Irresponsible Use Research Articles

Responsibility of Manufacturers in Waste Management of Plastic Packaged Drink Products Based on Law Number 18 of 2008 Regarding Waste Management (Case Study in Ambon City, Maluku Province)

This article is motivated by the large number of irresponsible use of plastic waste in Ambon city, Maluku Province. This research is a normative legal research. The results obtained in this paper are Waste Management of plastic packaging beverage products carried out by Ambon city producers in accordance with Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste. Management to reclaim packaging that has been consumed by consumers so that they can be recycled systematically, thoroughly and in a sustainable manner. and produce goods using materials that are environmentally friendly and reusable. Apart from doing this, producers are also responsible for waste management in collaboration with the Ambon City Government as stated in Article 44 paragraph (1) of Ambon City Regulation Number 11 of 2015 which includes the provision / construction of Temporary Shelters (TPS) or TPS 3R. (Reduce Reuse). , Recycling), Final Disposal Site (TPA) or Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST), as well as supporting facilities and infrastructure, in this case providing a vehicle for transporting waste from TPS or TPS 3R to TPA or TPST, TPA or TPST management and / or management other processed products. This cooperation takes the form of sorting, collecting, transporting, processing, and / or final processing of waste.

Government Assistance To Farmers Against Tick-Borne Diseases During The COVID-19 lockdown

Ticks are responsible for transmitting viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases to humans and animals and also cause significant economic damage to the livestock industry. The owner of the farmhouse prefers to use acaricides, a key component of tick control strategies. However, the indiscriminate and irresponsible use of acaricides has a detrimental effect on the increase in the contamination of the environment, acaricide resistance in ticks, and its residues in milk and meat of the animal. There is now ample evidence that vaccination can provide significant immunity to tick and tick-borne diseases [1]. The COVID-19 virus, like its predecessor, the SARS virus (and other emerging diseases), is thought to have spread to humans through animal markets of Wuhan a central city in China [2]. Fortunately, the ticks do not spread this virus, but the COVID-19 virus is responsible for all those factors that can cause it to spread rapidly to animals.

Self-medication among pregnant women attending outpatients' clinics in northern Jordan-a cross-sectional study.

Self‐medication can facilitate patients’ access to medicinal products, save time, and reduce financial and health‐care service use burden. On the other hand, irresponsible use of self‐medications can result in adverse consequences. Self‐medication is common among different demographic groups including pregnant women. In general, medicinal products might have harmful effects on mothers and baby. This study aimed to assess self‐medication practices among pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on pregnant women attending outpatient clinics in the northern region of Jordan. Self‐medication practices among the target population were assessed using a survey questionnaire that was administered through interviewer‐assisted mode. Data were collected between December 2019 and September 2020, and descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were applied. A total of 1,313 pregnant women were surveyed (response rate = 95.50%). Self‐medication and the use of herbal remedies were practiced by 33.10% and 32.14% of the participant, respectively. Headaches and general pains were the most frequently reported conditions treated by self‐medication practice with either conventional medicinal products or herbal remedies. The gravidity (≥4) and the gestational stage (≥28 weeks) were the predictors of self‐medication practice. This study showed that self‐medication was not widely practiced by pregnant women in the northern region of Jordan. Disease simplicity and previous history were the main motives for self‐medicating. Efforts should be made by health‐care providers to address pregnant women and educate them to increase their awareness about the unsafe use of medicines and the harmful effects on fetus.

