Irregularity Coefficients Research Articles

Investigation of the Causes of Soft-Storey and Weak-Storey Formations in Low- and Mid-Rise RC Buildings in Türkiye

This study investigates the causes of soft-storey and weak-storey formations in low- and mid-rise RC (Reinforced Concrete) buildings in Türkiye. In the first phase of the study, 96 model buildings were designated for the examination of soft-storey irregularity when the ground floors are used for commercial purposes and the upper floors for residential use. The ground floor heights that would cause soft-storey irregularity in each of the selected buildings were determined according to the formulas given in the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard (ASCE). It was found that the ground floor heights obtained according to ASCE are usable in practice, whereas those obtained according to the TBEC, particularly for buildings over three storeys, are excessively high for practical use. This indicates that, even if the buildings in Türkiye are designed with very high ground floor heights, they do not have soft-storey irregularities, according to the TBEC, but soft-storey formation may occur in these buildings due to the high ground floor height as a result of the effects of earthquakes. Instead of the soft-storey irregularity coefficient limit value (nki > 2) found in the TBEC, this study proposes a new limit value to prevent the design of buildings with very high ground floors. In the second phase of the study, for the purpose of examining weak-storey irregularity, 105 model buildings differing in their infill wall layout, number of spans, span length, and number of storeys were selected. The weak-storey irregularity coefficients of each of these models were determined according to the TBEC. The results of the study revealed that buildings with no infill walls in one direction or with infill walls in only one of the exterior axes in one direction have a high risk of having weak storeys.

Design optimization of irregularity RC structure based on ANN-PSO

Seismic design principles advocate for simple and regular structures to minimize earthquake damage. However, this frequently does not lead to unique and aesthetically pleasing designs, leading some engineers to select irregular structures despite the potential risks. The primary aim of this investigation is to achieve the optimal design of torsional irregularity coefficients for planar irregular reinforced concrete (RC) frames under static and dynamic loads, utilizing a 3D 6-layer model. Structural ground vibration analysis was conducted using the ETABS software. By imposing limits on the torsional irregularity coefficients for each layer of the frame layout, we subsequently applied the combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, namely ANN-PSO, to address the size distribution issue across the structure. The design variables included the dimensions of the columns located in each layer of the layout. The results demonstrate that the ANN-PSO algorithm optimizes the cross-sectional area of columns with significant variations. The coefficients of the torsion inequality rule in the optimized solution closely approach the minimum values. The dimensions and orientations of the optimized columns slightly differ from the pre-optimized scheme. In the optimized scheme, the coefficients of the torsional irregularity in the Y-direction meet the requirements, preventing any torsional irregularities from occurring. The research presented an effective method, including an innovative combination of ANN-PSO and the finite element method (FEM), for designing RC structures. The findings of the research provided a practical solution to fulfill torsional regularity criteria, indicating the proposed approach is an effective method for the economical and safe design of RC structures in earthquake-prone areas. The outcomes of the present study highlighted the innovative framework to achieve optimal and safe designs for irregular RC structures while minimizing torsional damage during earthquakes.

CALCULATED AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ENERGY RELEASE PROFILE IN THE FUEL ASSEMBLY OF THE IVG.1M REACTOR AFTER FUEL ENRICHMENT REDUCTION

Prior to the commissioning of the IVG.1M reactor with low-enriched uranium fuel, experimental studies of reactor characteristics were carried out on physical and energy start-ups, which should confirm the results of preliminary computational studies and the operability of the reactor. This article is devoted to the study of the axial and radial energy release profile in the IVG.M reactor fuel assemblies using in-reactor dosimetry techniques. The experimental results are compared with the results of neutron-physical simulations. The obtained energy release irregularity coefficients can be used in further thermo-technical calculations.

