Iron Sheet Research Articles

Successful management of an unusual extra-ocular foreign body.

A 25 yr old male†, industrial worker by profession, presented to the emergency setting of Government Medical College, Chandigarh, in July 2020, with a rare foreign body impaction. This was after he sustained occupational ocular trauma while cutting iron sheets with a manual work tool machine. He was not wearing any ocular protective gear. Ocular examination revealed impaction of multiple round brass foreign bodies in the right lower lid (Fig. 1A) and closed globe injury to the globe with vitreous haemorrhage and peri-papillary retinal pallor (Fig. 1B). Non-contrast computed tomography orbit showed metallic foreign bodies abutting the globe but not causing globe rupture (Fig. 2A: axial view; Fig. 2B: coronal view; Fig. 2C: sagittal view). The foreign bodies were removed (Fig. 1. inset) and the lid and canalicular repair was done. Pars plana vitrectomy was done to clear the vitreous haemorrhage. During the procedure, fibrogliotic bands with pigmentary alterations and multiple retinal breaks were noticed inferonasally due to coup injury at the site of the impact. Differential diagnoses of chorioretinitis sclopetaria, choroidal rupture and commotio retinae were kept in mind. The breaks in the region of chorioretinitis sclopetaria were lasered using a 532 nm laser. At 12 months of follow up, the visual acuity was 20/40 with attached retina (Fig. 3A and B) and no complaints of epiphora were noted. To the best of our knowledge, the impaction of multiple foreign bodies with stacking in the extra-ocular space has not been reported previously in the spectrum of work-tool related eye injuries. A team approach by oculoplastic and retina surgeons may be required for successful management of complex occupational ocular trauma.Fig. 1: (A) Photograph showing three metallic foreign bodies stacked one above the other in the lower eyelid in the medial aspect. (B) Fundus picture showing diffuse retinal opacification around optic disc and the fundus details are masked by overlying vitreous haemorrhage (inset). Photograph showing three (two are stacked together) 15 mm round smooth disc-shaped brass foreign bodies removed from the orbit.Fig. 2: Computed tomographic scan showing metallic foreign body in the inferior orbit abutting the globe with intact inferior wall of the orbit (A, axial scan, B, coronal scan, C, sagittal scan).Fig. 3: (A) Follow-up facial photograph of the patient showing repaired eyelid after removal of the foreign bodies with puncta well opposed to the globe. (B) Fundus montage of the right eye, after pars plana vitrectomy showing inferonasal chorioretinitis sclopetaria (arrow) with laser done for retinal breaks (arrowheads).Conflicts of Interest: None.

Corrosion behaviour of iron in 1 M sulphuric acid with presence of Aegle Marmelos as green inhibitor

Corrosion is an unstoppable process but can reduce the rate of corrosion to happen which allows in increasing the durability of the material. In this present study, Aegle Marmelos pulp which is used as a green corrosion inhibitor extracted using universal solvent. The pulp extract was combined with 1 M H2SO4 stock solution at different volume ratios for better efficiency. The leaves extract characterization was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the surfaces of Iron Sheets were examined using scanningmicroscopy(SEM) and atomic forced microscopy (AFM). Different techniques like weight-loss analysis, UV–Visible studies, pH are doneto reviewfor inhibition efficiency. At different temperatures the inhibition efficiency is tested and results showed approximately to 96.6% at 90% (v/v) of inhibitor solution in H2SO4 acidic medium.

