Irreparable Harm Research Articles

Etiology and Exercise Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Objective: As a result of peripatellar pain or anatomical or biomechanical anomalies in the anterior knee, patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a knee injury that can be made worse by weight-bearing activities like climbing and descending stairs. According to long-term follow-up studies, patellofemoral arthritis may eventually develop in 45% of PFPS patients who do not receive prompt and efficient treatment in the early stages, causing irreparable harm that may significantly impair the patient's quality of life. In order to prevent injuries, enhance daily life activities and athletes' sporting performance, it is important that we understand the mechanism and exercise treatment of PFPS. Methods: We reviewed the China Knowledge Network (CNKI) and PubMed life science database, searched for the terms "patellofemoral pain syndrome," "patellar tenderness," "running knee," and "anterior knee pain," and summarized the pertinent research. Results: Its cause is still unknown, and its etiology is complicated, with the main contributing factors being poor lower extremity function, decreased muscle strength, lack of flexibility, and impaired neuromuscular control. The majority of exercise therapy currently performed includes training the hip, knee, core, retraining the gait, and blood flow restriction training. The impact of the condition may depend on quick and efficient interventions. Conclusion: Exercise therapy had the strongest evidence base, particularly for the positive effects of either single hip or knee muscle strength training or a combination of the two, according to systematic evaluations that came to conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions. However, there was insufficient evidence to determine the ideal form of training and long-term effects. Contrarily, there is still scant evidence to support interventions such as gait retraining, blood flow restriction training, and core stability training. When it comes to selecting a course of treatment, a combination of treatments is typically advised and chosen in accordance with the precise evaluation of the patient's condition.

Entomopathogenic Potential of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 for the Biological Control of Termite Damage in Wooden Architectural Buildings of Korean Cultural Heritage.

Biocontrol strategies are gaining tremendous attention in insect pest management, such as controlling termite damage, due to the growing awareness of the irreparable harm caused by the continuous use of synthetic pesticides. This study examines the proteolytic and chitinolytic activities of Bacillus velezensis CE 100 and its termiticidal effect through cuticle degradation. The proteolytic and chitinolytic activities of B. velezensis CE 100 systematically increased with cell growth to the respective peaks of 68.3 and 128.3 units/mL after seven days of inoculation, corresponding with the highest cell growth of 16 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The in vitro termiticidal assay showed that B. velezensis CE 100 caused a rapid and high rate of termite mortality, with a median lethal time (LT50) of >1 h and the highest mortality rates of 91.1% and 92.2% recorded at 11 h and 12 h in the bacterial broth culture and crude enzyme fraction, respectively. In addition to broken setae and deformed sockets, termites treated with the bacterial broth culture exhibited degraded epicuticles, while the crude enzyme fraction caused severe disintegration of both the epicuticle and endocuticle. These results indicate the tremendously higher potential of B. velezensis CE 100 in the biological control of subterranean termites compared to the previously used entomopathogenic bacteria.

Modern Problems of Combating Juvenile Substance Abuse

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the most pressing problems of our time – the fight against the use (inhalation) of non-narcotic intoxicating substances (sniffing) by minors. This harmful phenomenon is becoming more widespread among minors in all regions of the Russian Federation, causing irreparable harm to the life and health of children. The authors analyzed statistical information on crimes committed by minors in a state of toxic intoxication, paid attention to the consideration of some urgent problems of the lack of legislative regulation of the activities of combating the use of non-narcotic intoxicating substances by minors.