Features of Creating a Health-Promoting Teaching/Learning Environment for Children: the Context of the Development of Information Technologies in Primary Education

The development of information technology (IT) in the process of modern primary education poses new challenges for participants in this process. Despite the fact that the development of IT enhances teaching/learning, and makes it modern and attractive, the unrestricted and irresponsible use of IT can have negative consequences for both the physical and the mental health of younger school-age children. The article analyses problems related to features of creating a healthy child-friendly teaching/learning environment in the context of the development of IT in primary education. A total of 237 primary school teachers in western Lithuania were interviewed by means of a written (questionnaire) survey research method.The research results show that a computer is the main IT tool in the primary education environment. Almost all the interviewed teachers had them in their classrooms. Teachers lack in particular interactive boards and tablets. Only a very small number of teachers had them in their classrooms. The teachers interviewed lack more diverse means of IT in their classrooms, which limits the possibilities for using IT in the education process. The results of the research reveal that although primary school students know about safe use and health-care when working with IT, they are not able to apply the available knowledge in practice. Children lack the acquisition of practical actions and skills in applying them in life situations. Only a third, and even fewer teachers, agreed that while using IT children are able to sit correctly at a desk, protect their eyesight, do eye exercises, coordinate eye and hand movements, etc. Therefore, not only are modern means of IT and their safe installation important for the creation of a healthy child-friendly primary teaching/learning environment in the context of IT, but so is the development of safe and healthy child-friendly behaviour with IT: the regulation and distribution of work time with IT at school and at home, the responsible use of IT; not only the provision of knowledge about the use of IT to students, but also the formation of practical skills and their application in life situations.

Responsible Data Governance in Projects: Applying a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) Framework

There are large amounts of data that are collected, processed and exchanged in projects and they form the basis of innovation and fact-finding activities that are at the core of project activities. Nevertheless, such data can be irresponsibly used, managed and governed during its lifecycle, starting from creation all the way to its use. Given the importance of data and the risk of being misused, it is important to understand how responsibilities for data management can or should be designed in projects. This paper showcases how the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) can be implemented in projects to mitigate irresponsible data management and use. The paper draws on the practices un-dertaken in two EU funded research projects to help practitioners find ways of dealing with data management related issues

OUP accepted manuscript

Abstract It is commonly known that irresponsible alcohol use can have adverse effects. For some people, it results in health problems, for others in productivity loss, and some experience the worst possible outcome of alcohol misuse – death. This paper estimates the effect of reduced alcohol sales hours on alcohol-attributable mortality (AAM) in Estonia. Using novel mortality data from 1997 to 2015, this paper analyzes the effect of alcohol sales policies at both the county level and the country level. By applying the difference-in-differences method and the ARIMA model, this paper finds that the alcohol sales policy reduced AAM to between 1.710 and 2.401 deaths per 100,000 per month, which equals a reduction of 31% to 40% in AAM deaths. These findings suggest that individuals who are the most at risk of dying from alcohol-attributable causes of death benefit remarkably from reduced alcohol availability (JEL codes: I12, I18, and H75).

GLOBAL MOTIVATIONS AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

The natural and geographical, resource, economic and environmental conditions, global motivations, key trends, specific features of formation and prospects for aquaculture development are researched. It is emphasized that fishing and aquaculture have a special place in solving the global food problem, while significantly affecting the aquatic environment. The interdisciplinary nature of scientific research in the conceptual format of fisheries economics, management of marine ecosystems, aquaculture, green and blue technologies are illustrated. The positioning of fisheries and aquaculture in the format of global problems of mankind and sustainable development in terms of environmentally irresponsible use of bioresources, especially the World Ocean is made, attention is focused on the potentially catastrophic consequences of its pollution, the problem of restoring fish stocks based on climate change is emphasized. The economic, ecological and social expediency of accelerated development of aquaculture, its institutional, functional and organizational-regulatory separation in the structure of global fisheries is substantiated, considering its complexity and inter-sectoral diversification, the author's model of aquaculture is proposed with classification identification of its categories (internal natural, artificial and combined reservoirs and marine, coastal and combined areas), types (with and without feed), species (bony fish, crustaceans, mollusks, other aquatic animals, algae), and consumer products (food, non-food, dual use). The scale, structure and dynamics of aquaculture development have been identified and assessed, and its growing importance in global fisheries has been confirmed. The analysis of the regional structure of aquaculture production by continents is carried out, its distribution by categories and species in Asia, North and South America, Europe, Africa and Oceania is characterized. The special leadership status of China in the global production of aquaculture products is illustrated. It is confirmed that aquaculture is becoming the main source of human fish consumption. The key trends in the development of aquaculture in the European Union have been identified and assessed. The special features of the formation of the relevant market are described. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the scale of aquaculture production only in Norway is comparable to the aggregate indicator of the EU countries. The volumes and structure of aquaculture financing from the budget of the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund are analyzed. Using Spearman's correlation ranks, the peculiarities of aquaculture consumption in terms of volume and price characteristics are studied. The conclusions of the research are substantiated, which confirm the hypothesis of perspective prospects of aquaculture advanced development using the modern innovative technologies and the effective system of its global regulation.

