IRR Values Research Articles

Kelayakan Investasi Usaha Ayam Broiler Sistem Closed House Dan Open House Di Kabupaten Madiun

Animal protein is a protein that is good for the growth of the human body. Broiler chicken is one source of protein that is often consumed. Broiler production in Madiun Regency is not sufficient, so it is necessary to increase production through broiler farming. This study aims to identify the feasibility of broiler business investment. The location of the research was Madiun Regency and the research was conducted in May-June 2023. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling by taking 30 respondents from closed and open house systems. The non-financial feasibility analysis used market aspects, technical aspects, management and legal aspects, social, economic and cultural aspects, and environmental aspects. Based on non-financial aspects, the closed house system does not fulfill the environmental aspects and the location of the cage is too close to residential areas. Financial analysis using NPV, Net BC, IRR, PP and switching value sensitivity analysis. The results of the financial feasibility study with an interest rate of 6% and a business life of 10 years, the closed house and open house cage systems are feasible. The closed house has higher NPV, IRR, Net B/C and PP values than the open house, so the closed house system is more profitable than the open house. The results of the switching value sensitivity analysis of both types of cages have the most sensitive changes to the business in the form of decreased production, decreased prices and increased feed costs. Partnership system broiler farmers are unable to regulate selling prices and feed prices, so the only way to keep the business viable is to maintain the resulting production. Therefore, farmers must be able to master good production management and cage management to produce maximum broiler production.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BUDIDAYA SARANG BURUNG WALET DI DESA BADAK BARU KECAMATAN MUARA BADAK (Studi Pada Usaha Sarang Burung Walet Pak Nassarudin)

Currently, in the Muara Badak sub-district, many people have built swallow nests. This area is suitable for swallow cultivation because of its location close to the beach, nature that is still free from pollution, and close to forests that are still wide open. The high selling price and large capital make it difficult for wallet farmers who are already cultivating or prospective new Sawang wallet farmers to make a decision to invest. Ironically, many end up stopping their business in the middle of the road because they are considered a failure. Therefore, it is necessary to do a business feasibility analysis before starting a business. Sampling was carried out purposively, namely Mr. Nassaruddin's Wallet Nest Business with the consideration that it had been in operation for the last twelve years until 2023 and had a three-level wallet bird's nest building by calculating the NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and PP values. The results of this study are that the yields obtained can reach tens of millions of rupiah, In the financial feasibility analysis based on investment criteria with a factor discount of 10%, it can be produced as follows: NPV value > 0, which is IDR 580,147,000.00, Net B/C value > 1, which is 5.12, IRR value > i, which is 29.21%, and PP value is 6.758 years. These results indicate that Pak Nassarudin's Swallow's Nest Business is feasible to implement or continue.

Business Model Analysis and Feasibility Study of Low Glycemic Index Rice – Parboiled Rice

Diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic in several developing countries, including Indonesia, where there has been a high increase in the number of people with diabetes. As rice is a staple food in Indonesia, its high glucose content may lead to overconsumption of glucose. Parboiled rice, as a pre-cooked rice, has a lower glycemic index. However, it is not widely produced and is not well-known. This research analyzes the business model and feasibility of parboiled rice. The study uses nine elements of the Business Model Canvas and calculates the NVP, IRR, and BEP of parboiled rice businesses to analyze the financial feasibility. The research shows that parboiled rice is a potential product to be developed, considering that Indonesia’s rice market is very large. The potential consumers are not only those who suffer from diabetes mellitus but also those who want to live a healthy lifestyle. This parboiled rice business is feasible if a strong partnership is built with farmers and the government, as indicated by the NVP, IRR, BEP, and PP values, which were IDR 599.200, 1.3%, 675.000, and 1.2 years, respectively.