THE SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF OBLIGATIONS ARISING DUE TO MORAL DAMAGE AND THEIR ANALYSIS IN JUDICIAL PRACTICE

The article deals with the problems of current legislation in the field of compensation for moral damage, in particular, the subject composition of persons involved in non-material legal relations is highlighted. The relevance of the article is due to the importance of the existing problem in modern civil legislation and judicial practice. Since moral harm is irreparable harm, therefore such harm must be compensated within the framework of the fundamental provisions and positions of the improvement of the law. As amended by the adopted law, the earlier resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 10 of December 20, 1994 "Some issues of the application of legislation on compensation for moral damage" was replaced by a new resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 33 dated November 15, 2022, which has become much broader in its content and legal regulation. The purpose of the article is to analyze judicial practice and highlight the subject composition of obligations related to compensation and compensation for moral damage. Materials and methods. The realization of the research goal was achieved with the help of general scientific (analysis, synthesis) and private scientific (formal legal, comparative legal) methods. Results. The study of the subject composition showed the diversity of those legal relations and situations in which the subjective rights and obligations of the parties are realized, however, according to the author, significant gaps remain in the issues of compensation for moral damage caused to the life and health of citizens. Of course, the legal analysis of the obligations of compensation for moral damage presupposes, on the issue under consideration, further amendments to the legislation, the formation of more effective law enforcement practice of the courts. Conclusions. The above suggests that there is a duality of approach to the qualification of the norms of the institution of moral harm, to its size and criteria, the conclusion is supported by various examples from the practice of the courts and the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The Fast Fashion Industry: Formulating the Future of Environmental Change

This Note focuses on the harmful environmental impacts the fast fashion industry has created, and continues to create, on our planet. In the 1960s, consumer attitude towards clothing shifted drastically when demand for new, disposable clothing skyrocketed. These choices led fashion retailers to give life to the environmentally detrimental breed of “fast fashion.” Moving production from a domestic to an international level, increasing the amount of clothing collections on a yearly basis, and lack of transparency in supply chain are just a few examples of the dangers this industry has created for our planet. The fast fashion industry in particular is one that has been overlooked for decades, now only in focus due to the almost irreparable harm it has caused on a transnational level. No clear, collective legal definition exists for “sustainability” in the fashion industry. This Note explores, analyzes and compares current and potential fashion-specific legislation, domestically and internationally, that has not only created definitions but policies going forward for collective action. This Note focuses on the “four c’s”: compliance, caliber, consumers and circularity. These “c’s” create a broad answer as to how some of this environmental damage can be stopped going forward. The solution lies in collective transparency as well as a circular economy. The growth of investment in companies who value environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards has allowed consumers to change past behaviors toward a circular economy. It is vital that consumers invest in spaces they know are working towards a better future, in all aspects.

Down but not defeated: Clinicians can harness the power of policy for LGBTQ+ rights

The legal and medical rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) and other gender and sexual minority (GSM) youth are under attack in the United States. Approximately 160 anti-LGBTQ+ bills were proposed across the United States during the 2021 legislative session, with 70% of states considering at least one anti-LGBTQ+ bill. Over one hundred of the proposed bills specifically target transgender youth and have already resulted in the prohibition of nearly 85,000 13–17-year-old trans youth from participating in sports as their affirmed gender. Such legislation directly impacts the health of youth including in Arkansas and Tennessee which passed bills that limit youth access to evidenced-based, gender-affirming care; in February 2022, the governor of Texas directed state agencies to investigate gender-affirming care for trans youths as ‘child abuse’. Despite these anti-LGBTQ+ proposed and passed laws, 22 states have full non-discrimination protections for LQBTQ+ individuals, and 24 states have laws that protect LGBTQ+ students from bullying on the basis of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Civil rights policies have the power to grant protections to LGBTQ+ youth under the law. Conversely, the rollback of those liberties may lead to irreparable harm and preventable deaths. The consequences of anti-LGBTQ+ legislation can additionally deleteriously affect local and state economies as companies and organizations move to supportive communities. Clinicians can, and should, play an important role to engage stakeholders and advocate for LGBTQ+ inclusive policies at the institutional, local, state, and national policy level.

