Irresponsible Behavior Research Articles

Green or red faces? Tourist strategies when encountering irresponsible environmental behavior

ABSTRACT Tourists’ green behavior plays a significant role in sustainable tourism development. Most of the previous research considered tourists exert green behavior independently, neglecting the influences of tourist-to-tourist interaction and the culture they are embedded in. This study took Chinese tourists visiting two lake tourism destinations (West Lake in Hangzhou and Xianshan Lake in Huzhou) as the research respondents and aimed to examine how tourist-to-tourist interaction within different relationships impact tourist on-site green behavior in Chinese face-culture settings. Based on a qualitative research approach using the critical incident technique, 76 incidents were investigated involving 29 Chinese tourists with different backgrounds. This research showed that the encounters among tourists were affected by the types of relationships (family, friends, and strangers) and Chinese face culture (the desire to gain face and the fear of losing face). The results contribute to the sustainable tourism literature by taking into consideration various types of social interactions, which positively or negatively affect green behavior. Fresh insights are revealed on how face consciousness influences Chinese social interactions and green behavior in tourism. The analysis of social interactions among tourists provides a new perspective for destination management organizations to enhance green behavior and improve sustainable management practices.

Debunking patriarchal assumptions about motherhood as represented in selected Southern African literature

This article explores how literary representations of African motherhood demystify oppressive patriarchal assumptions that have marginalised women whilst promoting male privilege. This study’s objective is to challenge patriarchal values that continue to damage and undermine many African women’s position and status in society. This is critical in order to address gender injustice and make a claim for African women’s rights to respectful, dignified and fulfilling lives as full members of society. An interpretive content analysis of Lauretta Ngcobo’s And They Didn’t Die and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions has been adopted. African feminist theory provided the interpretive framework for analysing the selected texts. In sharp contrast to patriarchal assumptions of women as inferior to men, this research indicates many African women performing critical roles that ensure family survival with little to no help from men. Depictions of African mothers’ sacrifice and struggles to safeguard the interests of the families contrast the irresponsible behaviours and failures associated with fatherhood in the texts studied. Given the important contributions of women to improving quality of life, the study recommends the need for transformation of oppressive patriarchal values that undermine women to create a more equitable society.

Identifikácia potenciálne nezodpovedného správania sa spoločností voči správcovi dane

Irresponsible behaviour practices of tax entities are becoming more sophisticated. In addition to repressive tools, the tax administrator may use a proactive approach to detect an entity’s illegal activity. The paper aims to identify the relevant factors and assess their impact on estimating the probability of irresponsible behaviour of companies towards the tax administrator in individual sectors of the economy. Based on data from financial statements, we monitored the characteristic features of tax-responsible and tax-irresponsible companies in the Slovak Republic in the period 2015–2018 in 15 sec- tors. We created predictive models of their irresponsible behaviour towards the tax administrator for each industry using logistic regression. The results show that an analysis of the quantitative features of companies makes it possible to identify factors that alert the tax administrator in advance to potentially illegal behaviour of tax entities.

Investigating values of green marketing tools in predicting tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior

ABSTRACT The environment often suffers harmful consequences caused by the irresponsible behavior of individuals and businesses. In this sense, neither the tourism industry nor tourists are spared these accusations. Therefore, tourism literature highlights the significance of exploring tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior and determinants of the formation of both eco-friendly attitudes and behavior. Additionally, consumer literature sheds light on how important green marketing is in changing consumers’ behavior and leading them towards greener consumption behavior. Nevertheless, existing tourism literature on the role of green marketing approaches in predicting tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior is quite scarce. Hence, the principal aim of the research was to investigate whether the green marketing tool – green packaging and branding, influences tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior. Additionally, the present paper focused on tourists’ preferences toward green packaging. In an effort to establish this, survey research was conducted among 368 Serbian tourists. The results showed that green packaging and branding positively shape tourists eco-friendly attitudes and behavior, and that attitudes represent significant predictor of behavior. The valuable contribution of this paper lies in practical implications for destination marketers, which highlight how the promotion of green products in tourism could enhance potential tourists’ eco-friendly attitudes and behavior.