Predicting Investment Feasibility in Perumda Establishment Using Payback Period, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate Return

This study examines the feasibility of investing in the establishment of a Regional Public Company in the field of rice distributors in the Yahukimo Regency, Papua. The investment feasibility analysis used consists of evaluating the payback period, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate Return. The analysis is also combined with various possible conditions, namely pessimistic, moderate and optimistic conditions. The type of data used is secondary data with a qualitative descriptive research approach. The results of the study show that the attitude of PERUMDA of Yahukimo district in the field of rice distribution is that the Payback Period, NPV, and IRR values show that they are feasible. The feasibility of investing in PERUMDA as a rice distributor is feasible in optimistic, moderate and pessimistic conditions. The establishment of the New PERUMDA will contribute to the absorption of rice production by the Yahukimo Regency community as a business process on the upstream side. Meanwhile, the business processes on the downstream side will have an impact on increasing PAD from the company's operating profit from the sale of rice

Feasibility Analysis of Lake Toba Coastal Roads in Simalungun Regency

The success of development is inseparable from the active participation of the transportation sector. Where the transportation sector is the lifeblood of economic, social, cultural, political and defense-security. The development of the transportation sector is directed at realizing a transportation system that is reliable, highly capable and organized in an integrated, orderly, smooth and comfortable manner; can drive the dynamics of development, the mobility of goods, people and services all at once. Land transportation, one of which is the Road, is a connecting infrastructure by land that is used for human and goods traffic from one place to another. In addition to the aspect of spatial planning activities, the road network has the benefit of directing the growth of an area it traverses, as stated in Regional Regulation no. 10 of 2012 concerning Spatial Planning for the Simalungun Regency, stipulates a transportation network structure plan that is intended to direct the distribution of transportation services and the development of the Simalungun Regency area. At present it is felt that the road on the coast of Lake Toba, Simalungun Regency, is still unable to serve traffic smoothly and safely. There are still locations for these passages that are felt to still need to be addressed to obtain adequate technical feasibility standards, there are still areas that cannot be accessed and have adequate transportation facilities. Determining the economic feasibility of a road maintenance program, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility features economy. In this study, what will be discussed is the feasibility of a road maintenance project with the help of the HDM – III program, then analyzing the output of the program in the form of an analysis of Benefit Cost Ratio, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return. The results of using the HDM-III model show that based on the analysis of road damage, handling with scenario 3 produces better functional road conditions compared to other scenarios. The economic analysis also shows that scenario 3 is more economically feasible than the other scenarios, with minimum maintenance costs and maximum benefits in the form of vehicle operating costs, this is indicated by the NPV, BCR, and IRR values. Keywords: Feasibility Study, HDM – III, Vehicle Operating Costs, Time Value, NPV, BCR, IRR, Missing Link Planning.

Agroforestry Farming System: Measuring its Development in Financial Feasibility Aspects

Paradigm contradictions, conflicts of interest, and the synchronization of agricultural development that occurs also affect the irregularity of progress, which creates an agricultural system that is less environmentally friendly. Thus, the presence of the Agroforestry paradigm provides alternative solutions that are synthesized on economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The purpose of the study was to determine the financial feasibility of several combined agroforestry patterns. The study was conducted in Boalemo Regency in April 2018. The data were analyzed based on the value of NPV, BCR, and IRR (16.23%). The results show that the combinations that are feasible with NPV, BCR and IRR values are Food-Plantation-Forestry (Rp.388,425,185), (1.77), (87.65%); Food-Plantation-Forestry-Horticulture (Rp.1,253,822,148), (4.50), (216.58%); Plantation-Forestry (Rp.144,707,388), (1.52), (56.48%); Plantation-Forestry-Horticulture (Rp.718,374,087), (3.77), (129.57%) and those that are not suitable for cultivation are Food-Forestry combinations (Rp.- 52,006,231), (0.49), and (5.71%). To make it feasible to cultivate, farmers can choose types of plants that have commercial value. This indicates that the accuracy in choosing the pattern of plant combinations and the suitability of adapting to the agroecosystem will increase the success of the applied agroforestry system.