Differentiation of the patient flow during the pandemic

Coronavirus infection is a novel disease that humanity faced at the end of 2019; it claimed a large number of lives and caused irreparable harm to the health of a large number of people. This article discusses a way to differentiate the patient flow during the pandemic, as well as various measures taken by states to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Preserving Manusripts and Heirlooms through Digitization

Library is the indispensable part of educational institution designed to serve educational, cultural, research, recreational information to the users. . Libraries are the places wherever the complete information gathering takes place together with intellectual and our cultural heritage. The collections possessed by the library are affected by numerous environmental factors that ultimately results in irreparable harm to numerous collections. The information embodied in manuscripts is effective however materials used for this purpose cause a true challenge. These manuscripts have proof of facts, their accomplishments, thoughts, work they need done, theories then on, that are essential for human development. These guide the younger generations for ages and should be saved for each coming generations. This article provides a short define of preservation strategies adopted to protect the manuscripts and heirlooms. Preventive measures should be applied with caution and value effective manner. This study explores the current state of manuscripts and the necessary preservation measures, and it provides a strategy for digitizing these cultural cultural assets of India as a means of rescuing them. Manuscript production in India, especially using the SORI method, is also covered in this work. Various institutions involved in archiving and preserving manuscript are also highlighted with historical backgrounds. Various efforts taken in preserving manuscript in digital format in India and abroad are also discussed.

The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) failure to provide payment for invasive FFR has resulted in worse and inequitable Medicare beneficiary healthcare.

The unintended consequences of the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) decision not to pay for invasive diagnostic FFR (Fractional Flow Reserve) has precluded its routine diagnostic use in hundreds of thousands of Medicare Beneficiaries, who suffered inappropriate coronary stent procedures (PCI) that worsened Medicare beneficiaries’ clinical outcomes: 20% of PCI patients have no or uncertain clinical indications but are operated upon, nevertheless, and 33% of potential PCI stenoses are non-ischemic and require no PCI. These unnecessary PCIs, often confounded by aging’s anatomical and comorbid complexities, result in preventable complications, repeat procedures, worse clinical outcomes, unwarranted deaths, and an avoidable $1 billion annual expenditure. The best coronary artery disease (CAD) patient care requires astute clinical assessment coupled with diagnostic physiologic ischemic lesion categorization, which directly links lesion treatment to patient management. CMS’ unrealistic expectation that their bundled payment to a single healthcare provider payment would motivate providers to maximize their profits through efficiently coordinated and improved care was naive; this foolish policy of eschewing invasive FFR payment and expecting providers to absorb the FFR pressure wire’s cost, has inflicted potential irreparable harm on all Medicare beneficiaries. CMS has forsaken its mission to attain the “highest level of health for all people, where everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their optimal health regardless of race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, socioeconomic status, geography, preferred language, or other factors that affect access to care and health outcomes”.

Solving the transport problem as a basis for preserving the ecology of the popular resorts of the Black Sea coast

The ecological situation in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Crimea cannot but cause concerns. Once these resorts were positioned as climatic ones with a strongly marked therapeutic and health-improving climate. Today, we are no longer talking about the healing properties of the climate of these regions. But it is possible to preserve these regions for future generations as centers of medical and health tourism. One of the factors negatively affecting the ecology of the Black Sea resort areas is the expansion of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Waste exhaust gases from running engines of a huge number of motor vehicles that have appeared in recent years on the Black Sea coast (and not only in the summer holiday season) cause irreparable harm to the ecology of popular resort areas. Substantiation of the possibility of creating a zone free of vehicles with internal combustion engines in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Crimea and the Caucasus. To achieve this goal, theoretical methods of scientific research were used: analysis, synthesis and forecasting. The analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the study of the possibility of introducing a high-speed transport system for public and freight transport hyperloop (hyperloop - Eng.) is carried out. A conceptual project for solving the transport problem of the resort regions of the Southern coast of the Crimea is proposed.

Un-yielding: Evidence for the agriculture transformation we need.