Autonomous Multiple Tramp Materials Detection in Raw Coal Using Single-Shot Feature Fusion Detector

In the coal mining process, various types of tramp materials will be mixed into the raw coal, which will affect the quality of the coal and endanger the normal operation of the equipment. Automatic detection of tramp materials objects is an important process and basis for efficient coal sorting. However, previous research has focused on the detection of gangue, ignoring the detection of other types of tramp materials, especially small targets. Because the initial Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) lacks the efficient use of feature maps, it is difficult to obtain stable results when detecting tramp materials objects. In this article, an object detection algorithm based on feature fusion and dense convolutional network is proposed, which is called tramp materials in raw coal single-shot detector (TMRC-SSD), to detect five types of tramp materials such as gangue, bolt, stick, iron sheet, and iron chain. In this algorithm, a modified DenseNet is first designed and a four-stage feature extractor is used to down-sample the feature map stably. After that, we use the dilation convolution and multi-branch structure to enrich the receptive field. Finally, in the feature fusion module, we designed cross-layer feature fusion and attention fusion modules to realize the semantic interaction of feature maps. The experiments show that the module we designed is effective. This method is better than the existing model. When the input image is 300 × 300 pixels, it can reach 96.12% MAP and 24FPS. Especially in the detection of small objects, the detection accuracy has increased by 4.1 to 95.57%. The experimental results show that this method can be applied to the actual detection of tramp materials objects in raw coal.

Synthesis of Two New Dinuclear Lanthanide Clusters and Visual Bifunctional Sensing Devices Based on the Eu Cluster

AbstractThe development of visual and multifunctional sensors, and further the fabrication of portable sensing devices is of great importance. Herein, two dinuclear lanthanide clusters are designed, and their accurate molecules are determined to be [Ln2(DFBA)6(dmp)2(H2O)2] (Ln3+ = Eu3+ (1‐Eu) or Tb3+ (1‐Tb), HDFBA = 3,4‐difluorobenzoic acid, dmp = 4,7‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, 1‐Eu shows rapid detection of ferrous ions (Fe2+) and acetylacetone (acac), with the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 5.6 and 1.0 ppb, respectively. LOD of 5.6 ppb for Fe2+ is far lower than the standard of World Health Organization (0.3 ppm, SDWA) and Chinese rural water quality standards (0.5 ppm, GB25467‐2010) for drinking water. As far as it is known, 1‐Eu is the most sensitive chemosensor for the detection of acac; the sensing can be discriminated by the naked eyes under 365 nm UV light. Furthermore, portable sensing devices of agarose gel, test paper, and sprayed films on plastic tube, glass, coin, test paper, stone, leaf, carbon rod, and iron sheet surfaces, based on 1‐Eu solution, are fabricated by facile methods, with visual and quick detection of Fe2+ in water under various conditions, and show excellent recyclable sensing performance for acac vapor.

Experimental investigation on renovation of locally manufactured electrical cooking stove

This paper deals with a locally manufactured electrical cookstove that has been modified to reduce energy losses and improve the efficiency of the cookstoves by adjusting the clay profile using switches to test small and large cookware. The system can reduce the cooking time as investigated by boiling water using different sizes. A framework made from mating parts of 4 mm thick galvanized iron sheet, steel sheet metal, a flat type clay plate weighing 2.0 kg, in which the open electric resistor was placed, the groove depth was 12 mm, and the round bar pot rest of 4 mm diameter was made in a concentric circle style for pot mounting and having a height of 10 mm above the heating element. This modification evaluates the efficiency of a modified locally manufactured electric cook stove with a 16 cm pot with a fully active switch investigated high energy loss of 0.45 kW compared with the semi-active switch of the same diameter at 0.25 kW. The efficiency of 16 cm fully active cookware is calculated based on the experiment results found 67%, and semi-active the same diameter cookware would raise to 77% efficiency, and for 22 cm cookware, the efficiency calculated is 68%.

Sulfonamide-Selective Ambient Mass Spectrometry Ion Source Obtained by Modification of an Iron Sheet with a Hydrophilic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

We have described a sulfonamide-selective ambient ion source coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective extraction and determination of trace sulfonamide antibiotics. It is obtained by modifying an iron sheet with a sulfadiazine-templated hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (SF-HMIP). It behaves as both an online extractor and a MS ion source. Five sulfonamide antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfathiazole (ST), and sulfameter (SMD), were chosen to evaluate SF-HMIP coupled with ESI-MS, which showed good linearity in the range of 0.2-1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient values (R2) over 0.9946. The limits of detection (LODs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-1.5 ng/mL, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.3-0.5 and 1.0-5.0 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that SF-HMIP combined with ESI-MS could be applied for the direct analysis of five trace sulfonamide compounds in honey and pure water with recoveries ranging from 76 to 129%.