Seismic behavior of LRB and FPS type isolators considering torsional effects

This study aims to investigate seismic behavior of lead-core rubber elastomeric bearing (LRB) and curved surface friction pendulum slider (FPS) base isolated models considering torsional irregularity for typical reinforced concrete buildings. Nonlinear behavior of structural members was considered in analysis models. Total of 1408 different nonlinear time history analyses of 3-dimensional 3, 5, 7 and 9-story models were performed considering 11 spectrum compatible ground motion record pairs. The results indicate that when the rigidity center of base isolator system is not coincided with mass center of superstructure, highest torsional irregularity coefficients were calculated. Lead-core rubber elastomeric bearing type isolators are more sensitive to torsional effects compared to curved surface friction pendulum slider type isolators. Torsional irregularity coefficient values of lead-core rubber elastomeric bearing models with 20% eccentricity are 47% higher than models without eccentricity in terms of averages. The obtained results indicate that significant scatter exists in displacement values of individual ground motion records for all models. Using limited number of ground motion records may lead to inaccurate predictions of seismic demands.

Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Ionospheric Irregularities Derived from Regional and Global ROTI Maps

Major advancements in the monitoring of both the occurrence and impacts of space weather can be made by evaluating the occurrence and distribution of ionospheric disturbances. Previous studies have shown that the fluctuations in total electron content (TEC) values estimated from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations clearly exhibit the intensity levels of ionospheric irregularities, which vary continuously in both time and space. The duration and intensity of perturbations depend on the geographic location. They are also dependent on the physical activities of the Sun, the Earth’s magnetic activities, as well as the process of transferring energy from the Sun to the Earth. The aim of this study is to establish ionospheric irregularity maps using ROTI (rate of TEC index) values derived from conventional dual-frequency GNSS measurements (30-s interval). The research areas are located in Southeast Asia (15°S–25°N latitude and 95°E–115°E longitude), which is heavily affected by ionospheric scintillations, as well as in other regions around the globe. The regional ROTI map of Southeast Asia clearly indicates that ionospheric disturbances in this region are dominantly concentrated around the two equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests, occurring mainly during the evening hours. Meanwhile, the global ROTI maps reveal the spatial and temporal distributions of ionospheric scintillations. Within the equatorial region, South America is the most vulnerable area (22.6% of total irregularities), followed by West Africa (8.2%), Southeast Asia (4.7%), East Africa (4.1%), the Pacific (3.8%), and South Asia (2.3%). The generated maps show that the scintillation occurrence is low in the mid-latitude areas during the last solar cycle. In the polar regions, ionospheric irregularities occur at any time of the day. To compare ionospheric disturbances between regions, the Earth is divided into ten sectors and their irregularity coefficients are calculated accordingly. The quantification of the degrees of disturbance reveals that about 58 times more ionospheric irregularities are observed in South America than in the southern mid-latitudes (least affected region). The irregularity coefficients in order from largest to smallest are as follows: South America, 3.49; the Arctic, 1.94; West Africa, 1.77; Southeast Asia, 1.27; South Asia, 1.24; the Antarctic, 1.10; East Africa, 0.89; the Pacific, 0.32; northern mid-latitudes, 0.15; southern mid-latitudes, 0.06.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREY STEEL STRUCTURES WITH IRRIGATION TO TORQUE ACCORDING TO 2018 EARTHQUAKE REGULATIONS

When observing the consequences of earthquakes, it is accepted that earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in the world. Therefore, special engineering methods are used to explore and analyze the effects of earthquakes on structures and to design earthquake resistant structures accordingly. In applying these methods, it is important to investigate the irregularities in the carrier system correctly. There are six irregularities in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY-2018), one of the most important of which is A1 Torsional Irregularity [TBDY 2018]. In this article, considering TBDY 2018, the dynamic behaviour of structures with different ratios of torsional irregularity in multi-storey steel structures is examined. In a 10-storey steel structure with the same purpose and size, four type models were produced using the central inverted V cross member and changing the cross positions. The Equivalent Seismic Load Method is used in the analysis. Structural analyzes were performed with the "ETABS" finite element program. As a result of these studies; The displacements obtained from the structural analysis of 4 models with different torsional irregularity coefficients due to the cross member placement in various places in 4 buildings with the same dimensions were calculated by the Equivalent Seismic Load method.

