Irreversible Hydrocolloid Material Research Articles

Antimicrobial Efficiency of Hypochlorous Acid Incorporation and its Effect on Surface Properties of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Materials

Objective: Conventional approaches for disinfection, including spraying and immersion, resulted in only surface disinfection of impressions. As a result, self-disinfecting impression materials incorporated with antimicrobial compounds require more extensive studies. The incorporation of a disinfectant into irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials could eliminate the need for the disinfection step by conventional approaches, including spraying and immersion which only result in surface disinfection of impressions. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of incorporation of hypochlorous acid in irreversible hydrocolloid materials on antimicrobial efficiency, detail reproduction, and dimensional stability. Materials and Methods: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was used in two concentrations, 100 ppm and 200 ppm, and mixed with alginate powder to compare with the control group (distilled water mixed with alginate). Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosawere chosen for assessing the antimicrobial activity with the disk diffusion test. In addition, the dimensional stability and reproduction of details were tested. Results: The results revealed that both HOCl concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm imposed significant antimicrobial activity against all three tested microorganisms. There was no significant difference regarding reproduction of details, but the addition of the antimicrobial had a significant adverse effect on the alginate’s dimensional stability. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the incorporation of HOCL into irreversible hydrocolloid impression material resulted in an impression with antimicrobial activity. In addition, there was no effect on the impression materials ability to reproduce surface details, but the antimicrobial addition may affect its dimensional stability.

Comparative Study of Sex Estimation by Mesiodistal width of Mandibular Canine and Mesiodistal width of Maxillary Canine in North Indian Population

Abbreviations: MD: Mesiodistal, SD: Standard deviation, mm: millimetres. Introduction: Various methods of identification such as anthropometry, stature estimation, dactylography, sex estimation, age estimation, DNA analysis, differentiation by blood groups and odontology are used in forensic medicine to create biological profile of an unknown individual. Estimation of sex is the first step towards identification of person. Determination of sex from skeletal remains is an essential task in medicolegal examination.Teeth are highly indestructible and reveal minimal turnover of natural substance hence teeth can be used for sex estimation. Mesiodistal parameter of mandibular and maxillary canine gave evidence of sex estimation due to sexual dimorphism. Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the sex estimation by mesiodistal width of mandibular canine and mesiodistal width of maxillary canine in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal (MD) dimensions of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side is measure by caliper. Results: Mean mandibular canine width of both right and left sidewere higher in male than female and were statistically significant whereas, mean maxillary canine width of both right and left side were slightly higher in male than female but were not statistically significant in young north Indian population. Left mandibular canine width (6%) was more sexually dimorphic than right mandibular canine width (5.1%). Whereas negligible sexual dimorphism shown by maxillary canine. Conclusion: The study confirmed that among maxillary and mandibular canine, mandibular canine can be used for sex estimation and shows significant sexual dimorphism.

Comparative Study of Mandibular Canine Index and Maxillary Canine Index in Sex Estimation among North Indian Population

Introduction: Since teeth are easily approachable and each having different morphology, they form an excellent medicolegal and anthropological tool for sex estimation. Sexual dimorphism is difference in size and appearance among male and female teeth that can be applied for determination of sex. The basis of estimation of sex is comparing tooth parameters in male and female individual. Canine teeth shows highest sexual dimorphism among all teeth. Mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canine can be used for sex determination based on sexual dimorphism.Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the comparative sex estimation by mandibular canine index andmaxillary canine index in north Indian population.Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal dimensions and intercanine distance of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side was measured by caliper. Mandibular and maxillary canine index was calculated by formula given by Nageshwar Rao et al.Results: Data were summarized as Mean and SD. Groups (in Gender Male vs female) were compared by unpaired or independent Student’s t test. When the level of accuracy for sex determination was measured using canine index it was found that 65% males and 65.83% females were predicted correctly. When maxillary canine index was used the sex was correctly predicted in it was found that 40.83% females and 32.50% males were predicted correctly.Conclusion: Mandibular and maxillary canine index can be used for sex estimation in North Indian population but accuracy of mandibular canine index is better than maxillary canine index.