Understanding Bias in Facial Recognition Technologies

Over the past couple of years, the growing debate around automated facial recognition has reached a boiling point. As developers have continued to swiftly expand the scope of these kinds of technologies into an almost unbounded range of applications, an increasingly strident chorus of critical voices has sounded concerns about the injurious effects of the proliferation of such systems on impacted individuals and communities. Opponents argue that the irresponsible design and use of facial detection and recognition technologies (FDRTs) threatens to violate civil liberties, infringe on basic human rights and further entrench structural racism and systemic marginalisation. They also caution that the gradual creep of face surveillance infrastructures into every domain of lived experience may eventually eradicate the modern democratic forms of life that have long provided cherished means to individual flourishing, social solidarity and human self-creation. Defenders, by contrast, emphasise the gains in public safety, security and efficiency that digitally streamlined capacities for facial identification, identity verification and trait characterisation may bring. In this explainer, I focus on one central aspect of this debate: the role that dynamics of bias and discrimination play in the development and deployment of FDRTs. I examine how historical patterns of discrimination have made inroads into the design and implementation of FDRTs from their very earliest moments. And, I explain the ways in which the use of biased FDRTs can lead distributional and recognitional injustices. I also describe how certain complacent attitudes of innovators and users toward redressing these harms raise serious concerns about expanding future adoption. The explainer concludes with an exploration of broader ethical questions around the potential proliferation of pervasive face-based surveillance infrastructures and makes some recommendations for cultivating more responsible approaches to the development and governance of these technologies.

Application of Taguchi and response surface methodology approach to a sustainable model developed for a compression-ignition engine using polanga biodiesel/diesel blends

The exhaustive and irresponsible use of fossil fuels has created numerous public and environmental health issues in the past few decades. To address this issue, this work has investigated the use of polanga ( Calophyllum inophyllum) biodiesel/diesel blends in a diesel engine. This study focuses primarily on the optimization of performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with polanga-based biodiesel blends. The engine input factors were also investigated for desired optimal thermal performance. In this study, four input parameters, namely, engine loads, blends of polanga-based biodiesel, fuel injection pressure, and fuel injection timing were chosen for analysis. The corresponding engine output responses, namely, brake thermal efficiency, CO, NOx, and smoke emissions, are selected for their optimization by Taguchi method and response surface methodology. The results show that the best setting of above-mentioned input factors is reported at 44% engine load, 13% mixing of polanga biodiesel with diesel, 180 bar injection pressure of fuel, and 21.5 °bTDC injection timing of fuel. The comparison between results obtained by the optimization process and experimental results showed that the deviations were always found to be within the acceptable range of errors.

