face, trunk and extremities in patients taking long-term dopaminergic antagonist drugs. Although it is mostly associated with the use of neuroleptics, cases of tardive dyskinesia existed before the discovery of these agents. Patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are particularly at risk for tardive dyskinesia because they are exposed to neuroleptics and anticholinergic agents for longer periods than healthy individuals. Free radicals are thought to be probably involved in the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant, and it is thought to be effective in the treatment of antipsychotic-associated tardive dyskinesia, as it has a cytotoxic free radical-binding effect.ObjectivesIn this poster presentation, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical results of the treatment of tardive dyskinesia with high-dose vitamin E in four inpatients with serious mental illness and long-term antipsychotic use. In addition, the treatment of tardive dyskinesia will be discussed in the light of current literature data.MethodsIn the case report, there are three patients with schizophrenia and one with mild mental retardation. They were treated with 1600 IU of vitamin E per day. The patients continued their vitamin E treatment for 90 days. The severity of tardive dyskinesia of the patients was measured by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS).ResultsAt the end of the 90 day treatment, the AIMS measurements of the subjects decreased 72,7%, 73,3%, 72,2% and 80% respectively.Image:ConclusionsIn our clinic, we observed that patients using long-term typical antipsychotics were prescribed antipsychotics in unindicated situations or in high doses, patients with high risk for tardive dyskinesia were not taken into consideration when planning treatment, and we encountered cases of tardive dyskinesia despite the widespread use of atypical antipsychotic drugs in hospitalized patients. The use of benzodiazepines is restricted especially in elderly individuals due to their side effects and the risk of addiction in long-term use. Although the clinical importance of vitamin E is unknown, it is preferred because it can be used with a low risk of side effects, considering that it can prolong bleeding time. Although the results of a review of tardive dyskinesia treatment do not suggest that vitamin E reliably improves tardive dyskinesia symptoms, our experience shows that patients benefit from vitamin E treatment. In this regard, there is a need for studies that will be conducted with a large sample and compare the effectiveness of vitamin E with the treatments known to be effective in tardive dyskinesia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a delayed, often irreversible iatrogenic movement disorder caused by long-term use of that dopamine receptors blocking drugs. Prevention of TD is paramount, and clinicians should follow best practice recommendations for prescribing antipsychotics, as well as reduction the using of dopamine receptor blocking drugs for non-psychiatric prescriptions. Replacement of antipsychotics with lower affinity for D2 receptors drugs, addition of VMAT2 (tetrabenazine), botulinum therapy, amantadine may be effective. In detection and incurable cases, the possibility of neuromodulation of brain structures should be considered. Most methods for testing TD currently have an insufficient level of evidence, although they include recommendations from professional communities. There is a great need for new clinical trials.

Attenuation of magnetomechanical hysteresis effect by excessively annealing Fe-16Cr-2.5 ∼ 3.5Mo damping alloys

Ferromagnetic Fe-Cr alloys can be used to reduce unwanted noise and vibrations because of their high damping capacity which is attributed to the irreversible magnetic domain-wall movement. However, excessive annealing usually causes an obvious drop of damping capacity of the alloys. In the present study, the magnetomechanical hysteresis effect (MMHE) is investigated by measuring magnetostriction coefficients of the annealed Fe-16Cr-2.5 ∼ 3.5Mo alloys. It is found that the annealing more than 1 h at 900℃ causes the attenuation of MMHE. The higher Mo concentration restrains the MMHE attenuation and the damping decline due to the MMHE attenuation. The research could help us to better understand the alloying role in the damping mechanism of Fe-Cr based alloys.