Assessment of maxillary anterior teeth using RED proportion and golden proportion among adult young Gujarati individuals

Comprehensive studies assessing the spatial examination of maxillary anterior teeth with respect to various esthetic proportions like RED proportion and Golden proportion are insufficient for Gujarati Individual.: The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED)Proportion and Golden proportion in maxillary anterior teeth among young adult Gujarati individual.: This clinical Evaluation study included a total of 70 Gujarati individuals that met the inclusion criteria having 40 females and 30 males. Dental casts of the maxillary arches for each individual were made with irreversible hydrocolloid material and dental stone was then poured to get the diagnostic casts. Using a digital caliper, dimensions and the perceived width of the anterior teeth from the front were assessed. The data was analyzed using SPSS. The RED proportion and Golden proportion were not in co-relation between perceived maxillary anterior teeth widths of Gujarati individuals. The Golden proportion and the RED proportion cannot be used as constant proportions to create a harmonious smile.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Novel Self Disinfectant Solution in Irreversible Hydrocolloid Impression Material - An Experimental Study.

Irreversible hydrocolloid materials are widely used for both diagnostic and definitive impression procedures. Impressions can be disinfected by immersion or spraying in any compatible disinfectant. Disinfectants should not adversely affect the dimensional stability of the impression and physical properties of impression material and subsequent dental cast. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a hypochlorous disinfectant solution mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid on setting time, antibacterial efficacy, and dimensional stability. Three groups were made with one control group and three alginate impression was made for each participants in the maxillary arch with 24-hours intervals between one another using the same brand of commercially available chromatic alginate. The working and setting time were noted. Bacterial swabs were collected using a dry sterile cotton swab in the mid palatal region. Dental casts were made using type III gypsum. The working and setting time had significant differences whereas the dimension among the cast has no significant difference. Microbial growth analysis had distinct differences among the groups. The self disinfection method using a pioneer solution of hypochlorous HOCl (100 ppm) to mix the alginate impression material rather than the water with the same powder-liquid ratio prescribed by the manufacturer had the same dimensional stability with improved antimicrobial action.

A technique to facilitate impressions in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

Accurate irreversible hydrocolloid impressions are difficult to obtain in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Although various studies have validated the use of irreversible hydrocolloid material for routine impression-making, the undercuts created by the fixed appliances trap the impression material, resulting in deformation1 or dislodgement of the impression from the tray and sometimes even debonding of the brackets.2 Materials including beading wax, masking tape,3 and silicone putty4 have been proposed for covering the brackets and archwires to increase the accuracy of impressions.

Evaluation of sexual dimorphism in the permanent dentition by maxillary first molar

Background: The present study was conducted for assessing Sexual Dimorphism in the Permanent Dentition by maxillary first molar. Materials & methods: 20 subjects were analysed among which 10 were males while the remaining 10 were females. All the subjects belonged to the age range of 18 to 28 years. Only those subjects were enrolled who reported for orthodontic treatment and had fully erupted maxillary and mandibular first molars. The subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to impression making of the maxillary arch with irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured immediately in type II dental stone to minimize dimensional change. Measurement of buccolingual (BL) and mesiodistal (MD) width of the maxillary first molar (16) was done by vernier calliper both intra-orally and on study casts. Results: Statistically maxillary permanent first molars showed the nonsignificant difference; thus, they are a better predictor for gender dimorphism. Conclusion: The permanent maxillary first molars is suggestive of a better predictor of sexual dimorphism.

Effect of Temperature on the Dimensional Accuracy of Irreversible Hydrocolloid Material at Different Storage Time Intervals

Aims: In this competitive arena, dentists are inevitably searching for dimensionally more stable and accurate material to produce precise, effective prosthesis. Amongst many impression materials used on a day-to-day basis, irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials are most commonly utilized due to easy manipulation, hydrophilic nature, elastic recovery, accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The main objective of this study was to observe the effect of temperature and storage time on the accuracy of an irreversible hydrocolloid material.
 Study Design: Experimental and in-vitro study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics and Research Medical Centre, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, February 2019 to July 2019.
 Methodology: Total one hundred and five impressions cast models were made using irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (Hygedent) from ideal maxillary dentoform model. There were three temperatures (25°C,35°C and 45°C) and two storage timings (15 minutes and 25 minutes) along with one control group (immediate pouring). Measurements were taken utilizing digital Vernier Caliper. On each cast, two measurements were recorded in a linear manner including anteroposterior (AP) and Cross arch (CA).
 Results: Results revealed that there is a significant difference between anteroposterior dimensional changes of distance from Mesial surface of maxillary right central incisor to distal surface of maxillary right first molar and cross-arch dimensional changes of distance from distal surface of maxillary right first molar to distal surface of maxillary left first molar at different storage temperatures and time intervals. This indicates that the dimensions are increasing directly as storage time and temperature increases which might be because of shrinkage of material due to increase in time of pouring. Shrinkage causes material to pull it towards the tray and increase the dimensions.
 Conclusion: This study concluded that the best results could be obtained with immediate pouring at 25°C temperature as compared to other observed temperatures.