A fuzzy logic-based approach for progressive pricing of freshwater in Jordan

The current freshwater pricing in Jordan is based on Block Rate tariffs, with a flat rate and fixed price per-block, this pricing system has several drawbacks, including and not limited to the breach of equity principle, and is not progressive enough to penalize irresponsible consumers of water in a dry country like Jordan. This paper proposes an alternative pricing system using fuzzy logic; this system consists of 3 stages, input curves, which are based on the water consumption, output curves, which are based on the water prices per cubic meter, and logical rules to move inference from input to output. Our experimental results, based on simulated water bills, show that the proposed pricing system is flexible, provides fair sale prices to both customers and water suppliers, is more progressive, as it penalizes the larger consumers of water, rewards the smaller consumers of water, and increases the number of happy customers, and consequently, saves water by preventing irresponsible use. Therefore, we recommend the propose pricing system to be used for pricing water in Jordan.

The Earth: A Strategy for Survival

Abstract We have now entered the Anthropocene era, where for the first time, humans are changing the earth in which we live. Our emissions of carbon dioxide are driving up global temperatures, our exploitation of the environment is destroying biodiversity, our reckless use of chemicals threatens the insects on which we depend to pollinate crops, and our irresponsible use of antibiotics is fueling the rise of antimicrobial resistance. In this session we ask people from different backgrounds how we can work together to tackle what is rapidly becoming a threat to the survival of humans and the creatures with whom we share this planet.

Off-Label Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment in Africa Against WHO Recommendation.

COVID-19 is continuing as a big challenge for the globe and several types of research are continued to find safe and effective treatment and preventive options. Although there is a lack of conclusive evidence of their benefit, there is worldwide controversy to use anti-malarial drugs, hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, for the treatment of COVID-19. FDA issued an emergency use authorization to the use of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. On the contrary to the FDA, the European Medicines Agency has warned against the widespread use of these drugs to treat COVID-19. Finally, the WHO declared that clinical trials on these drugs are halted after the devastating findings of the study published in the medical journal called The Lancet. Against this fact, there are several rumors about the irresponsible use of these drugs in Africa for the treatment of COVID-19. This work aimed to review the off-label use of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 in African countries against WHO recommendation. Data on the use of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 in African countries were searched from credible sources including Scopus, PubMed, Hindawi, Google Scholar, and from local and international media. The study showed that many African countries have already approved at the national level to use these drugs to treat COVID-19 by opposing WHO warnings. In addition to this, falsified and substandard chloroquine products started to emerge in some African countries. The health sectors of the African government should critically compare the risks and benefits before using these drugs. The WHO and African drug regulatory organizations should intervene to stop the off-label use practice of these drugs against the licensed purpose and distribution of falsified and substandard products in the continent.

Ignorance is not an excuse – Irresponsible neurocognitive test use highlights the need for appropriate training

Ignorance is not an excuse – Irresponsible neurocognitive test use highlights the need for appropriate training

Violência verbal e argumentação em democracias

A argumentação nos espaços públicos de deliberação das sociedades abertas implica a responsabilidade de quem toma a palavra. A inobservância das chamadas “regras do debate” seria, assim, um exemplo do uso público da palavra irresponsável, obstaculizando a crítica. Pergunta-se, com efeito, se, no que diz respeito à votação do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff na Câmara dos Deputados (analisada pela transcrição do departamento de taquigrafia da instituição), essas regras básicas da argumentação teriam sido negligenciadas, tratando especificamente do estilo da abordagem. Indaga-se também como isso pode ter comprometido o debate democrático, tendo como marco teórico autores como Angenot (2008) e Danblon (2004). Além disso, com o auxílio de categorias como as propostas pela teoria das faces de Brown e Levinson (1987), com inspiração em Goffman (1974), a pesquisa apontou no sentido de que, uma vez que os deputados, independentemente de sua orientação cultural e política, tenderam, em sua maioria, a desprezarem regras inerentes ao debate, o Parlamento, entendido como a esfera pública de deliberação, revelou-se próprio das sociedades dogmáticas.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE METHOD FOR TYLOSIN RESIDUES DETERMINATION IN EGG SAMPLES USING THE METHOD OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY

The article presents the results of development and validation of the method of eggs sample preparation for the determination of tylosin residues by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the kits manufactured by Europroxima (Netherlands). Tylosin is a natural antibiotic, highly effective against gram-positive and selectively active against gram-negative organisms. It is a product of microbiological synthesis of Streptomyces fradiae. Irresponsible use of antibiotics and the non-compliance with the withdrawal period for animals after their use have escalated the problems associated with the presence of antibiotic residues in food. Biologically reasonable maximum permissible levels (MRLs) of residual antimicrobials in animal products, officially approved in all countries by the Commission of the Codex Alimentarius, in the European Union by EU Regulation № 37/2010, and in Ukraine by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine products.
 In order to ensure the compliance with the above standards, it is necessary to have sensitive and specific analytical methods that can rapidly and effectively control the presence of residues at the established levels for routine control of antibiotics in eggs by veterinary and manufacturing laboratories.
 The influence of different extraction conditions on the percentage of extraction of the target analyte from the homogenized eggs sample fortified with the standard solution was investigated: pH changes of different buffer solutions, different degrees of sample concentration, the influence of separate reagents for the better separation of aqueous and organic phases. The results of the quantitative analysis of tylosin content in the model samples, determined by the developed screening method, were confirmed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Optimal conditions for extraction of the target analyte from egg were provided by the sample preparation method using the extraction with 0.5 M potassium phosphate buffer with pH 8.0, followed by the analyte transfer into the organic phase, the concentration of the analyte by evaporation of an organic extract aliquot and the reconstitution of the dried residue in the buffer solution, degreasing with hexane. It was found that for the better phase separation in "buffer – ethyl acetate" system the procedure of extraction and phase separation is best carried out at room temperature. The research results are presented in tables and chromatograms.
 The proposed screening method was validated, the necessary statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed, and as a result, the limit value or “technical threshold” and the cut-off factor were calculated, and their graphical representation was presented.
 The main advantages of the developed method are the rapidity, the simplicity of performance and the sensitivity to the target analyte at the level of 2 μg/kg, which is confirmed statistically by the results of validation tests. The technique is offered to the manufacturer to expand the scope of the kits usage.

Self-medication practice in different contexts: higher education students vs. users of an interior pharmacy

Abstract Introduction Self-medication is a common practice these days and is influenced by many factors, such as education, family, society, availability of medications and exposure to advertisements. This practice should be done responsibly for relief and treatment of brief and non-serious health conditions. Its irresponsible use can create risks to the individual’s health. Objectives This work aims to evaluate the knowledge about self-medication on higher education students, and on a village population located at the interior of the Portugal central region, in order to verify if health education and school level influence the behaviours how self-medication is done. Methodology An observational study was carried out at the Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), and at a Pharmacy in a rural village, with a questionnaire done between March and May 2019. In this study 430 individuals contributed, of which 223 were enrolled in ESTeSC and 207 were Pharmacy’s customers. Results At the sample, female students (88.8%) predominated, with an average age of 20 years old. From the results collected at the Pharmacy’s customers, female individuals predominated (65.7%). From the overall, 75.8% indicated that they self-medicated in the last 6 months (170 individuals from ESTeSC and 156 from pharmacy) mainly for Flu/Cold symptoms (38.8%). Analgesics and antipyretics predominates self-medication with 36.3% and 41.06% (ESTeSC and Pharmacy, respectively). They further stated that self-medication is acceptable in some circumstances. Conclusion We can conclude that regarding to self-medication practice, individuals increasingly look out to treat their symptoms without seeking medical advice, as it is faster and cheaper. Therefore, pharmacy professionals must educate population about benefits and risks of self-medication. These professionals have an important role at the self-medication risks prevention, sharing information, therapeutic guidance and population education.