Analysis of the Influence of Ferromagnetic Material on the Output Characteristics of Halbach Array Energy-Harvesting Structure.

Due to the particular arrangement of permanent magnets, a Halbach array has an significant effect of magnetism and magnetic self-shielding. It can stretch the magnetic lines on one side of the magnetic field to obtain an ideal sinusoidal unilateral magnetic field. It has a wide application range in the field of energy harvesting. In practical applications, magnetic induction intensity of each point in magnetic field is not only related to the induced current and conductor but also related to the permeability of the medium (also known as a magnetic medium) in the magnetic field. Permeability is the physical quantity that represents the magnetism of the magnetic medium, which indicates the resistance of magnetic flux or the ability of magnetic lines to be connected in the magnetic field after coil flows through current in space or in the core space. When the permeability is much greater than one, it is a ferromagnetic material. Adding a ferromagnetic material in a magnetic field can increase the magnetic induction intensity B. Iron sheet is a good magnetic material, and it is easy to magnetize to generate an additional magnetic field to strengthen the original magnetic field, and it is easy to obtain at low cost. In this paper, in order to explore the influence of ferromagnetic material on the magnetic field and energy harvesting efficiency of the Halbach array energy harvesting structure, iron sheets are installed on the periphery of the Halbach array rotor. Iron sheet has excellent magnetic permeability. Through simulation, angle between iron sheet and Halbach array, radian size of iron sheet itself and distance between iron sheet and Halbach array can all have different effects on the magnetic field of the Halbach array. It shows that adding iron sheets as a magnetic medium could indeed change the magnetic field distribution of the Halbach array and increase energy harvesting efficiency. In this paper, a Halbach array can be used to provide electrical power for passive wireless low-power devices.

Iron Cones in the Burials of Ulus Jochi: Aspects of Ethnocultural Identification

Cone-shaped objects, rolled from iron and bronze sheets, are found in the Golden Horde burials of the late 13th – early 15th centuries. The authors collected information on more than 100 burials with iron and bronze cones located in the territory of Ulus Jochi. This article is examines material from 78 iron cone burials. Specific features of the topographic location of these complexes, use of stones in rituals, construction of log cabins around graves is similar to archaeological and ethnographic monuments of Central Asia associated with ethnic Mongols. As a rule, human remains buried in graves are oriented north or northeast with their heads, which is also a feature of the Mongol funeral rite. Accompaniment of the burial with whole or stuffed horses remains in the complexes with cones is not common, but these features are also known in Mongolian cemeteries in Central Asia. The placement of a sheep tibia at the head of the buried occasionally in vertical position is considered a main ethnic feature of the Mongol culture. In general, the sample of the Ulus Jochi burials, united by the iron cones presence in the burial inventory, is characterized by an increased concentration of rather specific ritual signs typical of the Mongols of Central Asia. This allows us to conclude that the considered monuments belong to the same ethnocultural group of population. Moreover, the available anthropological data testify to the Central Asian (Mongolian) origin of the representatives of this group of nomads of Ulus Jochi Burials with iron cones. The authors observe manifestations of pagan shamanic and Buddhist rituals judging by the dominant features of funeral rituals left by the bearers of Mongolian ethnic and cultural traditions.

Shape- and area-controlled growth of Cu particles during electrodeposition

Shape-controlled growth (leaf-like, dendritic, flower-like, multi-corner and multi-edge) and area-controlled growth (Island- and linear-) of Cu particles during a simple electrodeposition were reported. Defects and types of substrates play a major role in the preparation process, furthermore temperature and ultrasonic vibration of electrolyte. The series of well-shaped Cu particles were fabricated through changing substrates (iron, graphite or copper sheets) and electrolyte temperature (50℃, 70℃ and 80℃), or introducing ultrasonic vibration, endowing Cu materials with intriguing properties such as an increased surface area and active site for SERS. By introducing two kinds of linear-defects (20~40 μm and 5 μm width) on the substrate, the selective electrodeposition phenomena appeared: island-controlled growth and linear-controlled growth.