An Updated Comparison of Current Impression Techniques Regarding Time, Comfort, Anxiety, and Preference: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

To compare digital and conventional impressions in terms of impression time, and comfort, anxiety and preference of the patients. Digital scans (Trios 3 Cart) and conventional impressions (irreversible hydrocolloid material, hand-mixed) were randomly performed on 39 patients by a single experienced operator in 14-21 day intervals (cross-over design). Impression time, comfort score with visual analog scale (VAS), anxiety level with State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and preference with a questionnaire were recorded. Two techniques were compared with the independent t-test in terms of time, comfort, and anxiety. Patient'-operator' assessment and time-comfort relationship were calculated using Pearson correlation test. No statistical difference was found between the two impression techniques in terms of time (P = .231). The digital technique was found to be more comfortable than the conventional technique in both operators' and patients' comfort scores (P < .001). There was no statistical difference between two techniques with regards to anxiety (P = .668). Patients' and operators' comfort scores showed a strong correlation (P < .001), but no correlation was found between comfort and time (P > .05). Digital scan and conventional impression were similar in terms of impression time, and anxiety of patients. Conversely, patients were more satisfied with the digital technique and preferred it.

Implant Impression Making: Take-Off Guide for Beginners

AbstractDental implants are fixtures that constitute for the replacements of the root of a missing natural tooth. Dental implant therapy has been widely used for the restoration of partially and fully edentulous patients. The implant literature emphasizes the importance of a passively fitting prosthesis to prevent prosthodontic complications or even loss of fixture integration. Failure to achieve a passively fitting prosthesis and force tightening of superstructure may result in complications such as abutment, framework, and gold screw loosening or fracture. Various materials that can be used for making an implant impression are polyether, polyvinylsiloxane, condensation silicone, polysulfide, irreversible hydrocolloid material, and various others. There are various studies in relation to the accuracy of these impression materials out of which various scientists concluded different results with most studies stating polyether with the maximum amount of dimensional accuracy in comparison to other materials. An accurate implant impression plays a significant role and serves as a starting point in the process of producing good working casts. Thus, the accuracy of impression techniques becomes a significant issue in consideration of passive fit. Reproduction of intraoral relationship of implants through impression procedures is the first step in achieving accurate fit prosthesis. This transference is still complicated by the number, angulation, depth, and position of implants. The advent of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacturing technology improved the framework fabrication procedures and has increased the precision of fit of implant prosthesis.

The effect of contact time between alginate impression material and type III dental stone on the surface properties of stone casts

Background: Alginate impression material is the irreversible hydrocolloid material that is widely used in dentistry. The contact time between alginate and gypsum cast could have a detrimental effect on the properties of the gypsum cast. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of various contact time intervals of Alginate impressions &amp; type III dental stone on surface properties of stone cast. Materials and Methods: Time intervals tested were 1hour, 6 hours and 9 hours. Surface properties of stone cast evaluated were surface detail reproduction, hardness and roughness. Surface detail reproduction was determined using cylindrical brass test block in accordance with ISO 1563. Surface roughness was measured by profilometer and hardness was measured by Durometer (Shore D). Results: The detail reproduction showed significant difference (P&lt;0.05), at 6 hr., and 9 hr. showed better results. While surface roughness significantly decreased (p&lt;0.01) with prolonged contact time. However, surface hardness increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) with increased contact time. Conclusions: Surface detail reproduction increased with increasing the contact time and this was noticed at (6, 9 hours). However, 1hour time interval showed decreased surface detailed reproduction. Roughness decreased when the contact time was increased between type III dental stone and alginate impression whereas, hardness was improved significantly with increasing contact time.