CSR as an Elixir for Enhanced Corporate Image: Experiences from the University for Development Studies, Tamale and C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana

This paper is centered on the ramifications of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives on the corporate image of public universities in Ghana. It focuses on CSR activities of the C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS) and the University for Development Studies (UDS), taking cognizance of the likely consequences of socially irresponsible behaviour. The proponents relied heavily on relevant previous studies, Acts of Parliament establishing the selected universities, information provided in technical reports, web pages of selected universities, and in-house journals of same. It recognizes CSR as a strategic tool for enhancing the corporate image of a given organization and thus set out to investigate benchmarks within the higher education sub-sector and the sustainability or otherwise of CSR initiatives undertaken by the Management of UDS and CKT-UTAS. The findings revealed that per their respective mandates as enshrined in the Acts/Legislation establishing them, the UDS and the CKT-UTAS have a community development and/or poverty reduction focus. Invariably, they have been involved in several forms of community engagement or CSR activities especially within the universities’ catchment areas. However, the two universities like most public universities in Ghana do not have a deliberate Policy Document on Corporate Social Responsibility. Consequently, the study recommends the formulation of a CSR Policy to provide the framework for university-wide CSR programmes and activities as well as the incorporation of CSR as a course of study within the universities’ mainstream curricular.

KRISIS UTANG SRI LANKA DALAM KERJA SAMA PEMBANGUNAN PROYEK PELABUHAN HAMBANTOTA DENGAN TIONGKOK

This research aims to analyze the cause of Sri Lanka’s debt crisis in Hambantota Port Development Project with Tiongkok. Hambantota Port was built in order to turn the wheels of the economy that had been collapsed after 25 years of civil war. Besides, this port is located in strategic position in international shipping lines and this urged China to cooperate with Sri Lanka by funding most of the port development cost. However, the project that was supposed to enhance Sri Lanka’s economy, leads Sri Lanka into debt crisis. This research uses Theodore H Cohn’s concept of debt crisis in nation level. Data collection techniques and analysis were carried out using qualitative methods and explanative approaches. This study found that Sri Lanks’s debt crisis occurs because of irresponsible behavior of the both party that participated in this cooperation. China as the creditor aggresively lends Sri Lanka without respectively looking at Sri Lanka’s credit liability. On the other hand, Sri Lanka as the debtor tends to avoid the conditions that they thought as burdensome for them and the government was not able to handle the prolonged budget deficit, not able to make a good policy in facing debt situation, lack of transparency and high level of corruption.

Impact of Irresponsible Teenage Behavior in Modern Society

Abstract : This research has been focused on exploring the impact of irresponsible teenage behaviour on modern society. Teenage children suffer from continuous changes in their bodies and mind, which increases their enthusiasm toward risky activities and behaviours. Irresponsible teenage behaviour involves several types of risky behaviour and activities that teenagers are habituated to, including drug and alcohol consumption, illegitimate intercourse, risky driving, theft, cyber crimes and fighting. A secondary qualitative data collection method has been used and relevant information has been collected from journals, newspaper articles and reliable websites. Thematic analysis has been conducted and the results indicate that ITB poses a major impact on the emotional, mental and physical development of youths as well as on modern society. The prevalence of drug consumption has increased rapidly among school-going teenagers and overdoses of drug consumption have been identified to be a major cause of untimely death of teenagers. In addition, effective solutions have been proposed including guidelines for parents for increasing connection with children and enhancing engagement to monitor their behaviour and habits. Optimising the behaviour of peers and friends of the child is another effective solution proposed for preventing this behaviour and its associated impact on society. In addition, parents have to ensure proper parenting and involvement with their child for gaining knowledge about their behaviour and habits. Considering these practices and improving parental guidance can improve the mental and emotional perception of a teenager and reduce their impact on society. Keyword : Alcohol Consumption, Drug Use, Irresponsible Teenage Behavior, Pre-Marital Sex, Risky Behaviour

The joint effect of corporate social irresponsibility and social responsibility on consumer outcomes

The questions of when and what consumer outcomes corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) would elicit when both are present in the same company remain unclear. This study conducted two between-subjects experiments that explored the independent and interaction effects of CSR/CSI order (CSI first, CSR first, or CSR/CSR at the same time), CSR-CSI domain congruity (congruent or incongruent), and the CSR commitment (high or low) on different consumer reactions. Based on two samples (Study 1 N = 361, Study 2 N = 291) recruited in the United States, the results showed that consumers' negative responses toward the company were stronger when CSI followed CSR than vice versa. Specifically, CSI following CSR triggered consumers’ perceived corporate hypocrisy, which in turn led to negative behavioral intentions. Furthermore, we found that companies face more backlash from consumers if their irresponsible behavior was in the same issue domain (versus different domain) as prior CSR.

