Irradiated Sodium Alginate Research Articles

Effects of Spraying Irradiated Alginate on Solanum tuberosum L. Plants: Growth, Yield and Physiological Changes of Stored Tubers

The effect of depolymerized form of sodium alginate, produced by irradiating it by Co gamma rays, studied on two varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. (Bern and Kara) with regard to growth attribute, physiological and biochemical parameters. The study revealed that the irradiated sodium alginate (ISA) applied as foliar sprays with concentration 0.3% had a stimulatory effect on specific morphological parameters and led to increase in plant yield significantly. The total soluble solids (TSS) in treated samples of Bern and Kara varieties before and after storage slightly increase but not reached the level of significance except in Bern variety that remain stable after storage. Significant changes in total phenol concentrations before and after storagecomparing with untreated control samples, except Kara before storage.In addition, there is a significant change in starch content. The changes in elements concentration of potato tubers that produced from plants sprayed by ISA solution indicate that calcium, chlorine, ferrous and magnesium too declined to undetect in magnesium element of Bern variety. Nevertheless, in variety Kara sodium element instead of ferrous decreased. However, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus were increased.

Cumulative role of irradiated sodium alginate and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, biochemical processes and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua

Being the world's most severe parasitic infection, malaria causes more than a million deaths annually. Artemisinin and its derivatives are effective against malaria without any reputed cases of resistance. The drug artemisinin can be extracted from the leafy tissues of Artemisia annua L. Application of ionizing radiation to degrade natural bioactive agents, such as sodium alginate and then using them as growth promoting substances is a novel emerging technology to exploit full genetic potential of crops in terms of growth, yield, and quality. In the present study, sodium alginate, irradiated by Co-60 gamma rays together with various nitrogen doses, was used to study their effect on growth attributes, physiological and biochemical processes and production of artemisinin in A. annua. Of the various applied doses of nitrogen, N80 (80kgNha−1) together with ISA80 (80mgL−1) proved superior in positively regulating almost all the parameters studied. Most importantly, an increase of 38.1 and 80.5% in artemisinin content and yield respectively, was noticed at this treatment.

Comparative study on wheat grains produced from plants treated by irradiated sodium alginate and stored in refrigerator with newly planted on vitality, quality, and their resistance to lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica)

Field experiment was conducted to compare between the wheat grains produced from plants sprayed by 1% solution of irradiated Na- alginate )ISA) stored in refrigerator for 30 months with those planted recently on vitality, quality and resistance to injury by Rhyzopertha dominica invasion. It was observed that untreated stored grains T1 decreased germination percentage about 15% comparing by newly planted control (T) and the depress in the stored treated grains were 7, 2 & 3% in 80 (T2), 120 (T3), and 160 (T4) kGy, respectively. While insignificant changes for the aforementioned treatments in concern to germination rate observed. The best growth characters were observed in T4. The highest soluble sugar, total carbohydrates and total amino acids were detected in T3. In entmology experiment it was noticed that all treatments had a range of resistance to R. dominica injury under laboratory conditions. The resistance cannot be attributed to grain size, but attributed to infestation percentage and frass weight. The most resistance found in stored grains (T3 and T2), respectively, in general non-stored seeds was more resistance to R. dominica than those stored in refrigerator. Moreover, (ISA) treatments had an inhibitory effect on insect amylase which varying from 85.6% - 56.1% and invertase which varying from 67.3% - 6.8%. Except pest tested with stored grains (T4) at low temperature showed an increase 13.5% and 20.6% in amylase and invertase activity, respectively. Irradiated sodium alginate preserved grains survival after long storage period especially T3 followed by T4. Also,using ISA before sowing stimulate the growth and yield.

Irradiated sodium alginate improves plant growth, physiological activities and active constituents in Mentha arvensis L.

Irradiated sodium alginate improves plant growth, physiological activities and active constituents in Mentha arvensis L.

Gamma irradiated sodium alginate induced modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and production of essential oil and citral content of lemongrass

The role of irradiated sodium alginate (ISA) as plant growth promoter and in essential oil production was studied in lemongrass, which is a major source of the natural citral. Irradiated sodium alginate has been known as plant growth promoter for various crops. A pot experiment was conducted on lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats.] according to a Complete randomized block design, to study the effect of six levels of ISA viz. 20, 40, 60, and 80mgL−1 on the basis of growth, content and yield of essential oil and citral content. Growth, biochemical and quality parameters were determined at 120 and 150 days after planting. The effect of ISA application on all the parameters including essential oil production and content and yield of citral was significant at all the growth stages. ISA-60mgL−1 proved the best for most of the parameters studied. GPC study revealed formation of lower molecular weight oligomers in irradiated samples, which might be responsible for plant growth promotion in the present investigation.