Evaluation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width and Their Relation to the Calculated Values for Smile Designing

The present study was conducted to determine the golden proportion, golden mean, and the Preston proportion of the individuals between the widths of six maxillary anterior teeth and to determine which proportional formula exists in the population. This study was conducted among 60 participants between 18 years and 30 years of age with an esthetic smile. They were grouped into 30 females and 30 males. Maxillary arch impressions were made using irreversible hydrocolloid material from each individual. The width of the anterior teeth on the graph paper was analyzed by using digital vernier caliper. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA test. The study revealed that the formula of golden proportion and golden mean had no statistical differences between males and females but the Preston proportion has shown statistical differences in the total population. From the current study, it was concluded that the formulas of golden mean and golden proportion proposed by Ward can be used for smile designing and full mouth rehabilitations. Demand for smiles has gained its importance with time. The golden proportion, golden mean, and the Preston proportion are the guidelines used by the professional for better esthetic proportion in the dentition.

Appraisal of Dimensional Accuracy in Five Brands of Extended Pour Irreversible Hydrocolloid Materials for FDP Impression

Aim. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the dimensional accuracies of five brands ofextended pour irreversible hydrocolloid materials for fixed dental prosthesis impression.Materials and methods. Impressions of a master stainless steel model were made with five extended pourirreversible hydrocolloids and one addition silicone impression material. A total of ninety impressions(n=90) were made, with fifteen for each group of impression material. The stone dies retrieved fromthese impressions were analysed with Baty-Vision Systems - Venture 3D CNC machine, for dimensionalaccuracies. Comparison of continuous data between two groups was done with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test(Mann Whitney U test) and for more than two groups with the Kruskal Wallis test (? = .05)Results. All six impression materials showed some amount of error. On comparison of the median totalabsolute deviation of the various dimension of stone dies, the accuracies of impression materials in decreasingorder appeared to be Neocolloid &gt;&gt; Affinis &gt;&gt; Coltoprint &gt;&gt; Zelgan &gt;&gt; 3M ESPE &gt;&gt; Plastalgin. On thecontrary, a comparison of the impression materials, in terms of several dimensions of stone dies differingsignificantly from the stainless-steel model, the sequence in terms of accuracy was, Coltoprint &gt; Affinis &gt;3MESPE &gt; Neocolloid &gt; Plastalgin &gt; Zelgan.Conclusions. Based on the dimensional accuracies of the stone dies retrieved from the impressions,Neocolloid was found to be the best impression material with the least possible deviation, followed byColtoprint and Affinis.

Orbital Defect Resolution with Ocular Prosthesis: a Case Report

The loss of an eye is disturbing and affects social interaction. Rehabilitation with prosthesis restores comfort, aesthetics, and confidence, improving the quality of life. This study aims to report a case of rehabilitation using ocular prosthesis of an unilateral anophthalmic cavity. An impression of the socket was made with irreversible hydrocolloid material. An acrylic resin was used for flasking and packing. The obtained artificial sclera was tested and adjusted in the patient for functional and aesthetic performance of eyelid function and facial harmony. An iris was painted and centralized into a plateau of the sclera, before performing specific characterization. The ocular prosthesis was polished and installed. The patient was instructed on maintenance and hygiene. Facial aesthetics were restored; function of eyelid muscles and tear direction were restored jointly for integration of the individual into his social life.

Simplified Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Patient after Oral Cancer Removal.

The treatment of patients with oral cancer is complex: a multidisciplinary approach needs to be taken and maxillofacial and oral surgeons, an oncologist, a prosthodontist should be included, and a psychologist is often needed. This case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient after surgical removal of oral cancer with obturator prosthesis. Resection cavity was located in central part of the hard palate and the condition belonged to Aramany class 3 maxillary defects. The two-step impression technique of denture bearing area was used and the resection of cavity was performed. A primary impression-the impression of denture bearing area was made using irreversible hydrocolloid material, while the second impression - the impression of resection cavity was made using condensation silicone material and obturator prosthesis framework. The obturator prosthesis replaced lost teeth, improved oral function and esthetics at minimal costs.