Business Goal Difficulty and Socially Irresponsible Executive Behavior: The Mediating Role of Focalism

Executive social irresponsibility has received increasing research attention in recent years, following the consensus for a broader stakeholder approach to managerial decision making. Despite the importance of the subject, there remains insufficient research on contextual factors that mold executives’ orientation toward social responsibility. Through three studies, we demonstrate that difficult business goals can reduce executives’ tendency to consider social responsibility in their decision making. Further, we find that focalism—a cognitive bias based on affective forecasting theory—can mediate positive relationships between business goal difficulty and socially irresponsible executive behavior. Our findings also suggest that, expanding executives’ thought processes beyond the narrow focus of a business goal achievement can be a good strategy in reducing socially irresponsible executive behavior, even in the presence of difficult goals.

Uncovering the Causes of High Incidence of Parental Separation: A Case in Barangay Zone II, Santa Fe, Leyte

Marriage is a legal and lifetime union of two individuals. Unfortunately, some couples failed to fulfill their promises which resulted to separation. In the locality of Santa Fe, Leyte, the total cases of parental separation are two-hundred and twelve (212). Among its barangays, Zone II has the highest incidence. With this, the researchers agreed to uncover the causes of high incidence of parental separation in this barangay. The participants were five separated couples and were selected using purposeful sampling. Further, the study employed qualitative research specifically explanatory case study. The data were obtained thru semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using the thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the causes of high incidence of parental separation in Barangay Zone II, Santa Fe, Leyte are irresponsible behaviors, infidelity, crime-related activities, and change of feelings. Hence, the researchers recommended the local government to formulate programs with the aim of building healthy marriages. Parents must reflect with their actions and value more their marriage. Children with separated parents should read this study to be informed with the causes of parental separation. And the future researchers should utilize this as a basis of identifying the known and still unknown in relation to parental separation.

Environmentally responsible behavior and Knowledge-Belief-Norm in the tourism context: The moderating role of types of destinations

In the past decade, Indonesia's Special Region of Yogyakarta has attracted steadily more visitors annually. However, this growth also degrades the quality of the tourism environment and nature's health due to irresponsible behaviors. The region's tourist attractions, including nature-based, cultural heritage sites, and city/urban destinations, are some of the most popular destinations in the country. This work compares the behavior of tourists toward the environment in nature-based, cultural heritage, and urban tourism destinations. This conceptual framework draws from the Knowledge-Belief-Norm to understand domestic tourists' norm-driven, environmentally responsible behavior. A random survey of 346 domestic tourists in Indonesia (nature-based = 118, cultural heritage = 107, and urban = 121) demonstrated that the model explains 30% of the environmentally responsible behavior intention variance. The structural equation model shows the linear relationship between environmental knowledge, new environmental paradigm, awareness of the consequences of their actions, personal responsibility, normative behavior, and environmentally responsible behavior. Biospheric value also was found to contribute to the model. However, differences among groups were validated in the relationship of this study model. The study provides original insight into the development and implication of Knowledge-Belief-Norms in the context of domestic tourism. It established the moderating role of types of destination. It provides a practical insight into reducing the environmental impact of tourists' activities for tourism managers and policymakers when designing effective strategies and campaigns. It also gives direction for future research on the relevant topic.

Non-Adherence to Operational Risk Management Guidelines under Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Norms

India has a daunting challenge of keeping its financial system intact from the emerging signs of impending global crisis. When it comes to the BFSI domain (banking, financial services, insurance), the coordination between regulatory and independent bodies in sharing the financial intelligence is crucial. FIU-IND is an independent body under Finance Minister which work in close cooperation with Reserve Bank of India. This paper pertains to a case related to Axis Bank Ltd, India’s third largest private sector bank wherein heavy penalties were imposed on it on account of the deficiencies in the operational processes followed by the bank. The role of FIU-IND is laudable where the authority has highlighted the irresponsible behaviour of the bank and set a benchmark for others for complying the provisions as per Basel III. Basel III is an internationally agreed set of measures developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision due to the emergence of financial crisis during the 2007-09 period. Basel III norms play a crucial role in strengthening the regulation, supervision and risk management of banks at a global level. Banks and financial institutions (FIs) in India need to comply with defined processes for customer identification while establishing a relationship like opening of accounts and for keeping a regular watch on the transactions which are of suspicious nature. These are known as KYC (Know Your Customer) guidelines. Reserve Bank of India through its Master Circular on Know Your Customer (KYC) norms dated July 1,2015 under PMLA (Prevention of Money Laundering Act), 2002 has revisited KYC guidelines. The term "Officially Valid Documents" (OVD) has been introduced which can be a passport, the driving license, the Permanent Account Number (PAN) Card, the Voter's Identity Card issued by the Election Commission of India, Job card issued by NREGA. All these documents are photo identity proofs and have been introduced as part of KYC in order to keep a check on money laundering transactions.