Relation between the Fatigue and Fracture Ductile-Brittle Transition in S500 Welded Steel Joints

The formation and propagation of cracks occur through irreversible dislocation movements at notches, material defects, and grain boundaries. Since this process is partly thermally controlled, the resistance to dislocation movements at low temperatures increases. This slows both fatigue initiation and fatigue crack propagation. From recent experimental data, it can be seen that fatigue crack growth is accelerated below the fatigue transition temperature (FTT) that correlates with the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) found by well-known fracture mechanics tests, i.e., Charpy impact, fracture toughness, and CTOD. Hence, this study investigates the relation between FTT and DBTT in S500 high-strength steel base material and welded joints at low temperatures using fatigue crack growth, fracture toughness tests as well as scanning electron microscopy. From the tests, an almost constant decrease in fatigue crack propagation rate is determined with decreasing test temperature even below the DBTT. At −100 °C, the fatigue crack propagation rate is about half of the rate observed at room temperature for both base material and weld metal.

Timing, volume and precursory indicators of rock‐ and cliff fall on a permafrost mountain ridge (Mattertal, Switzerland)

AbstractHigh mountain environments are increasingly affected by rockfall‐related hazards, driven by climate change. Studying rockfall in these environments is, however, challenging due to the inaccessibility of mountain ridges and the complex interaction between controlling factors. In this study, the rock wall of Grosse Grabe North Pillar in the Matter valley (Western Swiss Alps) was studied in detail over a timespan of 4 years (2017–2021). Data was collected from time‐lapse photography, terrestrial laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry and seismic measurements. The presented dataset is unique because data collection started before the onset of the rock wall destabilization, allowing us to understand precursory indicators of large‐scale events. In total, we recorded 382 rock‐ and cliff fall events (100–31 300 m3), with a total volume of 204 323 ± 8173 m3, resulting in a scar depth of ~40 m. An associated rock wall retreat rate of 71.2 ± 2.8 mm year−1 was calculated for the 1991–2021 period. Highly fractured south‐exposed gneiss lithology is viewed as the main predisposition for the observed rock‐ and cliff fall events, allowing high‐temperature oscillations to cause irreversible movements at fracture level. Cliff falls (104–106 m3) were preluded by an outward movement of the rock wall that started to increase 1.5 years before any significant collapse of the rock wall, reaching locally up to 30 cm. All cliff fall events occurred in summer, exposing ice in the clefts. This is assumed to be the base of the permafrost from the north side. Rapid permafrost degradation is viewed as a triggering factor after its exposure, causing progressive failure of the rock wall, leading to very high rock wall retreat rates on a decadal timescale.

Ultra-high anisotropic magneto-mechanical damping in Fe-18at.%Ga single crystals

An ultra-high anisotropic magneto-mechanical hysteresis-type damping (MMHD) with temperature and frequency insensitivity was found in Fe-18at.%Ga single crystals. The [111]-orientated Fe-Ga single crystal exhibits a damping value up to 0.13 (Q−1, equivalent to a special damping capacity SDC of 0.82) in the wide temperature range of −100–150 °C, much higher than that of the conventional ferromagnetic high damping alloys (Fe-Cr/Al based alloys). For the [001]-orientated single crystal however, the MMHD value is almost zero despite the large magnetostrictive coefficient along [001] direction. Through magnetic domain analysis, it is demonstrated that MMHD originates from the stress-induced irreversible movement of 90° domain walls. The MMHD of Fe-Ga single crystals depends positively on the orientation factor, and the ultra-high relaxation strength is closely related to the magnetostriction in the [001] direction and the tetragonal magnetoelastic coupling constant.

Robotic Total Station Monitoring in High Alpine Paraglacial Environments: Challenges and Solutions from the Great Aletsch Region (Valais, Switzerland)

Investigating surface displacements in high alpine environments is often subject to challenges due to the difficult accessibility or harsh climatic conditions. Measurement systems have improved greatly in recent years regarding accuracy, range, or energy consumption. Continuously receiving high-precision, real-time monitoring data from a remote location can still support a better understanding of slope dynamics and risk. We present the design, construction, operation, and performance of a complex surface displacement monitoring system installed in the surroundings of the Great Aletsch Glacier in the Swiss Alps, based on two robotic total stations to continuously measure 3D displacements with high accuracies. In addition, GNSS stations are also considered in order to pass from a local to a geographic reference system, as well as to improve the measurement accuracy. The monitoring network is aimed at studying several types of deformation processes, i.e., (i) gravitationally driven and irreversible rockslide movements around the tongue of the Great Aletsch Glacier, (ii) reversible rock slope deformations caused by annual cycles of groundwater recharge and depletion, and (iii) small irreversible deformations of stable rock slopes resulting from progressive rock damage driven by glacier retreat and cyclic hydraulic and thermal loading. We describe the technical details of the monitoring system, which has been in operation successfully for 6 years, and discuss the system performance in terms of its robustness and accuracy.

