Irrational Basis Research Articles

Triskaidekaphobia: The Role of the Dreaded 13th Floor in Shaping Investment Preferences in the Indian Residential Real Estate Market

This study investigates the influence of triskaidekaphobia, the fear of the number 13, on investment preferences in the Indian residential real estate market, specifically examining attitudes towards properties on the 13th floor in high-rise buildings. Originating in Western cultures, triskaidekaphobia has transcended cultural boundaries, influencing the Indian market, which is traditionally shaped by a blend of cultural, religious, and socio-economic factors, including beliefs like Vastu Shastra. Using a quantitative research methodology, the study surveyed 500 participants from various demographic backgrounds across India. The findings reveal a significant awareness of triskaidekaphobia among the respondents, with a majority strongly believing in this superstition. This belief translates into a considerable reluctance to invest in properties on the 13th floor, with many respondents and potential developers expressing a preference to exclude or rename this floor. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, indicate a negative relationship between belief in triskaidekaphobia and willingness to invest in the 13th floor. These findings suggest that triskaidekaphobia significantly influences real estate investment decisions in India, reflecting the deep-rooted impact of cultural beliefs on economic behaviors. The study contributes to the understanding of cultural influences in the real estate market and offers insights for real estate developers, urban planners, and policymakers. It highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity in business strategies and the need to consider local beliefs and superstitions in market analyses. The research suggests that addressing the irrational basis of triskaidekaphobia through investor education could open new market opportunities and promote more rational investment choices.

BBP-type formulas — An elementary approach

We provide a simple way of searching for formulas of the Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe type together with an algorithm and an implementation in sage. Aside from rediscovering some already known formulas, the method has been used in the discovery of a new BBP-type formula for 3π. In addition, the implementation is very flexible and allows us to look for BBP-type formulas to irrational bases. As an example of this, searching in various Pisot bases, we have discovered a formula for π in base 1+3, along with additional formulas.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО СУЧАСНІ МІФИ. ПОЛІТИЧНИЙ МІФ ЯК ПРИКЛАДНА МІФОЛОГІЯ

In this article, the author argues that philosophy is a "methodology" of understanding. Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation especially the interpretation philosophical texts. H.-G. Gadamer asserted that methodical contemplation is opposite to experience and reflection. We can reach the truth only by understanding or mastering our experience. According to H.-G. Gadamer, our understanding is not fixed but rather is changing and always indicating new perspectives. The most important thing is to unfold the nature of individual understanding. Hermeneutics is not just "art", but the methodology of "understanding." Accordingly, philosophy is the methodology of understanding and interpretation. Philosophy is a science with its own subject and object. Legal laws are not absolute, therefore they should be interpreted. It is the task of philosophy. Philosophy speaks the language of concepts and evidence. Concepts should be specific, clear, defined. Philosophical work is the formulation of concepts. On the basis of such understanding of philosophy, we will now study the question of "political myth". Scientific exploration is devoted to the study of the concept of "myth" and identifying the essential features of the "political myth". What is "political myth" of modernity? What language is he speaking? What appealed? In this intelligence proved that "political myth" is a communication system that distorts reality. It is established that every "political myth" has its own shelf life and the boundaries of its interpretation. It is confirmed that "political myth" is one of the most effective tools to meet political goals, such as achievement of power and its legitimation. It is proved that political discourse is irrational, and political speeches appeal to the argument of sensuous, not rational. "Political myth" models own "world picture", which is a simplified, taken for granted, self-evident. It is proved that the ability of critical judgment, ability to work with information and qualitative analysis from the mouth of the unbiased media and the expert environment, though not a panacea, but partially negate the "force," "political myth". Myth has an irrational basis, and controls the emotions with the help of stereotypes. The myth creates its own reality and creates the effect of solidarity of the masses. The essence of "political myth" is that he always addressed to specific audiences, takes into account the peculiarities of mentality. A dominant position in the "political myth" plays a stereotype. Any stereotype is formed on the generalizations. What is the difference between the stereotypes and myths? "A stereotype is a label", which is the context, but it there is no story. That is, the stereotype is a form, and the myth is content history. In addition, in this exploration of the role and value of such concepts as "political magic" and "political spectacle" in the context of "political mythology" as applied mythology.