There has been a seismic shift in the center of gravity of scientific writing and thinking about agriculture over the past decades, from a prevailing focus on maximizing yields toward a goal of balancing trade-offs and ensuring the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Maximizing crop yields often results in a system where most benefits accrue to very few (in the form of profits), alongside irreparable environmental harm to agricultural ecosystems, landscapes, and people. Here, we present evidence that an un-yielding, which we define as de-emphasizing the importance of yields alone, is necessary to achieve the goal of a more Food secure, Agrobiodiverse, Regenerative, Equitable and just (FARE) agriculture. Focusing on yields places the emphasis on one particular outcome of agriculture, which is only an intermediate means to the true endpoint of human well-being. Using yields as a placeholder for this outcome ignores the many other benefits of agriculture that people also care about, like health, livelihoods, and a sense of place. Shifting the emphasis to these multiple benefits rather than merely yields, and to their equitable delivery to all people, we find clear scientific evidence of win-wins for people and nature through four strategies that foster FARE agriculture: reduced disturbance, systems reintegration, diversity, and justice (in the form of securing rights to land and other resources). Through a broad review of the current state of agriculture, desired futures, and the possible pathways to reach them, we argue that while trade-offs between some ecosystem services in agriculture are unavoidable, the same need not be true of the end benefits we desire from them.

Significance of palliative care for the quality of life for oncology patients

Background and Aim of Study: Oncological diseases are one of the biggest problems that can cause irreparable harm to human health. The significance of various types’ medical care on the quality of life for patients with malignant diseases remains an urgent research problem. The aim of the study: to provide empirical data for the significance of palliative care in supporting the quality of life for patients with gastric cancer. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany. A representative sample of the study subjects consisted of 378 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Comparative analyzes to approaches in cancer prevention, as well as 5-year survival among patients with gastric cancer in Germany, Bulgaria, Japan, and Singapore were used. Results: The majority of the patients in the study sample from Germany died in their homes or in hospices (91.2%), while only a small proportion died in the hospital (8.7%). Based on the international comparison, we concluded that in Bulgaria, the ongoing treatment and care of terminally ill patients differ significantly in terms of their scope, development level and impact on the patients. The 5-year survival rate for stomach cancer in Bulgaria is 3%, which is much lower than in Asian countries, where there is a significantly higher survival rate for this disease: Singapore 10-30%, Japan 12-35%. Conclusions: The significance of the palliative care to support the quality of life for oncological patients has been constantly increasing in recent years. Systemic and long-term palliative care provides the necessary support for quality of life and can affect the 5-year survival of oncological patients. This is confirmed by our study in Germany, where rates are 28-30%. The authors recommend providing professional, high-quality palliative care as needed to ensure quality of life for patients with malignant diseases.

Goals, motives and collisions of women's running practices in the light of gender approach

According to the ideas dominating in scientific discourse, female stayers of the twentieth century had to overcome gender stereotypes for a long time and in a tense struggle, according to which long running deprives them of "femininity" and threatens reproductive function. The article shows that the reasons for the long negative attitude of society towards physical culture and sports women's running are much more diverse and historically deepened, they go far beyond the sphere of training and competitive activity and "pure" physiology, having a socio-culturally determined ideological basis. The objectives of the article: to determine the types of women's running practices; to analyze the goals and motives of the running activities of their participants; to identify the causes of social conflicts generated by these practices and ways to overcome them. The main types of women's running practices are ritual competitive and out-of-competition running, festive competitive running, wellness and sports running. Running was used by women to achieve the following goals: marriage, material reward, pleasing the gods, transition to a new social group, magical influence, emancipation, physical development and setting records. The motives of running practices were gaining patronage, ensuring the well-being of the community, confirming their gender and age fullness, acquiring magical abilities, overcoming the scarcity of life, health care, self-realization, achieving equality with men in competitive activities and opportunities provided by society to outstanding athletes. The collisions of women's running practices are mainly associated with the mythological, religious and philosophical misogyny of traditional societies and gender stereotypes of modern times, according to which prolonged running locomotion does not correspond to the gender expecta-tions of society, the norms of decency and causes irreparable harm to women's health. Largely due to the selfless struggle of runners for equality in realizing their athletic potential, women's identity today is associated not only with femininity, and at the last Olympics in Tokyo, gender parity of participants was achieved for the first time.