Does wastophobia bring sustainability in consumers’ responsible behavior? A case of electricity waste management

PurposeTo deal with the issue of irresponsible consumer behavior, this study aims to find out the significant determinants that direct sustainability in consumers' responsible behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitatively designed (survey approach) and targeted 520 respondents by deploying multistage sampling technique. The collected data is statistically analyzed in SEM-path analysis technique through Smart PLS 3.FindingsThe outcomes of study indicated that awareness of wasteful consumption (ß = 0.27, p = 0.00) and wastophobia (ß = 0.73, p = 0.00) strongly influence consumers’ mind to bring sustainability in responsible behavior.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the empirically tested wastophobia model can pave foundations in the theoretical literature to manage waste other than electricity waste, including time, food, water, agriculture, garbage, hazardous environmental pollution and natural reservoirs waste.Originality/valueThe study originates that promoting various conscious and unconscious aspects of wasteful consumption by focusing on fearful consequences of electricity waste supports to bring sustainability in consumers’ responsible behavior.

Corporate Social Irresponsibility Punishments from Stakeholders—Evidence from China

Corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) scandals are frequently reported in China and have a huge impact on the enterprise and society. Aiming to understand the underlying mechanisms between CSIR and enterprise outcomes, this study uses a sample of 2618 firms from the 2018 National Survey of Private Entrepreneurs Survey and examines the corporate social irresponsibility punishments from the perspective of stakeholders by introducing transaction costs. The results indicate that although the punishments for corporate irresponsible behaviors may not be strong enough to deter enterprises from irresponsibility in China, punishments from various stakeholders are increasing in terms of transaction costs. In addition, crisis management capacity may negatively moderate the relationship between CSIR and transaction costs, while regional economic development positively moderates it. This study adds to the extant research on CSIR consequences by combining stakeholders with transaction costs and provides new insights into transaction costs.

Growing Infantilism in Modern Adolescents and Young People: Symptoms and Causes

In the 21st century, in the era of growing infantilism, one of the important tasks of modern psychology and pedagogy is to solve the problem of educating and developing the responsibility of adolescents and young people. There are various hypotheses about the emergence of infantilism and irresponsibility and their manifestations in childhood and adulthood. The strength of society is the strength of individuals who make it up; therefore, in modern science it is important to identify the causes of social infantilism and introduce technologies for its prevention and correction. On the basis of a theoretical analysis, the authors consider the dominant symptoms of infantilism (irresponsibility, mental discomfort, loneliness, sexual behavior disorders, narcissism and gender chauvinism) as well as their manifestations in different age periods. According to the authors, the main reasons for the development of infantilism in adolescents and young people are as follows: (1) the lack of collective education and the low influence of teachers, psychologists and the educational environment as a whole on the personality development; (2) the pronounced style of pedagogy of freedom, provoking the development of egoism; (3) the delegation of responsibility for education exclusively to the family in the absence of psychological and pedagogical support for family relations; (4) the deformed model of family relations against the background of falling birth rates, shifting gender roles and family values. To prevent and correct infantilism among adolescents and young people, specialists in the field of modern education need to carry out systematic diagnostic work with families and pay close attention to the introduction of practical technologies for the prevention of irresponsible behavior among younger schoolchildren and adolescents. In addition, it is necessary to introduce psychological and pedagogical education of the younger generation on the issues of personal self-development, self-education and self-fulfilment.

Responsible practice of recreational spearfishing is needed. A Response to Sbragaglia et al. (2021)

We demonstrate how irresponsible use of social media by users not only compromises them personally, but also contributes to the dissemination of irresponsible behaviors towards environmental conservation and compliance with fishing regulations. In this context, self-regulation by fishing clubs could play a preventive role. From our discussion, we advocate the idea that fishermen are not only dealing with fish but with a public good.

Factor Structure and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Tangney's Brief Self-Control Scale in Chinese Adolescents.