2007 VE 2018 TÜRK DEPREM YÖNETMELİKLERİNE GÖRE YEREL ZEMİN SINIFLARININ YAPILARDAKİ BURULMA DÜZENSİZLİĞİNE ETKİSİ

Türkiye’nin büyük bir çoğunluğu aktif deprem kuşakları üzerinde yer almaktadır. Bu zamana kadarbirçok yapı depremin yıkıcı etkileri nedeniyle hasar görmüş hatta göçmüştür. Depremler büyük orandacan ve mal kaybına neden olmuştur. Kaçınılmaz deprem gerçeği, depreme dayanıklı tasarım kavramınıortaya çıkarmıştır. Yapıların, depreme dayanıklı yapı tasarım ilkelerine göre yeterli rijitlik ve dayanımasahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu iki yapısal özelliğin dağılımı ve taşıyıcı sistem simetrik ve düzenli birşekilde oluşturulmalıdır. Ancak mimari nedenlerden dolayı düzensiz yapılar inşa edilmektedir. Yapıgeometrisi ve rijitlik dağılımı bakımından düzensiz olan bu yapılarda burulma düzensizliğigörülmektedir. Burulma düzensizliği, yapının deprem performansını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bunedenle titizlikle araştırılması gereken bir konu haline gelmektedir.Bu çalışmada, Türk Deprem Yönetmeliği-2007 ve Türk Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018’e göre farklı yerelzemin sınıflarının yapılardaki burulma düzensizliğine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Modelleme ve depremanalizleri SAP 2000 programında yapılmıştır. Eşdeğer Deprem Yükü Yöntemi ve Mod Birleştirme Yöntemikullanılarak 5 farklı yapı tipi için 270 adet yapının deprem analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. 4-6 ve 8 katlıyapılar için, farklı zemin sınıflarındaki yapıların burulma düzensizliği katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar,her iki deprem analiz yöntemi ve deprem yönetmeliklerine göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Türk Bina DepremYönetmeliği-2018’de düzenli yapıların burulma düzensizliği katsayıları Türk Deprem Yönetmeliği-2007’egöre azalırken, düzensiz yapıların burulma düzensizliği katsayılarında ciddi bir artış olduğu görülmüştür.Yerel zemin sınıflarının hesaplamalara olan etkisi Türk Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018 ile daha gerçekçihale gelmiştir. Yerel zemin sınıfının Türk Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği-2018’de burulma davranışı üzerindeönemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve burulma düzensizliğine sahip yapıların tasarım ve değerlendirilmesindeyerel zemin sınıfının bu etkisinin dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAIN RAILWAY ON GRAIN TERMINAL

An important component of the production and export of grain is the system of transportation of grain from its producers to grain reloading terminals. Among the means of transportation of grain the leading place is occupied by the railway, which is able to provide uninterrupted multi-tonnage transportation of grain from producers to the places of its accumulation and shipment to sea vessels. However, there are some problems in the internal and external operation of grain terminals, which has necessitated these studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flow of grain from the railway to the grain terminal to improve its efficiency. The object of the study was the technological process of receiving grain from the railway at the grain terminal; The subject of the research was grain crops, as well as data on daily revenues of grain by railway transport at the grain reloading terminal of LLC «Ukrelivatorprom» for three calendar years — from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014. The studies were conducted on the basis of the processing of the data of the invoice logs for each year of the research, which summed up the amount of daily transported grain (net). Further processing of the obtained was performed by the combined graphoanalytical method, for which on the basis of tables for each investigated year the corresponding histograms were constructed and the necessary indicators were determined. It was found that maize had the highest volumes of grain coming from the railways in 2012–2014, followed by wheat in 2012 and rapeseed in 2013–2014. Barley was the third, except for 2013, in which its volumes were the smallest among the main crops that came to LLC «Ukrelevatoprom» in the years studied. It is shown that the major share was occupied by cereals (67.1… 78.1%), followed by oilseeds (15.1…26.7%), and the smallest was occupied by legumes (2.77…6.8%). The duration of the annual grain intake periods, which amounted to 315, 331 and 333 days, respectively, was determined for 2012–2014. Annual, daily average and maximum grain yields were determined, as well as daily and annual irregularity coefficients of grain supply. The actual coefficients of the daily irregularity of the grain input from the railway in the period 2012-2014 were respectively Kdaily = 1.62; 1.86; 1.79, and monthly irregularities respectively K mont. = 1.31; 1,40; 1.35. According to the standards such coefficients have values Kdaily = 2.5 and Kmont. = 2.0, which allows to use them for design and verification calculations of grain terminal equipment in technological processes of grain acceptance from railway transport.