Magnetic domain reversal induced by thermal activation in SmCo alloy

The SmCo alloys are widely used in the field of precision instruments and high temperatures due to their excellent temperature stability. At present, the effect of high temperature on the domain structure of SmCo alloy lacks sufficient study. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the magnetic domain of type 2:17 SmCo alloy was investigated by domain structure observation and micromagnetic simulation. After heating at 240 ℃ and 300 ℃, the reverse domains could be observed on the surface of the magnet, and the domains nucleated at the center region of the grains and then expanded into maze domains. The in-situ heating test using Lorentz electron microscope confirms, from a microscopic point of view that thermal activation causes irreversible movement of the walls of the domains. It was found by the comparison between batch heating tests and continuous heating tests that part of the inverted domains are unstable during the cooling from high temperature down to room temperature, and the micromagnetic simulation results verified that without the temperature field and magnetic field, the unstable inverted domains would disappear under the influence of the interaction, and the domains pinned by the phase boundary will be stably retained. The micromagnetic simulation results reveal that the nucleation sites of the reverse domains in the SmCo alloy are at the intersection of the 2:17R phase and Zr-rich phase, which is due to the lower pinning field of the Zr-rich phase.

Unusual dynamic susceptibility arising from soft ferromagnetic domains in MnBi8Te13 and Sb-doped MnBiTe (n = 2, 3)

MnBiTe (MBT) is the first intrinsic magnetic topological insulator and is promising to host emergent phenomena such as quantum anomalous Hall effect. They can be made ferromagnetic by having or with Sb doping. We studied the magnetic dynamics in a few selected ferromagnetic (FM) MBT compounds, including MnBi8Te13 and Sb doped MnBiTe ( using AC susceptibility and magneto-optical imaging. Slow relaxation behavior is observed in all three compounds, suggesting its universality among FM MBT. We attribute the origin of the relaxation behavior to the irreversible domain movements since they only appear below the saturation fields when ferromagnetic domains form. The very soft ferromagnetic domain nature is revealed by the low-field fine-structured domains and high-field sea-urchin-shaped remanent-state domains imaged via our magneto-optical measurements. Finally, we ascribe the rare ‘double-peak’ behavior observed in the AC susceptibility under small DC bias fields to the very soft ferromagnetic domain formations.

Development of highly sensitive MI element by controlling anisotropy and noise analysis of MI element

In order to further improve noise performance and achieve higher sensitivity, we have investigated a highly sensitive MI element by controlling anisotropy, and have analyzed noise components of a MI sensor by using a femto-tesla MI sensor system with a synchronized peak-to-peak detector. According to the results, sensitivity of a MI element decreases when tension increases. Meanwhile, sensitivity of a MI element is also linearly proportional to the ratio of impedance change and anisotropy field (∆Z/Hk). The theoretical model shows the same effect as measurement results. Furthermore, the noise of a MI sensor is considered to be mainly due to circuit noise, fluctuation of wire magnetic moment (thermal magnetic noise), and irreversible movement of a domain wall trapped by impurities and scratches on a wire surface (Barkhausen noise). The lowest thermal magnetic noise of amorphous wire calculated in our study is approximately 60 fT. Meanwhile, thermal magnetic noise and magnetic noise due to irreversible movement of a domain wall have been demonstrated as a function of the magnetic anisotropy.