Self-control is an important trait for humans to perceive inner and outer perceptions while maintaining harmony with others in society. People with lower self-control are more likely to engage in undesired or irresponsible behavior. The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) is an effective scale with a brief set of items which can effectively measure the level of an individual's control abilities. So far, it has been widely used in many longitudinal studies. However, the factor structure of the scale remains controversial, and far fewer studies have examined the longitudinal measurement invariance of the BSCS. This study aimed to revise the BSCS and test its factor structure for use in Chinese adolescents. Three samples of adolescents (N = 1,330/1,000/600, 11–19 years of age) were used. The item-total correlation and inter-item correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the quality of items. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the principle component analysis (PCA) of the residuals were performed to test the factor structure of the BSCS. Three nested models were used to test the longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) of the BSCS. Pearson correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were conducted to test the criterion validity and internal consistency reliability, respectively. According to the CFA of different dimensional models of the BSCS, the results did not support the two-dimensional model, and poor factor loading was found for Item 12. Based on this, combined with lower item-total correlation and item-item correlations, Item 12 was eliminated. Based on results of the EFA with both Kaiser eigenvalues and minimum average partial correlations, only one factor of the revised 12-item BSCS was extracted to make the fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis acceptable. Meanwhile, the results of principle component analysis of the residuals supported the unidimensional assumption. The fit indices of three nested models supported the longitudinal measurement invariance, indicating that this scale has the same meaning over time. The internal consistency coefficient of the BSCS-12 was 0.81 and the test-retest reliability was 0.70. Good concurrent validity was also demonstrated. Overall, these findings suggest that the revised 12-item Tangney's Brief Self-Control Scale has a one-dimensional structure and has good reliability and validity in Chinese adolescents.

The Impact of Soft Budget Constraint on the Fiscal Co-responsibility of the Autonomous Communities in Spain: The Case of Extraordinary Liquidity Funds (2012-2019)

According to the Second Generation of Theories of Fiscal Federalism, if subcentral governments can increase the level of spending without taking responsibility for the cost due to the existence of a soft budget constraint, incentives are created for financially irresponsible behavior. Since 2012, the central government in Spain has created various funds with the aim of improving the liquidity of the Autonomous Communities, but their design has meant that the latter can obtain resources at little cost. This paper tests the hypothesis under which the regions that have received more extraordinary liquidity funds have had a less prudent fiscal behavior, finding no evidence of it. The level of unemployment, the financial insufficiency and the electoral cycle of the budget are the determining factor in explaining greater non-compliance with deficit and debt targets and higher deficit and debt growth rates.

Visionary Leadership of The Principal in The Implementation of Character Education at SMA Plus PGRI Cibinong Bogor Regency

Character education in schools is a severe problem, so it is necessary to find its root and solution. Various policies and formulations of character education have been made by the government and implemented in each school, but so far have not shown the expected results. Different deviations in student behavior at each level of education are still found, such as brawls between students, promiscuity and immorality, drug abuse, and other irresponsible behavior. This study aims to reveal data related to the visionary leadership of the principal as a driver of the character education system at SMA PLUS PGRI Cibinong, Bogor Regency. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with data collection tools using interview, observation, and documentation studies.Meanwhile, the triangulation technique was used to test the validity of the data. The results showed that the principal, with his visionary leadership, had been able to mobilize all components of the character education system at SMA PLUS PGRI Cibinong, Bogor Regency, to create a conducive school environment for the implementation of student character education. The success of this school has been recognized nationally so that it becomes a reference school or a comparative study destination for schools in Indonesia in the implementation of character education.

Psychometric evaluation of the perceived nursing student's Incivility questionnaire.

AimStudent's uncivil behaviour is one of the most common problems in the educational setting, including nursing schools. It is essential to develop tools for measuring the uncivil behaviour of nursing students to solve this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire among the Iranian community.DesignIn this methodological study, perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire was completed by 360 nursing students and 121 nursing faculty members.MethodsSampling was done from October 2019–November 2019. Content and construct validity of the questionnaire were evaluated. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients and composite reliability. The construct validity of nursing student's perceived incivility was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsContent validity index 0.88 for the whole instrument. The three factors of violent behaviours, irresponsible behaviours and unsound behaviours explained more than 51.485% of the variance. Factor structure extracted using model fit indices (PCFI = 0.763, PNFI = 0.732, CMIN/DF = 2.501, RMSEA = 0.056, GFI = 0.941, AGFI = 0.918, CFI = 0.935) and convergent validity were also confirmed. Internal consistency and composite reliability were estimated to be more than 0.7. The results showed that Iranian perceived nursing student's incivility questionnaire is a three‐dimensional construct with good validity and reliability.