Iron Man Research Articles

A man of iron will

The article analyzes the monograph by I. E. Barykina, dedicated to the life and work of D. A. Tolstoy.

Fog Computing Enabled Adaptive Prognosis of Cutting Tool Remaining Life through Multi-source Data

Abstract Cutting tool remaining life during machining processes is essential for achieving sustainable production. Traditional prognosis methods are often crippled by the inability to adapt to diverse working conditions across the machining process lifecycle. This paper introduces a fog computing-enabled adaptive prognosis framework utilising multi-source data to address these challenges effectively. The key innovations include: (1) The proposed system integrates power and vibration data collected from LGMazak VTC-16A and IRON MAN QM200 machines. A standardised data fusion method combines multi-source data to enhance robustness and accuracy. (2) The transformer model is employed to improve prognosis accuracy of cutting tool remaining life, best accuracy of 98.24% and an average accuracy of 97.63% are achieved. (3) Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is incorporated to validate the model's predictions to validate reliability of deep learning model. (4) The fog computing optimisation mechanism based on the bees algorithm, which shows fitness value of 0.92 and convergence within 15 iterations. The proposed method reduces total data volume in cloud by 54.12%, prediction time by 33.64% and time complexity in the cloud layer by 4.62%. The effectiveness of fog computing in enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of manufacturing systems is validated through advanced data integration and deep learning techniques.

Spiritual Technologies: The Religious Symbolism of the Digital Universe

This essay attempts to analyse the discourses, gestures and projects of the new digital galaxy’s protagonists who conceive their mission in fundamentally religious terms. It will also aim to trace the intellectual genealogy and conceptual premises of their cultural and communicative vision. This analysis will attempt to define four ideal types based on reference figures taken from mythology and religion as well as the imaginary of contemporary popular culture: Prometheus, Moses, Hermes Trismegistus and Iron Man.

Extending cutting tool remaining life through deep learning and laser shock peening remanufacturing techniques

Predicting and extending the remaining life of cutting tools during machining processes is crucial for sustainable manufacturing. Traditional prognosis methods often struggle to adapt to diverse working conditions throughout the machining process lifecycle. This paper introduced a comprehensive framework that effectively addressed the challenges by integrating multi-source data and using deep learning techniques. The system integrated power and vibration data collected from LGMazak VTC-16A and IRON MAN QM200 machines with the following innovations: (1) A standardized data fusion method was developed to integrate multi-source data sources, the hybrid graph convolutional network (GCN) with attention mechanisms was employed to improve the prognosis accuracy of cutting tool remaining life, best accuracy of 98.56% and average accuracy of 97.71% were achieved. (2) The optimization of laser shock peening (LSP) remanufacturing parameters using the bees algorithm showed good performance, a fitness value of 0.95 was achieved with convergence within 15 iterations. (3) Monitoring of the LSP remanufacturing process was designed based on sound and vibration data for optimal remanufacturing performance. (4) The remanufacturing approach in extending the remaining life of cutting tool was validated through FEA analysis and experimental testing, cutting tool life was extended by 29.32% to achieve a sustainable manufacturing process.

Assessing Broccoli Cultivar Susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola in Georgia

Alternaria leaf blight and head rot (causal agent: Alternaria brassicicola and other Alternaria species) in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) can lead to decreased yields, reduced head quality, and postharvest losses. While cultural practices and fungicides can decrease disease severity, further work is needed to determine resistance or susceptibility in commercial cultivars. This study evaluated susceptibility of 26 cultivars against A. brassicicola in Fall 2021 and 2022 at two locations in Georgia (Tifton and Watkinsville). Commonly used cultivars in the Eastern U.S. were selected and grown in a randomized complete block design. Approximately 20 days after transplant, plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension of A. brassicicola and monitored for disease development. Foliar disease severity, foliar area under disease progression curve (AUDPC), head disease severity, and yield were determined for each cultivar at each location. Significant differences existed among cultivars (year × location) for foliar AUPDC and head disease severity. Foliar AUPDC ranged from 299 to 1818 for both years and locations and head disease severity ranged from 1 to 81% across both years and locations. In this study, cultivars, ‘Eastern Crown’, ‘Emerald Jewel’, ‘Lieutenant’ and ‘Abrams’, had greater foliar and head disease severity and low marketable yields in both locations and years. The cultivars ‘Vallejo’, ‘Emerald Pride, ‘Burney’, ‘Belstar’ ‘Iron Man’, and ‘Marathon’ exhibited low disease severity across both locations and years and maintained greater marketable yields. Proper selection of commercially-available cultivars could help growers maintain yields in areas with high A. brassicicola pressure.

