Radiation In Region Research Articles

Assessment of jaw osteonecrosis diagnostic criteria in cancer patients with a history of radiation therapy and exposure to bone-modifying agents

BackgroundOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is currently defined by the development of osteonecrosis in head/neck irradiated patients, regardless of lesion exposure. To diagnose medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), a history of any radiation therapy to the jaw region must be ruled out. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of current osteonecrosis criteria, while introducing new modifications for improved diagnosis and treatment. MethodsOne hundred and forty-one necrotic lesions were analyzed from patients exposed to bone-modifying agents (BMAs) and/or received head and neck regional radiation therapy, where the maximal dose of radiation exposure to the jaw osteonecrosis site was calculated. Modified diagnostic criteria were used to reassess all cases and a comparison of outcomes was performed using Pearson’s Chi-Square/Fisher’s exact test. ResultsOnly in patients with primary head and neck carcinomas did the maximal mean radiation dose in the necrotic jaw site reach ranges associated with ORN formation (>40 Gy), with individual cases showing exposures as low as 0–2 Gy. Based on the modified diagnostic criteria almost 2/3 of the necrotic cases diagnosed as ORN should be diagnosed as MRONJ. ConclusionsORN diagnosis should only be considered in cases of radiation exposure >40 Gy to prevent misdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment. A modified criterion for MRONJ diagnosis is recommended where radiation exposure <40 Gy in the necrotic site is included. In cases with exposure >40 Gy and BMA administration, an additional modification to diagnostic criteria of ‘medication- and radiation-related osteonecrosis of the jaw’, should be used.

Surveillance for radiation-related late effects in childhood cancer survivors: The impact of using volumetric dosimetry.

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiation‐related screening guidelines for survivors of childhood cancer currently use irradiated regions (IR) to determine risk for late effects. However, contemporary radiotherapy techniques utilize volumetric dosimetry (VD) to determine organ‐specific exposures, which could inform need for late effect surveillance.MethodsThis cross‐sectional cohort study involved patients treated for cancer using computerized tomography‐planned irradiation at Children's Hospital Los Angeles from 2000–2016. Organs at risk were identified using both VD and IR. Under each method, Children's Oncology Group Long‐Term Follow‐Up Guidelines were applied to determine radiation‐related potential late effects and their correlative recommended screening practices. Patients served as their own controls. Mean number of potential late effects per patient and recommended screening practices per patient per decade of follow‐up were compared using paired t‐tests; comparisons were adjusted for diagnosis and gender using random effects, repeated measure linear regression.ResultsIn this cohort (n = 132), median age at end of treatment was 10.6 years (range, 1.4–20.4). Brain tumor was the most common diagnosis (45%) and head/brain the most common irradiated region (61%). Under IR and VD, the mean number of potential late effects flagged was 24.4 and 21.7, respectively (−11.3%, p < 0.001); concordance between the two methods was 6.1%. Under VD, the difference in mean number of recommended screening practices per patient was −7.4% in aggregate but as large as −37.0% for diagnostic imaging and procedures (p < 0.001 for both).ConclusionUse of VD rather than IR is feasible and enhances precision of guideline‐based screening for radiation‐related late effects in long‐term childhood cancer survivors.

Focused ion beam irradiation for generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures

Skyrmions provide high potential for low power magnetic computing. However, we are lacking methods for the controlled nucleation of skyrmions in magnetic thin films. We present a procedure for a controlled generation of skyrmionic bubble like structures (SBSs) at well-defined spots by focused ion beam (FIB) irradiation of magnetic multilayers. Series of Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/W multilayers with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) were sputtered and optimized with respect to the domain structure and development under magnetic field. Applying an external magnetic field pulse of specific strength to a sample in both the demagnetized domain state and the uniform ferromagnetic state results in the condensation and nucleation of bubbles, respectively. In multilayer films, SBSs form randomly across the sample. To control the bubble nucleation, we irradiate the multilayer stacks with 50kVGa+ ions to alter the magnetic properties along a hexagonal grid. We observe nucleation and geometric confinement of bubbles within the center of the hexagons. The lowered anisotropy in irradiated regions forms potential barriers which stabilizes the bubbles at room temperature and zero field. FIB tuned magnetic thin films give an exciting platform to investigate the behavior of SBSs in a confined state and to study the possibilities of controlled field- and current-driven motion.