Correlation Between Tooth form, Face Form and Arch Form Using Computer Program

Number of methods have been studied and suggested for selection of artificial tooth for determining the artificial tooth form to find out reliable esthetic factor. In this article a method is adopted to find out the esthetic factor by superimposition of the outline form of the tooth form(central incisor ), arch fom and face outline. 50 male dental students were selected and impression of the maxillary arch is made using irreversible hydrocolloid material and cast formed. A standardized photographic procedure is used to get the face photo of each student. And then Photoshop computer program is used to get the outline form of the incisor tooth, face, and the upper arch form. and then super imposition of the all these outline is made and correlate these factor to find out esthetic factor. Result in this study shows there is insignificant correlation between face, tooth, and

Studiu clinic şi microbiologic privind contaminarea microbiană a unor materiale de amprentă uzuale în medicina dentară

Mass distribution of different infectious diseases appears even more likely in dentistry than other medical specialities. The purpose of the study is to examine different impressions with alginate materials in order to demonstrate the contamination with different pathogens. Material and method. 63 patients were included in this study. They required specific prosthetic treatment. Preliminary impression were obtained with irreversible hydrocolloid material and microbiologically tested shorthy after removal from the mouth, after washed throughly with cold water and after decontamination with specific desinfectants. Results. Microbiologic records on the alginate impressions in different stages, revealed a reduction in number of bacteria, but not completely absence, regardless of the type of decontamination substance. Conclusions. The presence of different pathogens on the surface of irreversible hydrocolloid impresions is certain. There are residual bacteria which differ from one substance to another, irrespective of cleaning stages and decontamination materials used in daily manipulation of dental impresion. Even if time consuming, decontamination of alginate impression is compulsory in dentistry.

Antibacterial efficacy and effect of Morinda citrifolia L. mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid for dental impressions: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim:This study aimed to evaluate whether the extract of Morinda citrifolia L. mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid powder decreases microbial contamination during impression making without affecting the resulting casts.Materials and Methods:Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). Group A 30 ml extract of M. citrifolia L diluted in 30 ml of water was mixed to make the impression with irreversible hydrocolloid material. Group B 30 ml deionized water was mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid material to make the impressions following which the surface roughness and dimensional stability of casts were evaluated.Results:Extract of M. citrifolia L. mixed with irreversible hydrocolloid decreased the percentage of microorganisms when compared with water (P < 0.001) but did not affect the surface quality or dimensional stability of the casts.Conclusion:Mixing the extract of M. citrifolia L. with irreversible hydrocolloid powder is an alternative method to prevent contamination without sacrificing impression quality.

The effect of pouring time on the dimensional stability of casts made from conventional and extended-pour irreversible hydrocolloids by 3D modelling

Background/purposeThe aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of casts made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions with immediate and delayed pouring. Materials and methodsA master model was mounted on a modified articulator designed to standardize impression procedures. A total of 250 impressions were taken and grouped into 25 groups (n = 10) according to irreversible hydrocolloid material (CA37, Tropicalgin, ColorChange, Hydrogum 5, and Hydrocolor 5) and storage time (0 hours, 1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours, and 120 hours). Impressions were stored at 23 ± 1°C and 100% relative humidity and poured with gypsum at the predetermined storage time. Casts were scanned with a three-dimensional (3D) model scanner. The digital models were measured and subtracted from the measurements obtained from the master model. The absolute values of dimensional differences were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Fisher LSD test (P < 0.05). ResultsDifferent irreversible hydrocolloids and pouring times showed significant differences (P < 0.001). In all irreversible hydrocolloids, no statistically significant differences were found with impressions poured after 0 hours, 1 hour, and 24 hours of storage (P > 0.05). However, after 72 hours and 120 hours of storage, Tropicalgin and CA37 irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). Moreover, ColorChange, Hydrogum 5, and Hydrocolor 5 irreversible hydrocolloid impressions were not statistically different up to 120 hours (P > 0.05). ConclusionAll of the conventional and extended-pour impression materials tested in this study can be poured up to 24 hours with accuracy, if impressions are correctly stored. Extended-pour impression materials (ColorChange, Hydrogum 5, and Hydrocolor 5) can be poured up to 120 hours, if stored correctly.

A direct technique to fabricate an intraoral shield for unilateral head and neck radiation

A radiation oncologist may ask the prosthodontist to fabricate an intraoral shield when ipsilateral fields are used for patients with head and neck cancer. A technique for its fabrication is described that can be accomplished with materials and equipment that are readily available in the dental office. Baseplate wax is used intraorally to fabricate a pattern, which is duplicated with irreversible hydrocolloid material. Autopolymerizing acrylic resin is then used to make the shield. This simple technique can be completed in a single visit.