Comprehensive assessment of the durability deterioration of asphalt pavement in salt environment: A literature review

With the increasingly extensive application of road engineering, it is inevitable to consider the durability of pavement in harsh environment. In the southeast coastal areas, northwest salt lakes and saline soil areas of China, harsh natural climate conditions and enhanced salt have a significant negative impact on the service life of asphalt pavements. In addition, the durability of asphalt pavement has suffered irreparable harm of the man-made salt environment. In this paper, five typical salt environment characteristics of asphalt pavement has been analyzed. The experimental conditions affecting the durability of asphalt concrete are determined. Then the durability deterioration mechanism of asphalt concrete is discussed under the coupling action of salt and multiple factors. Subsequently, the evaluation methods of asphalt concrete are categorized and summarized using scales for road performance and structure. Finally, according to the degree of salt erosion damage of asphalt concrete, a series of measures to alleviate salt erosion are proposed. The results show that the performance of asphalt concrete suffers significantly in salt environment, and the cohesion of asphalt and the adhesion of asphalt-aggregate interface are key factors in the durability of asphalt concrete. It has beneficial theoretical and practical significance for improving the durability of asphalt concrete under harsh natural environment.

가처분 발령에서 공익(公益) 요건에 관한 검토

In order to get preliminary injunctions in Korea, plaintiffs should show merits of his or her own right and the necessity of injunctive relief. The merits of right correspond to ‘likelihood of success’ requirement of the United States, and the necessities of injunctive relief to both of ‘irreparable harm’ and ‘balancing test’.
 In comparing the requirements for preliminary injunction between Korea and U.S., a conspicuous characteristic is that U.S. Supreme Court holds that ‘public interest’ is one of four requirements for preliminary injunction while Korean Supreme Court does not.
 In this article, I reviewed what public interest means in the context of preliminary injunctions. When (or in which type of cases) does ‘public interest’ appear as a requirement for preliminary injunctions? How different is the intensity of public interest factor according to cases? What kind of impact exists when a party is a government entity? Does the cause of action or requested injunctive relief have influence on the public interest of the case? Above are the topics that this article has dealt.

Application of Face Recognition in E-commerce Security Authentication in the Era of Big Data

Although Internet technology brings invaluable benefits to all walks of life, the security of network and information is becoming more and more prominent. The leakage of personnel information caused by Internet security incidents causes irreparable harm and loss to individuals or enterprises. E-commerce is a virtual transaction mode based on Internet technology. Its security requirements for transactions are more stringent than those for traditional transaction modes. Traditional identity authentication technology can no longer meet its security needs. People urgently need a reliable identity authentication system, meaning to ensure the security of e-commerce. According to the actual application scenarios of the algorithm in e-commerce, this paper, based on the research on face recognition technology, focuses on the in-depth research on face detection technology under the background of big data in order to introduce face recognition technology in this paper. This paper proposes a feature-based face matching algorithm. The face image is preprocessed to improve the accuracy of real-time face detection and reduce the false detection rate. Based on the research of traditional facial feature extraction technology, a virtual sample set that can effectively support a traditional facial feature extraction algorithm is constructed to solve the problem of insufficient training samples in practical applications. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the method in this paper can reach up to 79.5% and that the minimum time consumption is only 0.142 s. Compared with the traditional method, the accuracy rate is higher and the time consumption is shorter.