The Effect of the Covid-19 on the Purse Seine Fishing Business at CFP Bajomulyo, Pati

The COVID-19 virus has brought many changes in the economy and business, including in the CFP Bajomulyo, Juwana, and Pati Regency fishing businesses. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on capture fisheries business from a technical, marketing, social, and financial perspective on the fishing business using purse seine fishing gear at CFP Bajomulyo, Pati. The sampling method is the purposive sampling method with a total sample of 13 respondents. The results of the study show that technically and socially. There is no influence from the presence of COVID-19, while in financial and marketing aspects, there is an influence of COVID-19. The effect is an increase in fixed costs, variable costs, and total costs and income of small-scale fishing businesses, respectively, by 0.9%, 5.7%, 4.7%, and 1%. Meanwhile, for medium-scale businesses, there was an increase of 0.45%, 4.6%, 3.6%, and 2.8%. The profit for small-scale businesses increases by 1.81%, and for medium-scale businesses decreases by -0.35%. The NPV, IRR, R/C Ratio and PP values of each business have different results, but all of the values are positive, which means they include in the feasible business category. In terms of marketing, the impact of COVID19 is an increase in the price of fish such as scad (Decapterus sp) 1.5%, lemuru (Sardinella sp) 1.01%, tuna (Euthynnus affinis) 1.3%, banyar (Restrelliger sp) 1.15%, mackerel (Scomberomorini) 1.03%.

RGEC Analysis in Assessing The Health of Bank Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to assess the financial performance of state-owned banks consisting of Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), Bank Savings State (BTN), Bank Mandiri. This research is a research using a quantitative approach. The object of this research is a state-owned bank listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The data collection technique used is through the documentation method. The data source used is secondary from the annual financial statements obtained through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis technique uses the calculation of the RGEC method. The results of this study are expected to be able to show how the condition of the soundness level of state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2018-2021 period through the RGEC method is carried out. This analysis is also expected to be used as a reference for state-owned banks in assessing the soundness of banks. Aspects of the Risk Profile of state-owned banks during the 2018-2021 period are in a quite healthy with an average NPL value of 3.05%, 1.48%, 2.75%, and 3.75%, respectively. Then the average IRR values are 110.2%, 305.8%, 110.6%, and 112.8%, respectively. And lastly, the average LDR values were 89.71%, 82.49%, 105.11%, and 92.30%. The GCG aspects of state-owned banks during the 2018-2021 period are 2,2,1, and 2, so that in general they are said to be good. Aspects of BUMN bank earnings during 2018-2021 are in a healthy condition with average ROA values of 1.72%, 2.78%, 1.23%, and 0.72%, respectively. And the average NIM scores are 5.12%, 8.59%, 4.54%, and 3.86%, respectively. The capital aspect during 2018-2021 is in a healthy condition with the average CAR values of 18.69%, 22.41%, 20.46%, and 18.50%, respectively.

Economic analysis of rare earth element processing methods for Mountain Pass ore

The increasing demand for rare earth elements (REE) in highly strategic sectors such as hybrid electric vehicles, renewable energy, communication technologies, and the defense industry has made REE production methods important. In recent years, studies on REE have increased rapidly; however there are many studies on REE, there are not enough studies in the literature on the economics of the beneficiation process. RE ores are generally leached after beneficiation by gravity, magnetic and flotation methods. In this study, direct leaching, attrition scrubbing and leaching, and flotation and leaching methods are evaluated economically based on the data for the Mountain Pass (MP) facility. According to the sensitivity analysis performed as a function of capital cost (CAPEX), operating cost (OPEX), and rare earths oxides (REO) recovery, REO recovery has the biggest effect on the process economies. Although the flotation method entails additional investment and operating costs, transportation and operating costs are significantly reduced result of the higher grade and recovery. The flotation method is more profitable, with larger NPV and IRR values and a shorter payback period.

Systematic identification of heat events associated with emergency admissions to enhance the heat-health action plan in a subtropical city: a data-driven approach.

