Abstract
Water consumption in hall buildings is substantial and characterised by variability over the time: yearly, seasonality, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly and second. Both, water consumption and their irregularity, influence on many processes and technical issues. Purposes for which water is consumed are various. Beyond the technological processes, one of the most water-intensive demand is need for water for hygienic and sanitary purposes, especially in production buildings with high degree of soiling work. The paper presents the study of hot water (DHW) consumption and its profile for sanitary and hygienic purposes in two production halls. The halls vary in the degree of soiling work, sanitary equipment and numbers of employees. The aim of this article is to define DHW consumption profiles and hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficient applicable in design process of hot water preparation for hygienic purposes in production buildings. The average daily hot water consumption varies significantly and amounts 7 or 16 m3 respectively to both halls. Despite the discrepancy of sanitary equipment and number of workers the hourly water-consumption irregularity coefficients for both halls are in the similar range, about 2, and daily domestic hot water profiles present typically three main consumption peaks that occur at the end of work shifts.
Highlights
The large-cubage buildings belong to the group in which the level of energy consumption is significant and reaches about 400 kWh/(m2·year) [1]
Average daily hot water consumption per person was estimated as 8.5 l what is more than 7 l/person and day recommended in guidelines and handbooks, e.g. [21]
The domestic hot water consumption is an important part of the building energy demand
Summary
The large-cubage buildings belong to the group in which the level of energy consumption is significant and reaches about 400 kWh/(m2·year) [1]. Beyond the demand of large amount of energy, industrial buildings are characterized of high water consumption, freshwater [2]. In year 2011 industrial plants in Poland itself consumed about 651.6 hm of water [3]. The publications [1, 4] present the examples and calculations of water usage and energy needed to prepare domestic hot water in such buildings. These demands depend on the building purposes, the operating schedule, number of people and sanitary equipment. The mentioned literature point out the additional difficulty in energy and water usage calculations caused by the discrepancy in guidelines for domestic water calculations and problems with the estimation of the real water and energy demand
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