“The Robe of Righteousness”: Exilic and Post-Exilic Isaiah in The Book of Mormon

“The Robe of Righteousness”: Exilic and Post-Exilic Isaiah in <i>The Book of Mormon</i>

Moral Principles of the Criminal Procedure in the context of Digitalization: Fundamental Inviolability or Inevitable Transformation

Large-scale digitalization of social processes covers more and more areas of human activity, including criminal justice. At the same time, in the context of digitalization and likely digital transformation, it is important to preserve the moral basis of criminal proceedings. The paper discusses the degree of stability of the moral foundations of the criminal procedure in the face of the latest digital trends, analyzes the likelihood of changes in the system of moral principles in criminal proceedings in the context of digitalization. The author concludes that domestic criminal justice is at the initial stage of digitalization. At the moment this process does not pose serious threats to its moral principles. As various information and technological innovations (artificial intelligence, robotics, neural networks, etc.) are introduced into the criminal procedure, the risk of undermining its moral foundations increases significantly. Thus, the safety of moral principles in criminal proceedings is directly dependent on the limits of its digitalization. In general, it is possible to ensure the security of the fundamental provisions of the criminal procedural legislation, which are based on moral norms, if important conditions of a humanistic nature are observed in the process of introducing digital technologies. The use of a technocratic approach in the course of digitalization of criminal proceedings can cause irreparable harm to the moral and legal foundations of criminal procedure.

기후난민의 인권 보호 — 강제송환금지원칙을 중심으로 —

The global community is facing extreme weather events due to climate change and environmental degradation. There are alarming reports that the number of environmentally displaced persons will increase exponentially. However, there is no internationally agreed terminology or definition regarding people who have left their homes due to environmental reasons. There are differing opinions regarding whether these people are persecuted, and thus can be entitled to a refugee status under the 1951 Refugee Convention. Despite the controversy, international agencies including the UN have proposed ways to protect people displaced from their homes due to environmental reasons via international refugee law and international human rights law. In particular, in 2020, the UN Human Rights Committee in Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand case adopted the view that people must not be sent back to countries where there is a real risk of irreparable harm to their right to life upon return to their home countries, including torture, ill-treatment and other serious human rights violations, which will trigger the the obligation of non-refoulement on States. This decision is hailed as a landmark decision that opens up the road to protect people whose life is threatened due to climate change. Although UNHRC’s decision is not binding in nature, it has indeed influenced courts in other countries including the Italian Supreme Court and Bordeaux Court of Appeals. Climate change and environmental crisis is no longer a localized issue, and is happening simultaneously all around the world. Korea is no exception. Despite the fact that Korea is also a signatory to the Paris Agreement, 1951 Refugee Convention and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, there have been little discussion on this topic. The UN Human Rights Council has recently recognized that having a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is a human right. Against this backdrop, Korea, as a responsible member of the international community that upholds human rights must start drawing up policies to accommodate environmentally displaced persons.

COUNTERFEIT AND FALSIFIED MEDICINES: TODAY’S CHALLENGES AND SMART SOLUTIONS

In any democratic country, special attention is paid to health protection, as a result of which, through organisational, financial, economic, and legal institutions, the state ensures and maintains the health protection of the population at the sufficient level. The purpose of the study is to examine the existing problems in the field of providing the population of Ukraine with high-quality medical drugs. The research methodology is a set of cognitive tools and methods, the use of which allowed for obtaining the most objective information about the existing problem processes and phenomena in the field of providing the population of Ukraine with high-quality medicines. Considering the critical state of the health care sector of the population of Ukraine, the study analyses legal regulations that focus on problematic issues in the health care sector of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the need to provide the population of Ukraine with affordable and high-quality medicines that must meet the best European and international standards. Statistical data on the facts of the detection of counterfeit medicines are presented, and actors on this issue are analysed. It is noted that counterfeit and falsified medicines cause irreparable harm to the health of people all over the world, such illegal actions threaten the economy and security of the state, cause economic and financial damage to manufacturers of medical medicines, undermine their image, and harm the owners of intellectual property rights. It is noted that public relations in the field under study concern legal mechanisms related to unfair competition, which negatively affects the image of the state, and the activities of both Ukrainian and foreign business entities. It is noted that since intellectual property in its nature and content is closely linked to the growth of the economy, there is a need for more effective steps by the state to prevent violations of intellectual property rights. The results of the study, and parts of it, can be useful for both lawyers and government agencies that struggle with unfair competition in the field of medicines.