According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), a heat-health action plan should address various impacts of hazards at different levels, including an early warning system to monitor risks and behaviour enhancement to increase disaster preparedness. It is necessary to comply with guidelines regarding heat duration/intensity. In this study, we developed a data-driven approach to rapidly and systematically estimate the impacts of various heat events on emergency admissions among the adult population (n = 7,086,966) in Hong Kong in order to enhance the heat-health action plan. Immediate, short-term, and long-term impacts determined by 1-day, 4-day, and 8-day windows were estimated to identify specific heat events suitable for early warnings. In addition, underestimated risk, determined by a continuous increase in heat risk after days without significant emergency admissions, was estimated to evaluate potential maladaptive behaviours among a specific subpopulation. Based on age- and gender-specific analyses, 1D, 1D1N, and 2D2N were observed to have a stronger immediate impact on emergency admissions. 1D1N and 2D2N also showed notable short-term and long-term impacts. Based on heat vulnerability factors (age and gender), 2D2N was a higher-priority extreme heat event for early warning measures than 1D1N. Furthermore, men aged 19 to 64 had the highest underestimated risk. Specifically, they had IRR values of 1.113 [1.087, 1.140], 1.061 [1.035, 1.087], and 1.069 [1.043, 1.095] during lag days 3-5 of 3D2N, respectively, possibly due to a lack of adaptive behaviour. By adopting our approach, the duration of heat events with significant health impacts can be identified in order to further enhance relevant heat stress information. This framework can be applied to other cities with a similar background for rapid assessment.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA SAPI PERAH SENTULFRESH INDONESIA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

This research seeks to analyze the feasibility of dairy cattle business. This research was conducted in Sentulfresh Indonesia in Bogor Regency. Respondents consisted of the owner and the employees of dairy farm also yoghurt production. Data were analyzed by quantitatively using measurement criteria of financial viability and sensitivity analyzes. The results showed that dairy cattle business is financially viable as indicated by NPV values of Rp5,542,458,138.00; Net B/C values of 2.42; Gross B/C values of 1.63; IRR values of 35.09 percent; and PP of 5.76 from the economic life of dairy cattle for eight years, and dairy cattle business is still viable despite the drop in yoghurt sales of 6.24 percent, the drop in milk sales of 45.60 percent, and an increase in cow maintenance cost of 5.88 percent.Key words: dairy cattle, financial feasibility, sensitivity.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN TEH HERBAL (Euphorbia hirta) DENGAN KOMBINASI TEH HITAM (Camellia sinensis)

Degenerative diseases have been reported as the main causes of mortality number in Indonesia. An unhealthy lifestyle, including lack of exercise combined with low of fiber and antioxidants diet, is believed as the main triggering factor. Functional foods which offer several benefits, including its built-in nutrition, the pharmacological effects, as well as the practical uses, is considered as one of the effective solutions to supply the antioxidant deficiency. Euphorbia hirta is an herbaceous plant that has been reported to have several important pharmacological activities, including in the prevention of some degenerative diseases through its antioxidative capacity. A type of functional food enriched with antioxidant has been formulated from the leaves of E. hirta and black tea (Camellia sinensis); however, the feasibility analysis of its processing industry has not been carried out. This study was aimed to analyze the marketing, technical, management, and financial feasibility of establishment of functional food industry of E. hirta herb combined with black tea. The feasibility was analyzed by considering the marketing aspects, technical aspects (process technology and plant layout), management aspects, and financial aspects as measured by the NPV, Net B/C, IRR, PBP, and BEP values. The financial analysis showed that the NPV was Rp81,520,549.00 with 1.30 of Net B/C, 27.64% of IRR, and 2.6 years of PBP. Based on the results, the planned industry is declared to be feasible especially in the aspects of marketing, technic, management, and financial.

Cost Benefit dan Effectiveness Investasi Alat Kesehatan Berteknologi Tinggi di Instalasi Radiologi

<p><em>One of the important components supporting the effort to cure patients is medical devices. Hermina Mekarsari Hospital type C classification seeks to meet services in accordance with service standards. Preliminary monitoring data found that the CT - Scan examination room facilities in the Radiology Installation have not been used as intended. This is because the medical equipment investment process is not optimal, the financial sector is not involved, so no investment analysis is conducted. The research objective was to analyze the investment feasibility and investment planning process of two CT-Scan and 3D / 4D ultrasound medical devices in Radiology Installation. Research is an empirical study with quantitative methods. The aim is to obtain more in-depth information about the planning process for high-tech and expensive medical equipment. A total of 6 informants as parties involved in the investment process. The results of the study for CT-Scan and 3D / 4D ultrasound, based on NPV calculations are positive, IRR values are lower than the interest rates used, CBR values are more than 1, and PI values are more than 1. It was concluded that from the analysis of financial aspects for investment in both medical devices is worth the investment. It is recommended that hospitals immediately hold the two medical devices in 2020 or 2021.</em></p>