Pemanfaatan Film Pendek “Fixer” sebagai Alat Untuk Menggambarkan Dehumanisasi Akibat Kemajuan Teknologi

The ability to think is the defining factor that sets apart human beings and any other creations.By using their minds and their mental capacity, humans try to assign meaning to get a betterunderstanding of the phenomenon and things in their surroundings. Humans gave birth toscience and technology as a means to solve their problems and in process, fulfilling specificneeds. Thus, human beings began to live side by side with technology. As time has progressed,technology also shapes what values to uphold. Advancement in technology often gives a newperspective on life. We saw a possibility of losing the essence of “what makes us human” dueto the irresponsible use of technology. Aside from being entertainment, this project also aimsas a means to convey the message that technology used wisely so as not to lose identity as ahuman being. This project manifests as a sci-fi short movie based on technologicaldeterminism and dehumanization, in which we made the audience think about what values wehave lost in exchange for technology. This project uses an action genre and a unique effect toconvey the world-building aspect. We hope the whole process of this project could serve as areference for any parties who want to create short movies within the same context.

Comprehensive environmental monitoring and assessment of protected wetland and lake water quality in Croatia and Serbia.

The irresponsible and uncontrolled use of water bodies for long period of time leads to pollution and water quality degradation, particularly in sensitive protected terrestrial and aquatic areas as lakes and wetlands situated in the vicinity of human habitations. Vulnerable ecosystems, the Lake Zobnatica, Serbia and the Wetlands of Tompojevci, Croatia, are characterized as protected natural areas and are surrounded by agricultural land and developed anthropogenic activities. In the samples of surface, ground water and agricultural runoff the key physicochemical parameters were determined. The results of analysed water characterized the Lake water quality class as IV-V. The measured parameters for the Lake show the high values of nutrients, particularly in ground water and agricultural runoff, pH value higher than 8.5 and lower values of dissolved oxygen (DO) than 5mg/L in the most of the examined water samples. According to the results and maximal allowable values Wetlands belong to the class V water quality, with high trophic state and poor eco-status according to Croatian and Serbian national Laws and By-Laws. The pH value higher than 8.5 of ground water in Wetlands of Tompojevci signifies alkaline groundwater. The maximum concentrations of orthophosphates in ground water and agricultural runoff (10.875 and 10.886mg/L, respectively) imply the high level of agricultural pollution. Research study of water samples has been performed from 2017 to 2019 within the Interreg IPA CBC Croatia-Serbia Project AF_HR-RS135_SeNs_Wetlands. This type of parallel and comparative research in Serbia and Croatia was conducted for the first time.

The Impact of Human Activities on the Environment, Case of Mhondongori in Zvishavane, Zimbabwe

This study was proposed to explore the impact of human activities on the environment in Mhondongori. In this community, there are natural resources that include minerals, natural forest, wetlands, rivers and beautiful mountains. However, over the past two decades, the environmental quality of the community has deteriorated demonstrating irresponsible use of natural resources by humans. Indeed, if such poor natural resource management continues at the current rate, this would ultimately lead to extinction. Qualitative research design and convenience sampling methods were used. The study involved six participants who provided the data. An interview guide and observation techniques were used to collect data. Using content analysis data was classified into themes and a scorecard was used to determine the human activities on the environment and their impact. The results revealed that in Mhondongori, human activities that affected the environment were mining, veld fire, cutting down trees, overgrazing, excessive communal hunting and fishing, littering, water and air pollution. The impacts were the degradation of land, permanent scars on the landscape, deforestation, destruction of wildlife habitats, disappearance of wetlands, destruction of trees, grass, seed bank and seedlings, pollution of streets, bushes and rivers, disruption of migration and hibernation of animals. To conserve the environment, it was recommended that community leadership must develop appropriate environmental management strategies to mitigate these unfavourable impacts and that the state must empower Mhondongori leadership through reasonable legislative and other measures that would prevent environmental degradation.

The dark side of social media in Zimbabwe: Unpacking the legal framework conundrum

Despite their numerous benefits to humanity, social media platforms have brought new challenges on the national security landscape. Irresponsible use of social media has resulted in social vices su...