Research of sewage intake of small settlements during the period of rain and snowmelt

Introduction. The coefficients of uneven receipt of waste for settlements with a population of 1000 people used in the design practice, as determined in the process of analyzing the literature data, differ greatly in values, which can lead to significant errors in the calculations in the design of head wastewater treatment plants. At three sites located in the Leningrad Region, wastewater discharge measurements were carried out. Earlier, irregularity coefficients for wastewater in the dry season were determined and a mathematical relationship was proposed to describe fluctuations in the daily irregularity coefficient of wastewater during the year. The authors continued to work towards determining the irregularity coefficients for settlements with a population of 1000 people. Information on irregularity coefficients in the period of rainfall and snowmelt for two objects is given. Materials and methods. To measure the daily flow of municipal wastewater in the village of Bolshaya Dvor and the village of Tsvylevo, Leningrad Region, flow meters ERRAYM ERSV-540F V flow meters were used. A sample of the values corresponding to rainfall and snowmelt was compiled using the available weather archive from 15.12.2016 to 14.12.2017, determined the corresponding coefficients of daily irregularity of wastewater costs. A comparison of data of various objects. Results. The dependence of the daily irregularity coefficient of the snow melting period on the average air temperature is proposed. Results are given on the effect of precipitation and the duration of the preceding drought period on the daily irregularity coefficient during rainfall. Conclusions. The previously developed method for determining the estimated wastewater costs for small objects with a population of 1000 people has been added.

Research of sewage intake of small settlements in dry weather

Introduction. Attempts to apply classical wastewater treatment technologies to small volumes are often impossible due to the high irregularity of wastewater inflows, and fundamental fluctuations in the composition of wastewaters, which are very diverse in comparison with medium and large cities. At three sites located in the Leningrad Region, full-scale measurements of wastewater discharges from settlements with a population of 1000 people and an industrial enterprise were carried out in order to determine the irregularity coefficients of wastewater during the dry season. The irregularity coefficients used in the design practice for such objects differ greatly in their values, as determined in the process of analyzing the literature data, which, when designing head sewage treatment plants, can lead to significant errors in calculations. Materials and methods. Measurement of a daily consumption of sewage flowmeters counters, elimination of improbable values, definition of consumption in dry weather, comparison of these various objects. Results. Mathematical dependences are proposed for describing fluctuations in the daily coefficient of irregularity of waste during the year. It was proposed to describe the weekly fluctuation of expenses with the help of the weekly coefficient of non-uniformity and its values were determined for the studied objects. A method has been developed for determining estimated costs for small objects with a population of 1000 people. Conclusions. The developed technique allows to predict the size of coefficient of daily unevenness within a year in dry weather for small settlements with number of inhabitants of 1000 people and a small share of production drains. It is possible to recommend values of coefficients of week unevenness.

Inequality of water consumption for hygienic and sanitary purposes in production halls

Water consumption in hall buildings is substantial and characterised by variability over the time: yearly, seasonality, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly and second. Both, water consumption and their irregularity, influence on many processes and technical issues. Purposes for which water is consumed are various. Beyond the technological processes, one of the most water-intensive demand is need for water for hygienic and sanitary purposes, especially in production buildings with high degree of soiling work. The paper presents the study of hot water (DHW) consumption and its profile for sanitary and hygienic purposes in two production halls. The halls vary in the degree of soiling work, sanitary equipment and numbers of employees. The aim of this article is to define DHW consumption profiles and hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficient applicable in design process of hot water preparation for hygienic purposes in production buildings. The average daily hot water consumption varies significantly and amounts 7 or 16 m3 respectively to both halls. Despite the discrepancy of sanitary equipment and number of workers the hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficients for both halls are in the similar range, about 2, and daily domestic hot water profiles present typically three main consumption peaks that occur at the end of work shifts.