Laser-induction welding of nodular grey cast iron using oscillating beam guidance-microstructural and mechanical characterization

In the present investigation, laser-induction welding using oscillating beam guidance is employed to joint sheets of nodular grey cast iron, which typically exhibit poor weldability properties. Through non-destructive dye-penetrant testing, a reduction of more than 50% in crack density as a result of manipulted thermal cycles is identified. The microstructural and chemical characterization using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction reveal the formation of brittle cementite lamellae with austenite/ferrite at the inter-lamellar spaces. The direction of beam oscillation and, thus, melt pool dynamics as well as thermal history exhibit a substantial influence on hardness and tensile properties, which are favourable for specimens welded with beam oscillation perpendicular to the traverse direction. Here, the maximum hardness of EN-GJS-400–15 specimens is reduced to around 700 HV. Yet, embrittlement and cleavage fracture originating from cold-cracks and pores within the weld metal are observed as well and emphasize the ongoing challenges of welding nodular grey cast iron.

Metallographic and neutron diffraction analysis on microstructural evolution and control in ancient Indian high carbon steel

AbstractDespite the credit attributed to India for the early production of high carbon steel, not much is known about Indian contribution to the implementation of a pertinent fabrication technique without which this special material might have little practical value. A metallographic examination of a small iron lump and an iron sheet, both excavated from the second BC to second AD century site at Junnar in India, provided evidence that the production of high carbon steel was stimulated by a sophisticated technique practiced for the control of carbide precipitation in such a peculiar material. In addition, neutron diffraction analysis on one of the objects, the iron sheet, produced key information defining the thermo‐mechanical treatments applied. An anisotropy in the orientation of cementite grains, similar to one of those documented for the so‐called Damascus swords, was also confirmed. A detailed account of the analytical results is presented, suggesting that a proper technique for the control of microstructural evolution in high carbon steel was fully established in India much earlier than the beginning of the Damascus steel tradition, which must have been inspired by technologies long practiced in India.

Analysis and Experimental Comparison of Acoustic Noise of Three Switched Reluctance Motors Made of Conventional Steel, High Silicon Steel, and Amorphous Iron

In this article, three test motors are fabricated with different iron materials, conventional steel, high silicon steel, and amorphous iron. Among the three materials, the high silicon steel has the lowest magnetostriction and the amorphous iron has the highest magnetostriction and the lowest saturated flux density. Hammer test is carried out to identify the respective resonant frequency and the optimum Young's modulus and Poisson ratio are identified from the measured resonant frequency for each core. Furthermore, the acoustic noise is measured in load test and it is found that the high silicon steel has the lowest acoustic noise. Then, the electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) and acoustic noise analysis are carried out. According to the FEA results, the acoustic noise of the amorphous iron motor is the lowest, while it is the highest in an experiment. This discrepancy is considered to be resulted from the magnetostriction property of the magnetic materials that are ignored in FEA so far. Therefore, the magnetostriction of three iron sheets is measured and the FEAs that take magnetostriction into consideration are carried out. From the results of the improved FEAs, it is found that the magnetostriction plays an important role in acoustic noise analysis.

Research on Metal Foreign Object Detection of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System Based on Detection Coil

Due to the open structure of wireless charging systems, foreign objects are inevitably involved. In the process of energy transfer, the intervention of metal foreign objects will cause the system to deviate from the normal operating point and even cause safety accidents. Therefore, metal foreign objects detection (MOD) technology is of considerable importance. In this paper, a metal foreign object detection system of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on the symmetrical detection coil was designed, and a MOD method based on frequency scanning is proposed. The coil size of the WPT system was designed based on SAE-J2954 standard. In addition, the suitable detection coil was installed at the transmitting coil. The system model was established in ANSYS simulation software, and 5 cm × 5 cm copper sheet and iron sheet were used as the metal to be detected. The result shows that the self-induction of the detection coil at the position of the foreign object can achieve a fluctuation of 52.46% and −34.72%, and the resonant frequency of the detection system is offset by 24.7% and −18.82%, respectively. Finally, the experimental platform of MOD system was built, and the effectiveness of the system was verified.