Довіра як політико-психологічний феномен

The article is devoted to the analysis of trust as a political and psychological phenomenon. The focus is on the fact that trust is the value basis of social interaction, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of this interaction is based on the coincidence of values, which, to a large extent, ensures value-oriented unity. It is emphasized that the uniqueness of the phenomenon of trust lies in a peculiar combination of rational and irrational bases of assessments and judgments. It is proved that trust, on the one hand, is the result of a posteriori cognition and follows from experience, is based on analysis and synthesis of events, phenomenas, processes, evaluation of behavior, etc., on the other – is based on irrational motives that rely on intuition, own or stereotyped ideas about the proper, desirable, probable because of its predominantly emotional perception. The role of trust as an important factor of state-building processes in the conditions of national, state self-determination and overcoming of social and political crises is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the role of trust in the process of legitimation of power, the problem of trust in the context of interaction between branches of government, political and state institutions is actualized. It is proved that trust as a political and psychological phenomenon is a powerful factor and regulator of socio-political processes, an element of the architecture of the system of social and institutional interaction and a kind of its provision. In the context of socio-political interaction, the socio-psychological basis for distinguishing between the concepts of "trust" and "faith", "trust" and "distrust" is revealed. The characteristic features and certain functions of trust as a socio-cultural and political-psychological phenomenon are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the cognitive function of trust, in particular, on the need to develop political thinking as an analytical prerequisite for trust and a necessary component of political culture.

Полемика Ф.М. Достоевского с позитивистами и ее значение для русской философской мысли

The study discussed the debate between F.M. Dostoevsky and Russian social and philosophical positivists. F.M. Dostoevsky contrasted the model of rational utilitarian individual which underlay the historical and philosophical constructions of populists with the deep concept of man focused on the irrational basis of human nature. He also rejected the concept of Russian socialism by A.I. Herzen and the populists since, in his opinion, it was based on the elimination of the spiritual and religious dimension of man and limiting man’s interest exclusively to material well-being. The study noted that F.M. Dostoevsky proclaimed the creation of an ideal society on renewed religious principles of a Christ-centric nature. It was concluded that the dispute between F.M. Dostoevsky and positivists restored the ideal of creating a universal human society on religious grounds. This, in turn, contributed to the transition from a positivist paradigm to a metaphysical one in Russian philosophy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Superstition as a mystical basis of hope

The genesis of the irrational projections of the future, which made a unique imprint on the mystical basis of hope, has been discussed in the article. This genesis includes the projections of future starting from superstition and going to simulacra. It has been shown in the article that the emotional impression of meeting with probable non-being gives the rise to rehearsal practices of understanding the existence’s perspectives. Such practices conflict with the dominant worldview, but they are gradually integrating into it now. The rehearsal design is used in the creation of folk traditions, the development of models of daily behavior, as well as it is used in the process of creating the sociality of hope.It has been determined that prejudices and superstitions are developing actively in the interpretation of life and death and are characterized by the interaction of prejudice and taboo regarding the manifestation of the subject of hope. At the same time, the origins of the visionary being the successor of the totem-image in the irrational basis of the future’s projection have been described by the author. It should be noted that prejudices are both a product of the activity of the totem visionary and a means for its further replacement in a non-personalized vacuum of future existence.The epicenter of the existence’s prejudice is an area of double marginality, when the internal exit to the limit of possibilities is followed by complex conditions of existence. It has been found out that modeling and simulacrum become to be the independent predictions, which help to regulate social relationships and form a hyper-real perspective. Special attention has been paid to the influence of scientific and practical prejudices on the development of prospects for the social coexistence.It has been determined that the stereotype is a step on the way to the construction of a universal projection of the existence prospect – future-type prospect. It is presented as a reflection of the future, which is harmoniously implemented into the social space. This collective projection of the future is connected with the determination of the degree and boundaries of person’s personal life and which are developed through the fractalization of a generalized vision of perspective.

