Irrational Gambling Beliefs Research Articles

Illusion of control or passive superstition? A comparison of two explanations for irrational gambling beliefs.

The "illusion of control" is a dominant cognitive illusion in disordered gambling, but its role in shaping irrational gambling beliefs has been questioned by recent null experimental findings. Here, we aimed to test this recent work, in a preregistered Bayesian framework, by additionally correlating the dependent variable (nonuniform probabilistic beliefs) with self-reported gambling behavior and by exploring "passive superstition" as an alternative driver of these irrational gambling beliefs. A between-participants online experiment involving three boxes, one of which a $1 prize was randomly assigned to (N = 3,064; 49.1% males, 49.5% females, 1.4% other; Mage = 42.5 years). Participants estimated the likelihood of each box winning, with any estimates outside the 33%-34% interval categorized as irrational "nonuniform" probabilistic beliefs. "Preselection" participants gave estimates prior to box selection, "post-no-choice" participants had their box randomly selected, and participants in the treatment "postchoice" condition selected their own box. Whether participants gambled within the past 12 months (gambling status), Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) score, and passive superstition scores were used as additional predictors. Comparing postchoice participants with post-no-choice participants (95% CI [0.80, 1.22]) and comparing postchoice with preselection participants (95% CI [0.88, 1.34]) yielded substantial support for a null effect. Gambling status supported substantial evidence for a null effect (95% CI [0.92, 1.30]), whereas higher PGSI (95% CI [1.08, 1.13]) and higher passive superstition scores (95% CI [1.08, 1.10]) overwhelmingly predicted our outcome. Active choice elements in illusions of control may have been overemphasized in irrational gambling beliefs compared to passive superstitions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Supplemental Material for Illusion of Control or Passive Superstition? A Comparison of Two Explanations for Irrational Gambling Beliefs

Supplemental Material for Illusion of Control or Passive Superstition? A Comparison of Two Explanations for Irrational Gambling Beliefs

Relationship between Social Support and Gambling Problems in Adolescents: Mediating Effect of Anxiety and Moderating Effect of Irrational Gambling Beliefs

Relationship between Social Support and Gambling Problems in Adolescents: Mediating Effect of Anxiety and Moderating Effect of Irrational Gambling Beliefs

청소년 인터넷 도박에 관한 연구 동향

The purpose of this study is to find ways to protect, treat, and prevent the risks of Internet gambling by considering the personal and social environmental characteristics of youth among various social problems in modern society. To achieve the purpose, a total survey was conducted focusing on master's and doctoral theses and academic journals published in Korea from 2018 to March 2023, and a total of 68 papers were analyzed by percentage. As a result, first, the trend by year was the highest with 16 in 2018, and the largest number of academic papers was 12 in 2021, and research is continuing. Second, the most common status by research subject was 43 papers targeting middle and high school students, and 44 research studies by research method type. Third, the trend by research topic was in the order of problem gambling, gambling behavior, gambling addiction, and gambling experience, and the subtype of each research topic was irrational gambling beliefs. Fourth, positive correlations among gambling influencing factors include irrational beliefs, stress, family conflict, and parental neglect, while negative correlations include self-esteem, ego resilience, and family cohesion. A limitation of this study is that it failed to consider various research methods as it was an analysis of existing research on youth internet gambling. In follow-up research, there will be a need to research and develop regulations, preventive measures, and treatment programs related to Internet gambling in a customized manner suitable for various targets.