Tannic Acid as a Natural Crosslinker for Catalyst-Free Silicone Elastomers From Hydrogen Bonding to Covalent Bonding.

The construction of silicone elastomers crosslinked by a natural crosslinker under a catalyst-free method is highly desirable. Herein we present catalyst-free silicone elastomers (SEs) by simply introducing tannic acid (TA) as a natural crosslinker when using poly (aminopropylmethylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) (PAPMS) as the base polymer. The crosslinked bonding of these SEs can be easily changed from hydrogen bonding to covalent bonding by altering the curing reaction from room temperature to heating condition. The formability and mechanical properties of the SEs can be tuned by altering various factors, including processing technique, the amount of TA and aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, the molecular weight and -NH2 content of PAPMS, and the amount of reinforcing filler. The hydrogen bonding was proved by the reversible crosslinking of the elastomers, which can be gradually dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and re-formed after removing the solvent. The covalent bonding was proved by a model reaction of catechol and n-decylamine and occurred through a combination of hydroxylamine reaction and Michael addition reaction. These elastomers exhibit good thermal stability and excellent hydrophobic property and can bond iron sheets to hold the weight of 500 g, indicating their promising as adhesives. These results reveal that TA as a natural product is a suitable “green” crosslinker for the construction of catalyst-free silicone elastomers by a simple crosslinking strategy. Under this strategy, TA and more natural polyphenols could be certainly utilized as crosslinkers to fabricate more organic elastomers by selecting amine-containing polymers and further explore their extensive applications in adhesives, sealants, insulators, sensors, and so forth.

PROPOSTA DE SOLUÇÃO PARA DESALINIZAÇÃO DE ÁGUA USANDO ENERGIA SOLAR

Water is abundant on Earth, only about 2.5% is freshwater, and because most of that water is stored as glaciers or deep groundwater, only a small amount of water is easily accessible to humans and animals. This study's motivation is to find a solution for lacking freshwater, converting brackish and seawater to potable water. The main goal was to produce potable water with high-efficiency production using solar energy. The system's main components were the absorber plate painted black, glass cover, insulation, and vessels to collect fresh water. The absorber plate is painted black to absorb solar radiation, preventing its reflection. The plate delivers higher temperatures for saline water to be evaporated and condensed afterward. The basin liner was made of an iron sheet, and the cover is made of ordinary glass, while the basin was covered with glass using silicon rubber. We used 30-degree single slope solar to identify the efficiency of using black stone without using black stone (control). The results showed that the maximum output with black stone and without it was respectively 750 ml and 600 ml; therefore, the use of black stone can increase the productivity for the single slope solar still.Keywords: Solar collector; Potable water; Brackish water.

Deformation Texture Evolution in ARMCO Iron Sheets During Constrained Groove Pressing Followed by Cold Rolling

Deformation Texture Evolution in ARMCO Iron Sheets During Constrained Groove Pressing Followed by Cold Rolling

Relationship Analysis between Multi-Parameters and Ferrite Number in GTAW Based on ANN Model

Ferrite number (FN) is a crucial parameter for austenite steel-welding products, since it has a specific relationship with crack sensitivity and other important properties. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) models were built to predict FN, based on the GTAW tests of 304L plates produced by two different steelworks, Dongfang Special Steel hot-rolled sheet (DFSS) and Anshan Iron and Steel cold-rolled sheet (ASIS). The results show that a high performance, of more than 98% accuracy, can be achieved when the models of DFSS and ASIS are modeled separately, and that accuracy is also above 96% when an integrated model is built. The influences of nitrogen content and multiwelding parameters, such as travel speed, wire-feed rate, welding current and arc length, on FN are also analyzed through the FN-prediction model for DFSS. The results show that FN increases monotonously with the increase of nitrogen content, but the influences of either of the other two parameters on FN are nonlinear.