Enhancing the growth, photosynthetic capacity and artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L. by irradiated sodium alginate

Degrading the natural bioactive agents by ionizing radiation and then using them as growth promoting substances is a novel emerging technology to exploit the genetic potential of crops in terms of growth, yield and quality. Polysaccharides, such as sodium alginate, have proven to be wonderful growth promoting substances in their depolymerized form for various plants. The effect of depolymerized form of sodium alginate, produced by irradiating the latter by 60Co gamma rays, was studied on Artemisia annua L. with regard to growth attributes, physiological and biochemical parameters and artemisinin content. The study revealed that the irradiated sodium alginate (ISA), applied as leaf-sprays at a concentration of 20–120 mg L −1, improved the growth attributes, photosynthetic capability, enzyme activities and artemisinin content of the plant significantly. Application of ISA at 80 mg L −1 increased the values of the attributes studied to the maximum extent. The enhancement of leaf-artemisinin content was ascribed to the ISA-enhanced H 2O 2 content in the leaves.

Brève. Utilisation du tadalafil dans le traitement de l’HTAP – Résultat de l’étude PHIRST

In order to study the growth promotion behavior of sodium alginate (SA) on vegetable (red amaranth, Amaranthus cruentus L.), 3% aqueous solution of SA was irradiated by γ-radiation (Co-60) of various total doses (12.5–50.0 kGy) at a dose rate of 3.5 kGy/h. Viscosity of the irradiated SA was found to decrease with increase in the radiation dose. The average molecular weight was also decreased from 104 to 103 orders. Red amaranth was cultivated in 18 different individual plots and SA solution (150 ppm) was applied on red amaranth after 10 days of seedlings at every 6 days interval. The morphological characters of vegetables were studied randomly in different unit plots. The irradiated SA of 37.5 kGy at 150 ppm solution showed the best performance. Dry matter of red amaranth significantly increased at 37.5 kGy of irradiated alginate treatment which was about 50% higher than that of the untreated samples. The effect of SA on red amaranth was found significant increase; i.e. plant height (17.8%), root length (12.7%), number of leaf (5.4%) and maximum leaf area (2%) compared to that of the control vegetative plant production.

Effect of gamma irradiated sodium alginate on red amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus L.) as growth promoter

In order to study the growth promotion behavior of sodium alginate (SA) on vegetable (red amaranth, Amaranthus cruentus L.), 3% aqueous solution of SA was irradiated by γ-radiation (Co-60) of various total doses (12.5–50.0 kGy) at a dose rate of 3.5 kGy/h. Viscosity of the irradiated SA was found to decrease with increase in the radiation dose. The average molecular weight was also decreased from 10 4 to 10 3 orders. Red amaranth was cultivated in 18 different individual plots and SA solution (150 ppm) was applied on red amaranth after 10 days of seedlings at every 6 days interval. The morphological characters of vegetables were studied randomly in different unit plots. The irradiated SA of 37.5 kGy at 150 ppm solution showed the best performance. Dry matter of red amaranth significantly increased at 37.5 kGy of irradiated alginate treatment which was about 50% higher than that of the untreated samples. The effect of SA on red amaranth was found significant increase; i.e. plant height (17.8%), root length (12.7%), number of leaf (5.4%) and maximum leaf area (2%) compared to that of the control vegetative plant production.

Gamma-irradiation of lyophilised wound healing wafers

Lyophilised wafers are being developed as drug delivery systems that can be applied directly to the surface of suppurating wounds. They are produced by the freeze-drying of polymer solutions and gels. This study investigates the possibility of sterilising these glassy, solid dosage forms with gamma-irradiation and determining the rheological properties of rehydrated wafers post-irradiation. One series of wafers was formulated using sodium alginate (SA) modified with increasing amounts of methylcellulose (MC), the other being composed of xanthan gum (XG) and MC. Batches were divided into three lots, two of which were exposed to 25 and 40 kGrays (kGy) of Cobalt-60 gamma-irradiation, respectively, the third being retained as a non-irradiated control. Apparent viscosities of solutions/gels resulting from the volumetric addition of distilled water to individual wafers were determined using continuous shear, flow-rheometry. Flow behaviour on proprietary suppurating surfaces was also determined. Large reductions in viscosity were apparent for irradiated SA samples while those of XG appeared to be largely unaffected. In addition, an increase in the yield stress of xanthan formulations was observed. Xanthan wafers appeared to withstand large doses of irradiation with no detrimental effect on the rheology of reconstituted gels. This offers the possibility of manufacturing sterilisable delivery systems for wounds.