Likelihood of confusion: the irrational basis of trade mark protection

Likelihood of confusion: the irrational basis of trade mark protection

MEASUREMENT-EVENTS AS A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF LEGAL LIFE

The article shows the heuristic possibilities of «legal life» concept in the ontological aspect. Sense measurements are considered as the basis of the measurement-effects, which together form the structure of legal life. It is shown that the main measurement-legal phe- nomenon of life is a legal entity. That it forms various ways of interpreting the legal life and advocates a legal condition for life. Phenomenological approach to determine the legal entity as a legal person, which has its own praovovoe consciousness and is able to take an active part in the legal life poserdstvom legal communication.Legal awareness is defined as a multifaceted phenomenon, the core of which is the will to into practice. Analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of an entity, such as «carrier be justice» and «figure to be legal». It is proved that a phenomenological ap- proach allows us to represent the legal norm as a form of meaningful communication between the legal entity and the legal givens of life. Discloses a polymorphism of legal norms through its substantial manifestations – logo, Nomos, ethos. It is shown that the concept of the rule of law reflects the diversity of the legal life and involves a set of values.Examined the legal judgment as the basis of existence of legal norms. Their role – a representation of the given legal life and to ensure communication between the subjects of law. Legal judgments can be formal, logical constructions, and also take the form of sudzheny legal entity. The first type judgment accordingly relates to performative (de- clarative). The second type – motivating judgment (their characteristics are existentiality and intersubjectivity).The possibilities of social experience as the measurement-phenomena of legal life. Firstly, in a repeat of the social experience of resistance expressed manifestations of legal life. In turn, the correlation with the specific pattern of conduct is a prerequisite for the identification of the subject of law. Secondly, in the context of the social experience of legal life is presented as a multi-level system of norms and values, based not only on ra- tional but also irrational basis. Third, the social experience is understood as a form of unfolding scheme of activities in space and time.It is concluded that the measurement-events are part of the content of the legal concept of life. They allow you to define the legal life as a set of legal phenomena, which are due to activity of the subject of law, related to the social experience and embodied in legal norms and values.

Mission-Critical Systems, Paradox of Hamming Code, Row Hammer Effect, ‘Trojan Horse’ of the Binary System and Numeral Systems with Irrational Bases

Mission-Critical Systems, Paradox of Hamming Code, Row Hammer Effect, ‘Trojan Horse’ of the Binary System and Numeral Systems with Irrational Bases

The Importance of the Golden Number for Mathematics and Computer Science: Exploration of the Bergman’s System and the Stakhov's Ternary Mirror-symmetrical System (Numeral Systems with Irrational Bases)

The Importance of the Golden Number for Mathematics and Computer Science: Exploration of the Bergman’s System and the Stakhov's Ternary Mirror-symmetrical System (Numeral Systems with Irrational Bases)

An existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality in the works of Carl Jung and Carl Rogers

This article is the third in a series of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal. In the first article (Kapustin, 2015a) I proposed a description of a new so-called existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality that is implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies that are natural to human beings and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients a person toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and necessitates a search for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients a person toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, onesided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormality of personality interpreted like that is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders — primarily, neurosis. In the second article (Kapustin, 2015b) I showed that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although in more specific cases. In the current work I prove that this criterion is also present in the personality theories of Carl Jung and Carl Rogers, where it is implicitly stated in a more specific way. In the final article I will show that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theory of Viktor Frankl.

An existential criterion for normal and abnormal personality in the works of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler

This is the second in a series of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal. In the previous article I proposed a description of a new so-called existential criterion of normal and abnormal personality that is implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies that are natural to human beings and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients one toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and the necessity of searching for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients one toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, one-sided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormality of personality interpreted like that is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders — primarily, neurosis. In this article I show that this criterion is implicitly present in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although in more special cases. In the following articles I will show that this criterion is also implicitly present in the personality theories of Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Viktor Frankl.

An existential criterion for normal and abnormal personality in the works of Erich Fromm

This is the first of four articles scheduled for publication in this journal on the position people with normal and abnormal personalities take in regard to so-called existential dichotomies. The main objective of this article is to propose a new, existential criterion for normal and abnormal personality implicitly present in the works of Erich Fromm. According to this criterion, normal and abnormal personalities are determined, first, by special features of the content of their position regarding existential dichotomies, and, second, by particular aspects of the formation of this position. Such dichotomies, entitatively existent in all human life, are inherent, two-alternative contradictions. The position of a normal personality in its content orients one toward a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and the necessity of searching for compromise in resolving these dichotomies. This position is created on a rational basis with the person’s active participation. The position of an abnormal personality in its content subjectively denies a contradictious predetermination of life in the form of existential dichotomies and orients one toward a consistent, noncompetitive, and, as a consequence, one-sided way of life that doesn’t include self-determination. This position is imposed by other people on an irrational basis. Abnormal personality interpreted like this is one of the most important factors influencing the development of various kinds of psychological problems and mental disorders — primarily, neurosis. In the following three articles it will be shown that this criterion is also implicitly present in the theories of personality devised by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Viktor Frankl.