Investigation of Microstructure and Nanoindentation Hardness of C+ &amp; He+ Irradiated Nanocrystal SiC Coatings during Annealing and Corrosion

The microstructure and nanoindentation hardness of unirradiated, irradiated, annealed and corroded SiC coatings were characterized. Irradiation of 400 keV C+ and 200 keV He+ with approximately 10 dpa did not cause obvious amorphous transformation to nanocrystal SiC coatings and induced helium bubbles with 2–3 nm dimension distributed uniformly in the SiC matrix. High temperature annealing resulted in the transformation of SiC nanocrystals into columnar crystals in the irradiated region. Line-shaped bubble bands formed at the columnar crystal boundaries and their stacking fault planes and made the formation of microcracks of hundreds of nanometers in length. Meanwhile, some isolated helium bubbles distributed in SiC grains still maintained a size of 2–3 nm, despite annealing at 1200 °C for 5 h. The SiC coating showed excellent corrosion resistance under high-temperature, high-pressure water. The weight of the sample decreased with the increase of corrosion time. The nanoindentation hardness and the elastic modulus increased significantly with C+ and He+ irradiation, while their values decreased with high-temperature annealing. An increase in the annealing temperature led to an increased reduction in the values. Corrosion caused the decrease of nanoindentation hardness and the elastic modulus in the whole test depth range, whether the samples were irradiated or unirradiated.

GCT-25. INNOVATIVE, INTENSIVE IRRADIATION-AVOIDING/MINIMIZING CHEMOTHERAPY FOR HIGH-RISK PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) MIXED MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMORS (HR-MMGCT): A PILOT STUDY AND PROPOSED MULTI-NATIONAL PROSPECTIVE TRIAL

BACKGROUNDAbout one-third of children with primary CNS MMGCT experience incomplete responses to initial induction chemotherapy prior to irradiation, many of whom will subsequently relapse. Such high-risk patients are variably defined as having initial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) elevations exceeding 1,000ng/mL, predominant histopathologies of malignant non-germinomatous GCT and incomplete responses to induction chemotherapy. Drugs targeting GCT-specific molecular markers have been identified for non-germinomatous GCT elements but have yet to be incorporated into prospective clinical trials. Four children with clearly identified HR-MMGCT characteristics have been treated on an innovative pilot regimen incorporating intensified chemotherapy and molecularly targeted agents, with avoidance or minimization of irradiation.METHODSFour children (two with pure suprasellar embryonal carcinoma (EC) - one with Down syndrome and the other with pre-diagnosis cognitive dysfunction; one with initial serum AFP exceeding 7,000ng/mL and yolk sac tumor (YST)+EC+Teratoma pathology; one with initial serum AFP exceeding 1,000ng/mL) were treated with 3 cycles of “standard” induction chemotherapy (ACNS1123), followed by 1–3 transplant cycles (thiotepa/carboplatin) each with complete radiographic and tumor marker responses. Two children with pure EC subsequently received six cycles of brentuximab-vedotin without irradiation and remain disease-free off therapy for 2–4 years. One child with YST+EC+Teratoma has subsequently received reduced dose craniospinal irradiation and pineal region boost, and will receive oral everolimus, erlotinib, palbocyclib and intravenous brentuximab-vedotin. The fourth child with YST+MT will commence everolimus, erlotinib and palbocyclib without irradiation.CONCLUSIONThis treatment strategy for HR-MMGCT patients provides preliminary tolerance and response data justifying extension to a multi-center trial.