청소년의 비합리적 도박신념과 도박문제의 관계

The purpose of this study is to find out whether self-control plays a mediating role in the relationship between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. Online illegal gambling is a hot topic as a recent social problem. Variant gambling is permeating deeply in online illegal sites, and this variation induces young people to bet large amounts of money without recognizing that it is gambling by using cute characters they like. Not only adults but also teenagers access illegal gambling sites, fall into gambling, are unable to concentrate on schoolwork, have difficulties with friends, and even commit secondary crimes to pay off gambling debts caused by illegal gambling. In addition, there are cases in which an extreme choice is made after spending a debt through SNS and receiving a collection. As such, the recent increase in gambling problems among adolescents has emerged as a serious social problem. Therefore, in order to find out the seriousness of the youth gambling problem, this study asked 182 general high school and specialized high school students located in ㅇㅇ city, Gangwon-do, where the researcher resides, to ask for permission from the school in advance and allocate time that did not interfere with class time. A total of 59 questions were administered on the Irrational Belief Scale (16 items), the Gambling Problem Scale (9 items), and the Self-Control Scale (34 items). Mediating effects were verified through structural model verification and bootstrap. As a result of the study, there was a significant positive correlation between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. This means that the higher the level of irrational gambling belief, the higher the level of gambling problems. In addition, the relationship between self-control and gambling problems, which were set as mediating variables, showed a significant negative correlation. These results show that the lower the self-control, the more likely you are to fall into a gambling problem. Therefore, according to the correlation results of each variable set in this study, it can be predicted that the higher the level of irrational gambling belief, the lower the level of self-control and the higher the level of gambling problems. In addition, it can be predicted that the higher the level of self-control, the lower the level of gambling problems. Self-control was found to partially mediate the relationship between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling problems. These results suggest that when counseling adolescents suffering from gambling problems, it is necessary to lower irrational gambling beliefs and increase the level of self-control. This study is meaningful in revealing the relationship between adolescents' irrational gambling beliefs, self-control, and gambling problems, and recognizing the danger of adolescent illegal gambling problems and the necessity of continuous youth gambling prevention education in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were made to enable future studies and preemptive responses.

The Relationship between Impulsiveness, Self-Esteem, Irrational Gambling Belief and Problem Gambling Moderating Effects of Gender.

The present study investigated the relationship between impulsivity, self-esteem, irrational gambling belief, and problem gambling and also explored whether the relationships between these constructs are different for males and females. Participants included 563 college students with 259 males (46.0%) and 304 females (54.0%) from Korea. Participants completed a survey. The results showed that 5.3% of students were problem gamblers, while 9.4% were moderate-risk gamblers. The relationships between impulsivity, self-esteem, irrational gambling belief, and problem gambling differed for males and females. For females, greater impulsivity and lower self-esteem predicted higher irrational gambling belief, while higher irrational gambling belief predicted more problem gambling. For males, greater impulsivity predicted higher irrational gambling belief, and higher irrational gambling belief predicted more problem gambling. This finding suggests that different prevention efforts are needed, which will require identifying the variables that affect problem gambling.

Effects of Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking on Gambling Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Beliefs

Effects of Impulsivity, Sensation Seeking on Gambling Behaviors of Adolescents: Focusing on Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Beliefs

아동의 비합리적 도박신념이 도박행동에 미치는 영향 : 스마트폰 중독의 매개효과 및 부모애착의 조절효과

아동의 비합리적 도박신념이 도박행동에 미치는 영향 : 스마트폰 중독의 매개효과 및 부모애착의 조절효과

Predicting future harm from gambling over a five-year period in a general population sample: a survival analysis

BackgroundThere is little longitudinal evidence on the cumulative risk of harm from gambling associated with excess spending and frequency of play. The present study sought to assess the risk of gambling problems over a five-year period in adults who exceed previously derived low-risk gambling limits compared to those who remain within the limits after controlling for other modifiable risk factors.MethodsParticipants were adults (N = 4212) drawn from two independent Canadian longitudinal cohort studies who reported gambling in the past year and were free of problem gambling at time 1. Multivariate Cox regression was employed to assess the impact over time of gambling above low-risk gambling thresholds (frequency ≥ 8 times per month; expenditure ≥75CAD per month; percent of household income spent on gambling ≥1.7%) on developing moderate harm and problem gambling. Covariates included presence of a DSM5 addiction or mental health disorder at time 1, irrational gambling beliefs, number of stressful life events in past 12 months, number of game types played each year, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games.ResultsIn both samples, exceeding the low-risk gambling limits at time 1 significantly increased the risk of moderate harm (defined as ≥2 consequences on the Problem Gambling Severity Index [PGSI]) within 5 years after controlling for other modifiable risk factors. Other significant predictors of harm were presence of a mental disorder at time 1, cognitive distortions about gambling, stressful life events, and playing electronic gaming machines or casino games. In one sample, the five-year cumulative survival rate for moderate harm among individuals who stayed below all the low-risk limits was 95% compared to 83% among gamblers who exceeded all limits. Each additional low-risk limit exceeded increased the cumulative probability of harm by 30%. Similar results were found in models when the outcome was problem gambling.ConclusionsLevel of gambling involvement represents a highly modifiable risk factor for later harm. Staying below empirically derived safe gambling thresholds reduces the risk of harm over time.