Assessment of Excess Gamma Dose Exposure Level in Typical Nigeria Commercial Building Materials Distribution Outlets

The gamma dose rate exposure levels from different brands of building materials at commercial distribution stores/shops in two major cities in Ondo State, Nigeria, were measured using a well calibrated Inspector 1000 scintillator detector. The results showed that the different brands of building materials which are Corrugated iron sheet, Aluminum roofing sheets, Conduit pipes, Paints, Cement, PVC pipes, Wash hand basin, Bath tub, Water closet, Kitchen zinc, Asbestos, Floor tiles, Wall tiles, Bullet proof door, Binding wire, rings and rods, Red bricks, Galvanized pipes, Copper pipes, Water tanks contributed excess annual effective doses of 0.332 mSv/y and 0.311mSv/y to store keepers in Ikare Akoko and Akure cities respectively. The indoor and outdoor annual effective dose of each of the investigated two cities are correlated using simple linear regression equations. The results of the modeling and experiment show that annual effective dose received by the occupants of these shops/stores was about 12 % higher than what could be received in a typical natural radiation environment in the two cities because the building materials acts as a source of radiation indoor. The research indicated that the typical habit of using poorly ventilated and confined space as stores/shops by the sales men might subject them to internal exposure through inhalation of radon gas and its short-lived decay products. Implementation of the developed equations would definitely promote rapid determination of outdoor annual effective dose through indoor annual effective dose and ultimately save time and other valuable resources.

Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages of Fiber Fabric Duct and Traditional Iron Sheet Duct

Comparison of Advantages and Disadvantages of Fiber Fabric Duct and Traditional Iron Sheet Duct

Physical Characteristics and Natural Flow Rates of Dry Bean Cultivars of a Local Population Grown In Konya Province of Turkey

In the present study, physical characteristics of some dry bean cultivars (Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz) of a local population grown in Konya province of Turkey were determined and an experimental test set up was used to investigate flow rates on different surfaces (galvanized sheet, plain sheet and painted sheet iron) and different conveyor channel angles (24 0 , 28 0 , 32 0 , 36 0 ). In Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz dry bean cultivars respectively at 10.85, 9.63 and 9.12% moisture levels, average grain lengths were respectively measured as 11.51, 17.56 and 15.09 mm; average widths 7.21, 10.40 and 7.31 mm; average thicknesses as 5.11, 4.92 and 5.76 mm; average geometric mean diameters as 7.51, 9.64 and 8.59 mm; sphericity values as 0.65, 0.55 and 0.57; angle of repose values as 20.07 0 , 21.99 0 and 18.53 0 ; thousand-kernel weights as 229.60, 514.93 and 426.67 g; bulk densities as 682.72, 696.65 and 779.17 kg m -3 . Static coefficient of friction values of the same cultivars (Sarikiz, Basara and Horoz) on galvanized, painted and plain sheet surface were respectively measured as 0.356, 0.441 and 0.427; 0.350, 0.428 and 0.396; 0.344, 0.401 and 0.383. In Horoz dry bean cultivar, the flow was seen on all surfaces and at all channel angles. However, there was no flow in Sarıkız and Basara cultivars on painted sheet surface at 24 o channel angle and no flow in Sarıkız cultivar on plain sheet surface at 24 o channel angle. Among the cultivars, the greatest average flow rate (1.61 kg s -1 ) was achieved in Horoz dry bean cultivar and such a flow rate was mostly designated by grain physical characteristics and surface profile. Surface roughness influenced flow rates and the greatest flow rate on galvanized sheet surface with the lowest surface roughness was measured as 1.66 kg s -1 . The greatest flow rate was obtained from 36 0 conveyor channel angle (2.01 kg s -1 ). Present findings revealed that physical characteristics of the cultivars, channel roughness and angle influenced flow rates.