RONC-22. SECOND TUMORS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON THERAPY TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

BACKGROUNDPrevious institutional data suggests the 10-year cumulative incidence of second tumors is 3% in children treated with photon radiation for central nervous system (CNS) malignancy, with 90% of these tumors occurring in areas receiving ≤36 Gy. Comparative figures for children treated with proton therapy (PT) does not exist.METHODS1056 consecutive pediatric patients with a median follow-up of 5.0 years were treated between 2006–2019 with double-scattered PT to a site within the craniospinal axis. 230 patients were ≤3 years old and 14 had neurofibromatosis. A second tumor was defined as any solid neoplasm with histologic features different from the original tumor that had arisen within the irradiated volume.RESULTSFive patients developed second tumors resulting in a 5- and 10-year cumulative incidence of 0.2% (95% CI: 0–1.2%) and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.6%-3.9%), respectively. Of those who developed second tumors, median age at radiation was 4.3 years old (range, 2.1 to 5.1 years old) and diagnoses consisted of medulloblastoma (n=2), ependymoma (n=2), and craniopharyngioma (n=1). The second tumors included high grade gliomas (n=3) and high grade sarcoma (n=1) that occurred in regions receiving at least 54 Gy. One patient with neurofibromatosis developed both a low-grade glioma and choroidal melanoma in craniospinal irradiation regions receiving 36 Gy. Four of five patients with second tumors are alive.CONCLUSIONThe reduction in moderate-to-low dose radiation exposure from proton therapy may be associated with a decreased incidence of second tumors in children treated for CNS neoplasms. More follow-up is needed to confirm these findings.

Formation of silver nanoparticles in ion-exchanged glass with nanosecond laser irradiation

We studied the irradiation of silver enriched soda-lime glass slides by 6 nanosecond long laser pulses at the wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm. The extinction spectra of the irradiated glass regions after the laser exposition and after chemical and reactive ion etching (RIE) were compared. Independently on the wavelength, the irradiation resulted in the formation of silver nanoparticles demonstrating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which gradually disappeared with the etching of the samples. The dependence of the spectral position of LSPR on the etching time was significantly different for chemical etching and RIE. We relate this to the chemical interaction of silver with the gases used in RIE.

Analysis of Direct Optical Ablation and Sequent Thermal Ablation for the Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Photo-Thermal Micromachining

An ultra-fast pulsed laser for materials processing can obtain submicrometer- to nanometer-sized parts or patterns (precision or accuracy) because the heat cannot diffuse in time for an ultra-fast pulsed duration, and this causes a threshold of ablation in multi-photoabsorption. The optical and thermal effects significantly affect the processing quality of an ultrashort pulsed laser for materials. This study utilizes a Laplace transform method to display the optical and thermal effects on the temperature field and the ablated depth of an ultrashort pulsed laser processing of materials. The results reveal that If an ultrafast pulsed laser-induced heat can keep the irradiated region above the evaporated temperature until the thermal diffusion occurs in the lattice of materials, thermal ablation occurs. The optical ablation can get a better processing quality due to less thermal diffusion. This study theoretically elucidates that the depth of optical ablation approximates the product of an optical absorption length and the logarithm of the ratio of laser fluence to laser fluence threshold. It has also been shown that the optical and thermal ablation, respectively, occur in low and high laser fluence because the optical ablation depends directly on the main source of the incident ultrashort pulsed laser. However, the thermal ablation is determined by the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser after the optical ablation. The increase rate of the ablated depth per pulse with laser fluence is actually lower at high laser fluences than that at low laser fluences because the thermal ablation using the residual heat directly from the incident ultrashort pulsed laser is governed at high laser fluences. This study will provide the closed-form of a solution that elucidate the direct optical ablation and sequent thermal ablation for the ultra-fast pulsed laser photo-thermal processing.

Outcomes following limited-volume proton therapy for multifocal spinal myxopapillary ependymoma.