A History, the Main Mathematical Results and Applications for the Mathematics of Harmony

We give a survey on the history, the main mathematical results and applications of the Mathematics of Harmony as a new interdisciplinary direction of modern science. In its origins, this direction goes back to Euclid’s “Elements”. According to “Proclus hypothesis”, the main goal of Euclid was to create a full geometric theory of Platonic solids, associated with the ancient conception of the “Universe Harmony”. We consider the main periods in the development of the “Mathematics of Harmony” and its main mathematical results: algorithmic measurement theory, number systems with irrational bases and their applications in computer science, the hyperbolic Fibonacci functions, following from Binet’s formulas, and the hyperbolic Fibonacci l-functions (l = 1, 2, 3, …), following from Gazale’s formulas, and their applications for hyperbolic geometry, in particular, for the solution of Hilbert’s Fourth Problem.

Narratives of French Travelers’ and Adventurer’s of Indian Education System

The French travelers and adventurers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries stated that Hindu philosophy, meteorology, Sanskrit language, literature, history and culture were taught by the Brahmans in schools. Indian education system has been a fascinating domain for the French voyager‟s observation who make compare and contrast with standard, knowledge and rationality of the Orient with Occidental world. Most of the travelers showed in their observations, a kind of superiority in terms of rationality and scientific knowledge of the west in comparison to east. These travelers highlighted a demeaning picture of Indian education system which according to them was based on sluggish, monotonous and irrational basis. The objective of this paper is to narrate the observations made by the French voyagers regarding Indian education system and its implications. Many firsthand French adventurers‟ records have been used in this paper in order to make an assessment of Indian education system by analyzing their records.Keywords: Education system, Vedas and Sanskrit language, Benaras sanctuary, Brahman role, Occident vs. Orient, Orthodox religious implications, Corruptness, Sluggishness, Astrologers

Numbers with integer expansion in the numeration system with negative base

In this paper, we study representations of real numbers in the positional numeration system with negative base, as introduced by Ito and Sadahiro. We focus on the set $\mathbb{Z}_{-\beta}$ of numbers whose representation uses only non-negative powers of $-\beta$, the so-called $(-\beta)$-integers. We describe the distances between consecutive elements of $\mathbb{Z}_{-\beta}$. In case that this set is non-trivial we associate to $\beta$ an infinite word $\boldsymbol{v}_{-\beta}$ over an (in general infinite) alphabet. The self-similarity of $\mathbb{Z}_{-\beta}$, i.e., the property $-\beta \mathbb{Z}_{-\beta}\subset \mathbb{Z}_{-\beta}$, allows us to find a~morphism under which $\boldsymbol{v}_{-\beta}$ is invariant. On the example of two cubic irrational bases $\beta$ we demonstrate the difference between Rauzy fractals generated by $(-\beta)$-integers and by $\beta$-integers.

”Luonnollinen”, konventionaalinen, kulttuurinen

The “Natural”, the Conventional, the Cultural: Problematics of Narration and Sense-giving in the Modernism of Thomas Mann In this article, I appraise the relevance of the narratological distinction between “natural” and “unnatural” narration in the analysis of a specific narrative (such as a novel) by comparing it with Thomas Mann’s understanding of the ”natural”, the cultural and the conventional – especially as they appear in his novel Doctor Faustus. It will be shown how these concepts play a crucial role not only in Thomas Mann’s thinking in general, but also the manner in which he constructs (“composes”) his novels. For Thomas Mann, narration in a realist novel is only apparently natural; in actuality, there is no way of organizing a novel’s materials which could be considered as “natural”. In a sense, the most “artificial” manner in which the entire novel is constructed as a “musical” composition of themes comes closest to the irrational basis of human existence that precedes culture and its conventions: that is, Nature. As a whole, Thomas Mann’s concepts of nature and the natural, the conventional and the cultural are much more complicated and much more deeply attached to German and European thinking in philosophy, the arts, history, politics and religion than the abstractly defined narratological concepts of “natural” and “unnatural” narration which prove to be of little relevance in the interpretation of his complex novels.