Strategy for the Development of Small Industry Smoking Roa Fish (Hemiramphus sp.) in Boalemo District, Gorontalo Province

About 95% of the demand for smoked Roa fish in the province of Gorontalo comes from outside the region. The Roa fish smoking industry provides the remaining 5% in Boalemo Regency. These conditions are affected by the lack of production capacity, production facilities, and capital owned by small businesses. This study aims to analyze the current needs of the small-scale Roa smoking industry, conduct financial feasibility analysis, and formulate a development strategy for the small-scale Roa fish smoking industry. The research method used was qualitative and quantitative research with data collection techniques in interviews, documentation, and SWOT analysis. The feasibility of the Roa smoking industry was determined through the NPV, IRR, BCR, PP, and BEP values. Based on the results obtained from SWOT analysis, it was found that the strength-opportunity strategy had the highest score. Policies to support this development strategy are creating brands and labels, improving cooperative relationships with existing partners and networks, and taking advantage of the abundant availability of raw materials to increase production capacity. In addition, it was also found that the lack of processing facility can be overcome and develop diversification or through assistance from the government or other agencies. It was also found that diversification of processed products derived from smoked Roa fish can become an important strategy. Other significant findings from this study were the demands for the product were high, and the industry could not keep up with the needs, the Roa smoking industry is investment-worthy, and the right strategy to develop this industry should be based on the Strength-Opportunity strategy.

Optimized bandgaps of top and bottom subcells for bifacial two-terminal tandem solar cells under different back irradiances

Detailed balance limit is calculated for bifacial two-terminal tandem (double-junction) solar cells. The solar cells are considered as blackbody with temperature of 298.15 K and front illumination of air mass (AM)1.5G spectrum as well as back illumination of effective albedo (RA) × AM1.5G spectrum. Under spectral independent RA, ((Front Irr + Back Irr)/Front Irr) is defined as a ratio of (front irradiance + back irradiance) to front irradiance. Optimized bandgaps for bottom subcell (Eg-bottom) and top subcell (Eg-top) of the bifacial tandem solar cells are revealed to match photogenerated current densities of two subcells, thereby yielding their maximum output power under varying ((Front Irr + Back Irr)/Front Irr). Moreover, it is disclosed that the current mismatching in monofacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell can be solved by the structure of the bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with suitable (Front Irr + Back Irr)/Front Irr. Therefore, bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell generates more output power up to 66% than its monofacial counterpart despite low (Front Irr + Back Irr)/Front Irr of 1.244 (or RA of 0.244). The optimized Eg-bottom is additionally disclosed in bifacial tandem solar cell with Eg-top (perovskite top subcell) of 1.55 eV, as well as optimized Eg-top is revealed with Eg-bottom (silicon bottom subcell) of 1.12 eV under different (Front Irr + Back Irr)/Front Irr values.

Can methane pyrolysis based hydrogen production lead to the decarbonisation of iron and steel industry?

Decarbonisation of the iron and steel industry would require the use of innovative low-carbon production technologies. Use of 100% hydrogen in a shaft furnace (SF) to reduce iron ore has the potential to reduce emissions from iron and steel production significantly. In this work, results from the techno-economic assessment of a H2-SF connected to an electric arc furnace(EAF) for steel production are presented under two scenarios. In the first scenario H2 is produced from molten metal methane pyrolysis in an electrically heated liquid metal bubble column reactor. Grid connected low-temperature alkaline electrolyser was considered for H2 production in the second scenario. In both cases, 59.25 kgH2 was required for the production of one ton of liquid steel (tls). The specific energy consumption (SEC) for the methane pyrolysis based system was found to be 5.16 MWh/tls. The system used 1.51 MWh/tls of electricity, and required 263 kg/tls of methane, corresponding to an energy consumption of 3.65 MWh/tls. The water electrolysis based system consumed 3.96 MWh/tls of electricity, at an electrolyser efficiency of 50 KWh/kgH2. Both systems have direct emissions of 129.4 kgCO2/tls. The indirect emissions are dependent on the source of natural gas, pellet making process and the grid-emission factor. Indirect emissions for the electrolysis based system could be negligible, if the electricity is generated from renewable energy sources. The levellized cost of production(LCOP) was found to be $631, and $669 respectively at a discount rate of 8%, for a plant-life of 20 years. The LCOP of a natural gas reforming based direct reduction steelmaking plant of operating under similar conditions was found to be $414. Uncertainty analysis was conducted for the NPV and IRR values.