Spinal myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) often presents with a multifocal distribution, complicating attempts at resection. There remains no standard approach to irradiating these patients. We report disease control and toxicity in pediatric patients with multifocal spinal MPE treated with limited-volume proton therapy. Twelve patients (≤21 years old) with multifocal spinal MPE were treated between 2009 and 2018 with limited-volume brain-sparing proton therapy. Median age was 13.5 years (range, 7-21). Radiotherapy was given as adjuvant therapy after primary surgery in five patients (42%) and for recurrence in seven (58%). No patient received prior radiation. Eleven patients (92%) had evidence of gross disease at radiotherapy. Eleven patients received 54 GyRBE; one received 50.4 GyRBE. Treatment toxicity was graded per the CTCAEv4.0. We estimated disease control and survival using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. The median follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 1.8-10.6). The five-year actuarial rates of local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 100%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. One patient experienced an out-of-field recurrence in the spine superior to the irradiated region. No patients developed in-field recurrences. Following surgery and irradiation, one patient developed grade three spinal kyphosis and one patient developed grade 2 unilateral L5 neuropathy. 54 GyRBE to a limited volume appears effective for disseminated spinal MPE in both the primary and salvage settings, sparing children the toxicity of full craniospinal irradiation. Compared with historical reports, this approach using proton therapy improves the therapeutic ratio, resulting in minimal side effects and high rates of disease control.

Oxide dispersoid coherency of a ferritic-martensitic 12Cr oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy under self-ion irradiation

Ferritic-martensitic oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloy has shown excellent mechanical property and high radiation tolerance. However, the stability of dispersoids during displacive irradiation in the individual ferritic and martensitic phases is unclear. Here, the correlation among dispersoid coherency, size, density, and matrix phase are studied in dual-phase 12Cr ODS after 100 peak displacements-per-atom (dpa) irradiation at 475°C, using 3.5 MeV Fe2+ self-ions. The size and density changes of coherent and incoherent dispersoids were analyzed as a function of irradiation depth. The average dispersoid size decreased after irradiation in both phases, and the large incoherent dispersoids in the tempered martensite phase underwent a more dramatic change than those in the ferrite phase. The dispersoid density significantly increased in the ferrite phase within the irradiated region, mostly resulting in an increase in coherent dispersoid density. On the other hand, only a small change in density was observed in the tempered martensite phase for both coherent and incoherent dispersoids. This study shows that dispersoid evolution is dramatically different in ferrite and tempered martensite phases.

Photoluminescence study on the optical properties of silicon-vacancy centre in diamond

The optical properties of a silicon-vacancy (Si–V) centre were studied using photoluminescence (PL), including the temperature (80 K–270 K) and excitation power (2.25 W-22.5 mW)-dependent PL measurements and the effect of electron irradiation on the PL signal. The intensity decrease, red shift, and broadening of the line width with increasing temperature were fitted nonlinearly. The thermal quenching activation energy (49.59 meV), Huang-Rhys factor (0.049), and average phonon energy (42.09 meV) of the Si–V centre were obtained using suitable physical formulas. For the excitation power dependence, only the PL intensity of Si–V centre was sub-linear with the increasing power, the radiative recombination was dominated and the impact of Auger recombination was negligible. In addition, Fermi level shifted below the ground state level of Si–V in irradiation region due to the introduction of neutral single vacancy (GR1) centre, the PL signal of the Si–V centre was suppressed.

Technical note: factors affecting dose distribution in the overlap region of two-segment total body irradiation by helical tomotherapy

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of various treatment planning parameters to identify the optimal gap distance for precise two-segment total body irradiation (TBI) using helical tomotherapy (HT) with fixed jaw mode.Methods and materialsData of a treatment plan for 8 acute leukemia patients (height range: 109–130 cm) were analyzed. All patients underwent total-body computed tomography (CT) with 5-mm slice thickness. A lead wire, placed at 10 cm above the patella, was used to mark the boundary between the two segments. Target volumes and organs at risk were delineated using a Varian Eclipse 10.0 physician’s workstation. Different distances between the lead wire and the boundary of the two targets were used. CT images were transferred to the HT workstation to design the treatment plans, by adjusting parameters, including the field width (FW; 2.5 cm, and 5 cm), pitch (0.287 and 0.430), modulation factor (1.8). The plans were superimposed to analyze the dose distributions in the overlap region when varying target gap distances, FWs, pitches to determine the optimal combinations.ResultsThe pitch did not affect the dose distribution in the overlap region. The dose distribution in the overlap region was mostly homogeneous when the target gap distance was equal to the FW. Increased FW diminished the effect of the target gap distance on the heterogeneous index of the overlap region.ConclusionsIn two-segment TBI treatments by HT with Helix mode, a gap distance equal to the FW may achieve optimal dose distribution in the overlap region.