청소년의 감각추구 성향이 비합리적 도박신념을 통해 문제도박에 미치는 영향: 도박 접근성의 조절된 매개효과

본 연구는 청소년의 감각추구 성향이 비합리적 도박신념을 통해 문제도박에 미치는 영향과 도박접근성의 조절된 매개효과를 분석하려는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한국도박문제관리센터에서 구축한 자료에서 1,500명의 청소년 표본을 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 PROCESS macro Model 4를 활용하여 매개효과를 분석하고, PROCESS macro Model 14를 활용하여 조절된 매개효과를 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 감각추구 성향은 문제도박에 정적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 청소년의 비합리적 도박신념은 감각추구 성향이 문제도박에 미치는 영향을 매개하였다. 청소년의 감각추구 성향은 비합리적 도박신념을 증가시켰고, 증가된 비합리적 도박신념은 문제도박 수준을 증가시켰다. 셋째, 청소년의 감각추구 성향이 비합리적 도박신념을 통해 문제도박에 미치는 영향은 도박 접근성에 의해 조절되었다. 청소년의 감각추구 성향이 문제도 박에 미치는 영향에 있어 비합리적 도박신념의 매개효과는 도박 접근성이 높을수록 더 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 청소년의 문제도박에 개입하기 위한 다차원적 방안을 논의하였다.

확장된 계획행동이론(ETPB)을 활용한 카지노딜러의 도박행동의도에 관한 연구

This study aims to analyze the effects of casino employees and dealers on game behavior intentions based on the theory of planned behavior and to empirically analyze the expanded behavior by applying the irrational gambling belief variables according to the job characteristics of dealers. The results of the study were as follows: First, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, which are independent variables of the theory of planned behavior, had a significant effect on irrational gambling beliefs. Second, the attitude and subjective norms except perceived behavioral control among the theory of planned behavior had a significant effect on casino game behavior intention. Third, irrational gambling belief had a significant effect on game behavior intention. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor and support casino dealers in the management level so that they can participate in gambling addiction prevention and healing programs and create a healthy casino culture in the workplace.

Gambling Problem by Gambler Sub-Types among College Students in Korea

This study aims to investigate a seriousness of gambling problems by gambler sub-type among college students in Korea. Data were collected from 581 college students of Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheong-do, and Gyeongsang-do area through the questionnaire and a total of 577 questionnaires were statistically processed excluding the questionnaires of missing answers. To analyze the gambling problems by gambler sub-types among college students, a cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Among the 577 respondents of this study, 62.2% had gambling experience and especially 6.1% had illegal gambling experience. The prevalence rate of gambling addiction by the Canadian problem gambling index was 14.0% in this study. A significant statistical difference between gambler sub-types in gender, college grade, spending money, beginning of the first gambling, illegal gambling experience, route to start gambling, self-esteem, impulsivity, and irrational gambling belief was found in this study. The number of respondents who knew free counselling centers when there was a gambling problem was only 20 (3.5%), so it is quite required to carry out preventive education and to publicize free counselling centers for a gambling problem. In case that the respondents have a gambling problem, what they wanted to be supported most was psychotherapy and counseling, family counseling, hospital treatment, group therapy or Gamblers Anonymous meeting, and financial and legal consultation. It is required to continue further surveys on gambling among college students and to take a proper measure preventing a gambling problem.

불법스포츠도박에 내재된 비합리적 도박신념 경험과 도박중독, 일탈행동, 학교생활 간의 인과모형 -청소년을 대상으로-

이 연구는 불법스포츠도박에 내재된 비합리적 도박신념 경험과 도박중독, 일탈행동, 학교생활 간의 인과모형을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 불법스포츠도박 경험이 있는 A지역에 소속된 청소년을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 구체적으로 A지역의 권역에 따라 중학교와 고등학교에서 불법스포츠도박 경험이 있거나 현재 참여하고 있는 학생을 대상으로 유목적 표집과 눈덩이 표집을 혼용하여 360명을 표집 하였으며, 불성실하게 응답하였거나 누락된 대상을 71명을 제외한 289부의 유효 표본을 확보하였다. 연구모형 분석을 위해 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 불법스포츠도박에 내재된 비합리적 도박신념 경험은 도박중독에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 불법스포츠 도박중독은 일탈행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 불법스포츠 도박중독은 학교생활에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 불법스포츠도박 경험에 의한 일탈행동은 학교생활에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 오늘날 불법스포츠도박은 청소년을 비롯하여 현대인들에게 있어 삶의 일부분을 차지하고 있다. 스포츠가 하나의 핵심 콘텐츠로 자리매김하고 있는 현상을 감안할 때, 청소년들에게 불법스포츠도박 아닌 건전한 스포츠의 문화로서 인식되길 바란다. 스포츠를 매개로 한 승부참여형 게임의 재미를 합법화한 것이 스포츠토토이기 때문에 청소년들을 불법에서 합법으로 전환시켜 건전한 스포츠도박 문화를 조성할 필요가 있다.

The Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Beliefs on the Relationship between Impulsiveness and Gambling Behaviors of High School Boys and Girls.

The Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Beliefs on the Relationship between Impulsiveness and Gambling Behaviors of High School Boys and Girls.

Testing an Explanatory Model for Preventing College Students' Problem Gambling

Purpose: A mediated model of Korean college students'' problem gambling based on Blaszczynski and Nower’s pathway model is developed and tested to explore mediating roles of self-control and irrational gambling beliefs in the association between emotionally vulnerable variables and problem gambling. Methods: 273 student participants recruited from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea responded. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, depression, anxiety, coping styles, irrational gambling belief, and self-control. Results: The modified research model provides a reasonable fit to the data. Depression, anxiety, reflective coping, irrational beliefs, and self-control turned out to have direct effects on problem gambling, while indirect effects were reported in some suppressive and reactive styles. These predictors account for 38% of the college students'' problem gambling. Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs for reducing depression, anxiety, irrational gambling beliefs, and increasing reflective coping and self-control are needed to prevent Korean college students’problem gambling.

The relationship between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling behavior: application of autoregressive cross-lagged modeling.

The purpose of this study was to identify the longitudinal causality between gambling beliefs and gambling behavior. An online survey was conducted 3 times across 10 months (January, May, and October) among adult gamblers (N=340) who had more than one year of regular gambling behavior, at least once a month (N=340, 64.7% males). The mean age of the subjects was 40.34 y (SD=0.43). The causality between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling behavior was analysed using autoregressive cross-lagged modeling. Analysis showed that gambling beliefs affected gambling behavior after 5 months (B=0.152, p<0.001), and gambling behavior also affected gambling beliefs after 5 months (B=0.090, p<0.01). These results explain that there is a mutual causality between irrational gambling beliefs and gambling behavior. Thus, the gambling disorder treatment programs should take into account not only cognitive behavioral theory but the cognitive dissonance perspective.

The Moderating Effects of Near Miss on the Relation Between Risk Taking Tendency, Gambling Behavior and Irrational Gambling Belief

The Moderating Effects of Near Miss on the Relation Between Risk Taking Tendency, Gambling Behavior and Irrational Gambling Belief

The Effects of Loss Experience, Negative Emotion and Irrational Gambling Belief on Risk Taking Behavior : Moderated Effect of Impulsivity

본 연구는 도박에서의 손실 경험, 부정 정서, 비합리적 도박신념과 위험감수행동의 관계에 대해 알아보고 이 관계에서 충동성의 조절효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20대 남자대학생 310명 중 충동성 고집단과 저집단을 선별하였고 도박 경험(손실 경험, 본전 경험)을 조작하여 위험감수행동에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 또한, 도박 경험 이전의 부정 정서와 비합리적 도박신념을 통제하고 도박 경험과 충동성 수준에 따른 부정 정서와 비합리적 도박신념의 변화 양상을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 도박에서 손실 경험을 했을 때 위험감수행동이 나타나는데 충동성이 높은 개인에게서 보다 많은 위험감수행동이 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 부정 정서의 경우 손실경험을 한 집단은 본전경험을 한 집단에 비해 부정 정서경험이 높아졌으며, 충동성이 높은 집단은 낮은 집단에 비해 부정 정서 경험이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 비합리적 도박신념의 경우 손실경험을 한 집단은 본전경험을 한 집단에 비해 비합리적 도박신념이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 충동성이 위험감수행동을 높이는 위험 요인임을 밝혔고 부정 정서와 비합리적 도박신념의 변화가 위험감수행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 밝혔다. 논의에서는 본 연구 결과의 의의와 제한점에 대해 제시하였다.

The Relationship between Monetary Motivation and Future Gambling Behavior of Internet Gambling Adolescents : Focus on the Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Belief

The Relationship between Monetary Motivation and Future Gambling Behavior of Internet Gambling Adolescents : Focus on the Mediating Effects of Irrational Gambling Belief

Relationships between Gambling Exposure during the Childhood, BAS/BIS, Irrational Gambling Beliefs, and Gambling Addiction among College Students

Relationships between Gambling Exposure during the Childhood, BAS/BIS, Irrational Gambling Beliefs, and Gambling Addiction among College Students