Cases of pneumonia associated with poisoning by products of petroleum are presented. Figure 1a (Case 1). Chest film made 12 hours after the ingestion of one-half glass of fuel oil. Small, irregular opacities are evident in both lung fields. The several schools of thought pertaining to the pathogenesis of pulmonary symptoms are discussed, and exemplified by the foregoing cases. The value of chemotherapy and antibiotic therapy is stressed, and is responsible for the relatively low morbidity and the absence of mortality. Attention is directed toward the pulmonary manifestations of cases of poisoning, and roentgenological changes are described.