Softening and hardening on a Zr-based bulk metallic glass induced by nanosecond laser surface melting

The study reported here confirms that laser surface melting (LSM) can be employed to modify the hardness and the shear banding behaviour of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). More specifically, by conducting LSM operations on the Zr-based Vitreloy 105 BMG in ambient atmosphere using a nanosecond laser, it was found that surface hardening can be achieved, in addition to the well-known surface softening effect. Besides, it was found that the presence of compressive residual stress and an increased introduction of crystalline precipitates accompanied LSM-induced surface hardening. On the contrary, tensile residual stress and a reduced fraction of crystalline precipitates were observed for a softened surface post-LSM. Finally, differences in shear-banding mechanisms were detected near the surface of the laser irradiated regions. More specifically, overall reduced serrated flow but important surface shear bands events were observed following the LSM-based introduction of compressive residual stress. In contrast, more pronounced serrated flows and the likely distribution of shear banding activity well beneath the irradiated BMG surface was promoted when LSM resulted in the introduction of tensile residual stress.

The role of radiation therapy in treatment of adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline update.

The role of radiation therapy in treatment of adults with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline update.

PO-1472: Cardiac dose reduction in proton vs. photon DIBH breast and regional lymph nodes radiotherapy

PO-1472: Cardiac dose reduction in proton vs. photon DIBH breast and regional lymph nodes radiotherapy

Calculating and estimating second cancer risk from breast radiotherapy using Monte Carlo code with internal body scatter for each out-of-field organ.

Out‐of‐field organs are not commonly designated as dose calculation targets during radiation therapy treatment planning, but they might entail risks of second cancer. Risk components include specific internal body scatter, which is a dominant source of out‐of‐field doses, and head leakage, which can be reduced by external shielding. Our simulation study quantifies out‐of‐field organ doses and estimates second cancer risks attributable to internal body scatter in whole‐breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with or without additional regional nodal radiotherapy (RNRT), respectively, for right and left breast cancer using Monte Carlo code PHITS. Simulations were conducted using a complete whole‐body female model. Second cancer risk was estimated using the calculated doses with a concept of excess absolute risk. Simulation results revealed marked differences between WBRT alone and WBRT plus RNRT in out‐of‐field organ doses. The ratios of mean doses between them were as large as 3.5–8.0 for the head and neck region and about 1.5–6.6 for the lower abdominal region. Potentially, most out‐of‐field organs had excess absolute risks of less than 1 per 10,000 persons‐year. Our study surveyed the respective contributions of internal body scatter to out‐of‐field organ doses and second cancer risks in breast radiotherapy on this intact female model.

Visualization of Free Radical Generation Induced by Radiation using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-MRI

In order to perform safe and accurate radiation therapy, it is necessary to visualize the radiation dose and tracks. It is known that free radicals were generated by radiation. Therefore, imaging of free radicals would be useful technique for understanding the accurate treatment dose and site after radiation therapy. We have been developing the free radical imaging methods using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP)-MRI with nitroxyl radicals as a redox probe. The purpose of this study is to detect free radical generation induced by X-ray irradiation by DNP-MRI. A mixed solution of 1-Oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (Tempol) and a Glutathione (GSH) solution were prepared for the detection of free radicals. Further, 1% agarose was added to prepare a glass capillary and a gel phantom. The glass capillary was irradiated with 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy by Linac, and then ESR signal of tempol including capillaries were measured. The half area of gel phantom was irradiated with 20 Gy of X-ray so that an irradiated part and a non-irradiated part were formed. After X-ray irradiation, Free radical imaging by DNP-MRI was performed. In addition, T1-weighted MRI images were obtained. The EPR signal of Tempol capillaries were decreased depending on irradiation dose. In addition, a linear relationship between the spins of tempol radical and the irradiation dose was observed. The reduction rate of Tempol radical was 1.483/Gy. The gel phantom including Tempol radical was clearly visualized by DNP-MRI. Although the enhancement of gel phantom was observed in whole area before radiation treatment, the signal enhancement in half region (it is irradiated region by Linac) was decreased after radiation. In the T1-weighted MRI images, no signal change was observed between the X-ray irradiated part and the non-irradiated part. EPR signal of tempol in the capillary was decreased depending on radiation dose. Because hydroxyl radicals are generated by X-ray irradiation, Tempol was oxidized at first. After then, oxidized Tempol might be reduced by GSH in the gel phase. On the other hand, DNP-MR imaging of the phantom with radiation treatment was clearly visualized the site of the free radical reaction between Tempol/GSH gel with ROS. It is suggesting that the Tempol/GSH gel phantom would be useful for the redox sensor for radiation treatment. The distribution of free radical generation produced by X-ray irradiation was visualized by DNP-MRI with Tempol/GSH phantom.