Operating Profitableness in Projects with Multiply IRR Values. Reconstruction of Sense

For the investment project, a family of replacement credits is built, in each of which one of the IRR values is taken as the interest rate. In all such replacement credits, the areas of operating profitableness of the investor and the recipient are defined as the intervals of the change in the discount rate, where the discounted amounts of interest payments are positive or negative, respectively. In these areas, which have IRR values as their internal or boundary point, the operational profitablenesses of project participants take constant values equal to the corresponding IRR value. For all non-negative values of the discount rate, the operating profitableness of the investor and the recipient have the form of unequivocal piecewise constant functions. Real returns of project participants with multiple IRR values in all intervals of the change in the discount rate between IRR values coincide with their operating profitableness. And only in the edge interval, at discount rates higher than the maximum IRR, the real returns of the participants are determined by the principle of conservation the project’s own profitableness.

Build of Indicators of Operating Profitablenesses in Projects with Multiple Values IRR. Examples and Comments

The technique of applying the method of replacement credits to build the operating and real profitableness of the investor and recipient in investment projects with multiple (simple and multiple) IRRs value is shown. In each of the replacement credits, the interest rate is chosen equal to one of the IRR values, and the areas of operating profitableness of project participants are defined as the intervals of the discount rate where the discounted amounts of interest payments are positive (for the investor) or negative (for the recipient). In such areas, the operating profitablenesses of project participants are taken equal to the selected IRRs value. As a result, the operating and real profitablenesses of the investor and the recipient are determined in the form of unequivocal piecewise-constant functions. A dynamic interpretation of the areas of operating profitableness as areas of attraction or repulsion of the singular points of a dynamic system with a phase velocity equal to NPV is given. Using a dynamic interpretation allows you to build profitability indicators in the form of piecewise constant functions of the discount rate for investment projects of the most general form solely on the basis of known IRR values.

Operating Profitableness of Investment Projects. In a Searching a Fictional Rate

An investment project is considered as a borrowing project with two participants, an investor and a recipient, each of which has its own profitability. The concept of operating profitableness of participants is described, according to which the IRR is determined by the ratio of the discounted amounts of interest payments and loan indebtedness previously allocated from the project payment stream. This establishes the economic meaning of IRR as a ratio of income to the resources used to obtain it. It is shown that in projects with a single (simple or multifold) IRR value, the operational profitableness of participants is determined by this value, but at different intervals of the change in the discount rate. The concept of real profitability of participants is introduced, which, with positive NPV values, is identified as the profitability of the investor, and with negative values, as the profitability of the recipient. Indicators of real profitability of project participants with a single IRR value are built. The possibility of constructing indicators of operational and real profitability of participants in projects with multiple IRR values is discussed.

Profitableness of Investment and Borrowing Projects. Problems and Prospects

The problems associated with the construction of a measure of profitableness of investment projects are discussed, including the problem of a meaningful interpretation of the sense of IRR in the traditional form for the economy of the ratio of income and expenses. In is proposed to build a profitableness analysis of investment and borrowing projects on the basis of a mathematical model with two participants in form an investor and a recipient, where recipient can be considered as representative of the financial market external to the project. Such a model was formed in the theory of credit, where the dynamics of the financial interaction of participants during its implementation is described by an sign alternating function of discrete time, in the form the current indebtedness of credit. For her adaption to the analysis of general investment projects (including projects with multiple simple and multifold IRR values), the main patterns of the dynamics of credit indebtedness are considered in detail. There is highlighted the general properties of investment and borrowing projects.