Exploiting Radio Irregularity for Location Verification in Sparse MANETs

Traditional distance-based location verification system (LVS) is ineffective for some attacks in sparse mobile ad hoc networks, e.g., the similar distance-based malicious (SDM) attack. In this letter, we propose to exploit radio irregularity to build a novel LVS. Our system detects attack based on the estimated difference of radio irregularity coefficients and the claimed locations of the malicious node and an assistant node. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first-of-its-kind that can detect SDM attack and pollution attack with only the received signal strength indicator information transmitted by a detecting node to the suspicious malicious node and an assistant node. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed system can detect the attacks that cannot be detected by traditional distance-based methods.

The irregularity of water consumption in settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants

The article presents an analysis of water consumption in selected settlement units of Lower Silesia and Lubuskie Provinces, with the number of inhabitants varying from less than 200 to more than 8000. Based on data over several years, values characterizing water consumption in individual systems were calculated, i.e., the indicator of water consumption per capita as well as hourly and daily irregularity coefficients. Consumption during various time frames – in individual months of the year, days of the week and hours of the day - was also compiled. The obtained results were the bases for comparison with values provided by Guidelines, which are the basis for calculating for water demand; and Regulation, which is the basis for billing water consumption, as well as with the results of other authors. Tendencies characterizing water consumption in the subsequent years were also indicated. A typical weekly and daily (24-hour) course of consumption was observed, with the course being characteristic of small settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants.

Estimation of transport demand for residential areas according to their location in urbanized areas

Abstract The present article is addressing the method of estimation of transport demand for residential areas located both within the city boundary and outside. Residential areas are represented by traditional residential districts as well as low-rise buildings with land plots including gardeners’ non-commercial partnerships (hereinafter referred to as (GNCP). The proposed method of transport demand estimation is based upon quantitative characteristics stipulating the aforesaid areas functioning. The authors analyze the effect of area remoteness from the city center and from the nearest arterial street. It should be noted that different types of territories are characterized by intrinsic factors affecting the transport demand. For instance, attendance of large shopping-and- recreation centers will depend only on their area size while quantity of visitors in supermarkets and general stores will be influenced by factors like remoteness form city center and from Arterial Street. This article is addressing empirical dependencies which allow estimating transport demand towards residential areas including also residential areas located within urbanized territories. In the practice of transport computations it is important to perceive occurrence of peak and inter-peak periods on which basis the main computations are being fulfilled; quantitative representation of aforesaid periods may be implemented with the use of diurnal irregularity coefficients representing the percent of territory utilization ratio by hours. Comparison of diurnal irregularity coefficients (based on RMSE analysis) may (i) give answer to the question about similarity of functioning of GNCP and urban residential area and (ii) help to substantiate the fact of population permanent residing within GNCP territories which fact will, in its turn, stipulate presence of permanent shuttle migrations fulfilled with labor purposes. The authors performed comparative analysis of Individual Transport (IT) intensity on the basis of proposed empirical dependencies with in-situ measurement of IT intensity which demonstrated high degree of convergence. The authors compared diurnal irregularity coefficients of GNCP and high-rise residential area which demonstrated substantial convergence on the basis of RMSE analysis (R2=0.67) which fact, in its turn, demonstrates considerable functional similarity between GNCP and residential areas located within administrative boundaries of the city.

Torsional irregularity in multi-story structures

The purpose of this study is first to determine the conditions for excessive torsional irregularity and then to discuss the validity of code provisions. A parametric investigation is performed on six groups of typical struc- tures with varying shear wall positions, story, and axis numbers. It is found that torsional irregularity coefficients increase as the story numbers decrease, i.e., maximum irregularity coefficients occur for single-story structures. They reach maximum values when the asymmetrical shear walls are placed as close as possible to the centers of mass. However, the results obtained for floor rotations are quite contradictory. A new provisional definition for torsional irregularity coefficient based on floor rotations is proposed.

Complete description of relations between irregularity coefficients of linear differential systems

We obtain a complete description of relations between the Lyapunov, Perron, and Grobman irregularity coefficients of linear differential systems and between the Lyapunov irregularity coefficients of mutually adjoint linear differential systems.