Textures on Rank‐1 Lattices

AbstractStoring textures on orthogonal tensor product lattices is predominant in computer graphics, although it is known that their sampling efficiency is not optimal. In two dimensions, the hexagonal lattice provides the maximum sampling efficiency. However, handling these lattices is difficult, because they are not able to tile an arbitrary rectangular region and have an irrational basis. By storing textures on rank‐1 lattices, we resolve both problems: Rank‐1 lattices can closely approximate hexagonal lattices, while all coordinates of the lattice points remain integer. At identical memory footprint texture quality is improved as compared to traditional orthogonal tensor product lattices due to the higher sampling efficiency. We introduce the basic theory of rank‐1 lattice textures and present an algorithmic framework which easily can be integrated into existing off‐line and real‐time rendering systems.

Irrational Basis: The Legal Status of Medical Marijuana

In a growing number of states, medical marijuana occupies a dual legal status. The federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) classifies marijuana as a Schedule I drug, signifying that it has both a high potential for abuse and no acceptable medical use. Patients and physicians are thus subject to the same federal criminal penalties as any other individuals who produce, distribute, or possess marijuana. By mid-2009, however, fourteen states had decided to permit medical marijuana under certain circumstances. Through voter initiatives or legislation, these states have exempted patients and physicians from prosecution for violating state laws governing the use, possession, or cultivation of marijuana. The disparate legal regimes have generated much litigation, including two cases that reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Both cases rejected challenges to federal enforcement of the CSA in California, the state with the most liberal provisions on medical marijuana. Under the Court decisions, federal authorities could continue to take action against patients, physicians, and others who were protected under state medical marijuana laws. Two recent legal developments are more favorable to states seeking to permit medical marijuana, however. First, U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that the federal Drug Enforcement Agency would limit future raids and other enforcement activity to individuals violating both federal and state criminal law. This means that people complying with state medical marijuana laws will no longer be targeted by federal law enforcement officials. Holder said that under his leadership, the agency would focus its efforts on large-scale commercial marijuana operations. (1) In a second development with implications for state marijuana laws, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review a court decision upholding legislation implementing California's medical marijuana law. In 1996, California voters approved Proposition 215, designed to ensure that seriously ill Californians have the right to obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes where that medical use is deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician. (2) Seven years later, the California legislature enacted the Medical Marijuana Program Act to supplement the earlier law. (3) The 2003 law requires counties to participate in a system that enables patients and caregivers to register and obtain identification cards protecting them from arrest for violating state marijuana prohibitions. County versus State versus Federal Authority California officials unhappy with the state's permissive stance on medical marijuana balked at the mandate to create the identification system. San Diego and San Bernardino counties brought a lawsuit seeking a judicial declaration that they were not required to comply with the state's mandate. According to the plaintiffs, the California law was preempted by the CSA, which fails to exempt medical marijuana from the usual criminal penalties. The U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to supersede state law. Over the years, courts have developed principles for determining when federal law preempts state law. Congressional purpose is the central consideration in resolving preemption claims. The easiest case arises when Congress includes in the legislative text an explicit provision on whether the law is intended to preempt state rules. In other cases, courts consider factors such as whether the state law under challenge presents an obstacle to achieving Congress's objectives in enacting the pertinent federal law. In 2008, a California appellate court ruled against the counties, holding that preemption failed to bar implementation of the California identification card program. (4) As the court noted, the CSA itself states that it is not intended to preempt state laws unless there is a positive conflict between [the CSA and state law] so that the two cannot consistently stand together. …

In the search of convergents to [formula omitted

Application of continued fractions in high energy physics is well known, especially via the K.A.M. theorem and mostly for quadratic irrationals. Quadratic irrationals posses a periodic continued fraction expansion. Much less is known about cubic irrationals. We do not even know if the partial quotients are bounded, even though extensive computations suggest they might follow Kuzmin’s probability law. Here a combinatorial approach to the search of convergents is presented. We resort to the adjunction ring Z ( 2 3 ) , representing its elements in the irrational basis ρ = 1 + 2 3 + 4 3 .