Quebec pay equity law in light of feminist theories

Since its entry into force, the Pay Equity Act has mobilized time and resources and continues to do so for all stakeholders in the labor market, including the Quebec administration. Practice, experience and results today make it possible to take a clear look at the progress made which places pay equity in an irreversible movement, but also on the road that remains to be done and the means to take to achieve and maintain pay equity for women in Quebec. Thus, even in unionized circles, among the largest private companies, and even within the Quebec public service, salary adjustments had to be made at the end of the pay equity exercises to tighten this residual salary range between men and women. These are all notable advances that highlight the effectiveness of groundbreaking, genuinely feminist legislation.

How to Evaluate Patients for Tardive Dyskinesia.

​​​​​​​​ Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious and potentially irreversible movement disorder that occurs in 20%-50% of patients taking antipsychotic drugs. TD is also associated with several other classes of medications, including antidepressants, antihistamines, decongestants, mood stabilizers, and stimulants. As more people are prescribed medications that can increase the risk for TD, it is important that clinicians learn how to systematically and reasonably evaluate their patients for this potentially dangerous and debilitating condition.

Selecting Treatment for Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia Using Safety and Efficacy Evidence.

​​ Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a condition of potentially irreversible abnormal involuntary movements associated with dopamine receptor blocking agents, such as antipsychotics. While prevention is the best strategy, it is not always possible. This report outlines strategies to reduce TD symptoms, including the use of the FDA-approved treatment options (valbenazine and deutetrabenazine).

Antipsychotic Behavioral Phenotypes in the Mouse Collaborative Cross Recombinant Inbred Inter-Crosses (RIX).

Schizophrenia is an idiopathic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the human population, and presents with persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors. Antipsychotics are the standard pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, but are frequently discontinued by patients due to inefficacy and/or side effects. Chronic treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol causes tardive dyskinesia (TD), which manifests as involuntary and often irreversible orofacial movements in around 30% of patients. Mice treated with haloperidol develop many of the features of TD, including jaw tremors, tongue protrusions, and vacuous chewing movements (VCMs). In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred inter-cross (RIX) mice to elucidate the genetic basis of antipsychotic-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We performed a battery of behavioral tests in 840 mice from 73 RIX lines (derived from 62 CC strains) treated with haloperidol or placebo in order to monitor the development of ADRs. We used linear mixed models to test for strain and treatment effects. We observed highly significant strain effects for almost all behavioral measurements investigated (P < 0.001). Further, we observed strong strain-by-treatment interactions for most phenotypes, particularly for changes in distance traveled, vertical activity, and extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Estimates of overall heritability ranged from 0.21 (change in body weight) to 0.4 (VCMs and change in distance traveled) while the portion attributable to the interactions of treatment and strain ranged from 0.01 (for change in body weight) to 0.15 (for change in EPS). Interestingly, close to 30% of RIX mice exhibited VCMs, a sensitivity to haloperidol exposure, approximately similar to the rate of TD in humans chronically exposed to haloperidol. Understanding the genetic basis for the susceptibility to antipsychotic ADRs may be possible in mouse, and extrapolation to humans could lead to safer therapeutic approaches for schizophrenia.

Reversible privatisation. Conflict, bricolage, and the sale of common lands in the Spanish province of Navarre, 1808–1860

AbstractThe privatisation of communal assets tends to be presented as an irreversible linear movement that was driven from above. Based on a case study (Navarre, nineteenth century), this article seeks to give greater prominence to local players and their response to changing circumstances. The process thus appears less linear and compact by revealing certain anomalies, such as the reversibility of certain sales or the alienation of partial ownership rights that were compatible with the preservation of rights of use in favour of local councils and households, as an example of institutional bricolage. Against a backdrop of war and municipal bankruptcy, the privatisation of collective lands between 1808 and 1860 followed various paths, each one benefitting different social classes. Borrowers, outside investors and wealthy individuals accumulated large estates, but there was also a chance for peasants and local people to become property owners. The recovery of part of these lands on the back of social conflicts from 1884 onwards confirms that privatisation was not a fait accompli.