Laser-Induced Hematite/Magnetite Phase Transformation

The goal of this work was to demonstrate the viability of using laser irradiation to promote the development of a magnetite/hematite bi-layer structure. Local heating by laser irradiation induces a hematite redox mechanism, promoting a phase transition of hematite (Fe2O3) into magnetite (Fe3O4). A relationship between laser feed rate, laser power and the top layer grain size was established. The average grain size increased from 3 μm to 10 μm when the laser power increased from 50 W to 100 W. Raman spectroscopy results demonstrated that residual hematite coexists on the magnetite top layer, distributed mostly along the grain boundaries. Electrical conductivity measurements of the irradiated regions confirmed the effectiveness of the laser surface treatment in promoting the local phase transformation of hematite into magnetite, with consequent enhancement of electrical conductivity. The maximum conductivity, 2.8 mS/m, was thus reached for the highest laser power used, 100 W. This phase transformation can be used on other materials to produce bi-layer structure, presenting an important factor for future applications and development using this technique.

Characterization of macrophages, giant cells and granulomas during muscle regeneration after irradiation

Macrophages play a fundamental role in the different stages of muscle regeneration although the precise mechanisms involved are not entirely understood. Here we investigated the types of macrophages and cytokines that appeared in muscles after local gamma irradiation of mini-pigs that underwent no subsequent treatment or received three successive adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ASC) injections. Although some variability was observed among the three animals included in each study group, a general picture emerged. No macrophages appeared in control muscles from regions that had not been irradiated nor in muscles from irradiated regions derived from two animals. A third irradiated, but untreated animal, with characteristic muscle fibrosis and necrosis due to irradiation, showed invasion of M2 macrophages within small muscle lesions. In contrast, among the three ASC-treated and irradiated animals, one of them had completely recovered normal muscle architecture at the time of sampling with no invading macrophages, muscle from a second one contained mostly M1 macrophages and some M2-like macrophages whereas muscle from a third one displayed granulomas and giant cells. ASC treatment was associated with the presence of similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the two animals in the process of muscle regeneration whereas the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression were distinct from one animal to another. Microspectrofluorimetry and in situ hybridization revealed strong expression of TGF-β1 and TNFα in regenerating muscle. Overall, the data confirm the critical role of macrophages in muscle regeneration and suggest the involvement of a complex network of cytokine expression for successful recovery.

Photochemical response triggered by ultrashort laser Gaussian-Bessel beams in photo-thermo-refractive glass

Photosensitivity in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass can be triggered by UV and near-infrared fs laser irradiation. Here we focus on the nonlinear photochemical process triggered by ultrashort laser Gaussian-Bessel beams. The transmission and absorption spectra show that the primary difference between UV and fs laser exposure is the formation of color centers and kinetic process of silver nanoparticles growth. It is contributed to the nonlinear ionization of PTR glass matrix and thermal effects during interaction of glass matrix and ultrashort laser pulses. Transmission electron microscopy verifies the generation of nanoscale crystals in the irradiated region, and X-ray diffraction shows the existence of quartz crystal and NaF after laser irradiation and thermal treatment. Moreover, the dependence of photochemical reaction on laser parameters is investigated, as well as the tailoring of silver nanoparticles. On this basis, volume Bragg gratings with ultrashort laser Gaussian-Bessel beams are inscribed as an application which possess good diffraction characteristics.