Heat consumption for preparing domestic hot water in hospitals

This study analyses heat consumption for heating domestic water in large hospital facilities with over 600 hospital beds. The tests were carried out in 2 hospitals: the 715-bed University Hospital in Bydgoszcz and the 690-bed Provincial Hospital. The tests were performed over a period of 4 years: 2005–2008 for the first hospital and 2003–2006 for the second. The aim of this study is to analyse the variations and seasonal changes in the heat consumed to produce domestic hot water during the specified time periods. The results of this study show the yearly, monthly, daily, and hourly consumption of heat for domestic hot water. Particular emphasis is placed on the daily and hourly heat-consumption irregularity coefficients for domestic hot water. The results of this study may be used, for example, to predict heat consumption when designing new hospital facilities with 500–800 beds, to determine the heating power of the heat source and individual centres. Data on the constant and low-temperature heat consumption for domestic hot water throughout the whole year are particularly useful, as these data may be used to analyse existing large hospitals that are seeking alternative solutions (such as renewable energy or energy recycling) to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

On the critical parameter value for the higher sigma-exponent of linear differential systems

where the least upper bound is taken over all possible sigma-perturbations Q corresponding to a given σ > 0 is called [1] the higher sigma-exponent (the Izobov exponent) of system (1). It is well known that the sets of characteristic exponents of the original and perturbed systems (1) and (2) coincide for all σ > 2M ; therefore, the relation ∇σ(A) = λn(A) is valid for such σ. It follows from the results in [2, 3] providing a complete description of the higher sigma-exponent treated as a function of the parameter σ that there exists a unique critical value σ0(A) ∈ [0, 2M ] such that ∇σ(A) = λn(A) for all σ > σ0(A) and ∇σ(A) > λn(A) for 0 < σ < σ0(A). By using the Lyapunov, Grobman, and Perron irregularity coefficients [4, pp. 67, 73; 5, p. 80] σL(A), σG(A), and σP(A), respectively, one can obtain more accurate upper bounds for σ0(A). In particular, it was shown in [6] that the inequality σ0(A) ≤ σL(A) holds, which, by [7], can be strengthened to the estimate σ0(A) ≤ σG(A). If n = 2, then, by [8], we have the even stronger inequality σ0(A) ≤ σP(A), which fails [9, 10] for systems of higher dimension. In the paper [9], the irregularity coefficient σλ(A) was constructed, which is also an upper bound for σ0(A) but, in addition, does not exceed σG(A) and coincides with σP(A) for two-dimensional systems. In the present paper, on the basis of the algorithm constructed in [1] for the computation of the higher sigma-exponent ∇σ(A), we obtain explicit formulas expressing the critical value σ0(A) in terms of the Cauchy matrix XA(t, s) of the unperturbed system (1). Let us introduce related notation. For each m ∈ N, by D0(m) we denote the set of all subsets d of the set {1, . . . ,m− 1} ⊂ N. If d ∈ D (m) is nonempty, then its elements di, i = 1, . . . , s, where s := |d| is the number of elements in d, are assumed to be numbered in ascending order, so that d = {d1, . . . , ds} and 0 < d1 < · · · < ds < m. The class of nonempty sets d ∈ D0(m) is denoted by D (m). We also set ‖d‖ := d1 + · · · + ds for d = ∅ and ‖d‖ := 0 for d = ∅. Furthermore, for convenience of computations, we assume that d0 = 0 and ds+1 = m for all d ∈ D (m). Under these assumptions, we define Ξ(m,d) := ∑s i=0 ln ‖XA (di+1, di)‖, where m ∈ N, d ∈ D (m), and s := |d|.

An investigation of torsionally irregular multi-story buildings under earthquake loading

It is well known that torsionally unbalanced buildings are more vulnerable to earthquake hazards than are the regular structural systems. In this paper, a parametric investigation is presented, in order to observe the amplification in the internal forces, when increased eccentricities are used instead of the ones corresponding to the 5% accidental eccentricity. A series of five, ten-story framed and walled structures, with rather high torsional irregularity coefficients, are selected and a numerical test procedure is applied. Numerical results show that the maximum amplification in the internal forces at the most critical beams and columns at the flexible sides of the structures is about 10%. It is concluded that, more serious measures in the codes are needed in the case of this rather dangerous type of irregularity.