Improving Marvel Hero Classification through Dataset Curation

lores the development of a computer vision model for classifying Marvel superheroes such as Black Widow, Hulk, Iron Man, and Spider-Man. Utilizing a curated dataset sourced from Kaggle, the research emphasizes the critical role of dataset quality in refining model accuracy. Insights gained include adjustments to neural network configurations and leveraging Edge Impulse for enhanced performance. The findings highlight effective strategies for optimizing classification accuracy in complex image recognition tasks.PART 2:This part explores the application of Bayesian logistic regression to model the relationship between temperature and the probability of O-ring failure. By leveraging Bayesian inference techniques, analyzing historical data to quantify the risk associated with temperature variations and emphasize the importance of probabilistic approaches in safety-critical decision-making.The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on January 28, 1986, remains a poignant case study in aerospace engineering failure. The investigation concluded that the failure of O-ring seals in cold temperatures led to the tragic loss of the shuttle and its crew.

“Tender Murderer”: A Psychoanalytic Reading of Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer in Thom Gunn’s Boss Cupid

This article examines Thom Gunn’s poem “Troubadour,” in his final collection Boss Cupid (2000), containing five songs “Hitch-hiker,” “Iron Man,” “The Visible Man,” “A Borrowed Man,” and “Final Song”, all of which are sung by the infamous serial killer, Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer. Gunn’s study of Dahmer, evoking compassion, furnishes a murderer who performs his own role of “troubadour” while singing his intense feelings and aberrant actions from his own voice in a romantic mode. This act of speaking for himself highlights a strong sense of self-awareness and renders a murderer who is cognizant of his miserable situation. Thus, the poet’s treatment is with a particular empathy for such all-consuming sexual passion through an act of romanticizing the killer’s horrendous ways of murdering. Based on the poet’s lack of prejudice towards any propensities and his courage of going against the poetic conventionalities in his time, this study explores Gunn’s portrayal of Dahmer as a ‘tender murderer’, a desperate intimacy seeker victimized by his damaged psyche, thereby having sexual gratification in killing, the only way to stop his partner from leaving him. While the article engages with the phases of Dahmer’s homicidal acts operating on tender feelings in these songs, it does so through Jacques Lacan’s theories of the psyche with its three diagnostic structures: Neurosis, Psychosis, and Perversion. Two of these fundamental categories of diagnosis will be utilized to define particular symptoms, which cater to reading the tender murderer’s motive(s).

From screen to game: Translating Iron Man 2 cinematics into Spanish

Abstract This article presents a descriptive empirical study of the Spanish translation of the video game Iron Man 2 (Sega 2010) in reference to its 50 cinematic sequences and its intertextual consistency across other Iron Man and related texts in the Marvel universe of movies and comic books. We used Rabadán’s (1991) translemic analysis model to analyze the translation while Vázquez Rodríguez’s (2016) taxonomy was applied to evaluate translation errors found in the dialogue script. The analysis shows that roughly one in five of the cinematic scenes contains translation errors. In addition, we have identified intertextual discrepancies of certain key names in Spanish, which, we argue, could disrupt the game’s enjoyability. Without access to the exact situational contexts we can only assume a breakdown in the work process, involving translators, dubbing directors, sound engineers, and QA testers. Additionally, our findings suggest the importance of overseeing the intertextual dimension across the transmedia franchises for coherent storytelling.

IRON MAN is a jack of all trades.

IRON MAN is a jack of all trades.

Parallel Path, Divergent Vision: A Comparative Study of Sardar Patel and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in India's Social Transformation

In the annals of Indian history, few figures loom as large or command as much respect as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Emerging during a tumultuous period marked by colonial rule and social injustice, these two leaders played pivotal roles in shaping the course of India's history. Sardar Patel, known as the 'Iron Man of India'[1] was instrumental in India's struggle for independence and post-independence nation-building efforts. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, hailed as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution,' dedicated his life to fighting against caste-based discrimination and advocating for the rights of the oppressed. This report aims to compare and contrast the lives, ideologies, and contributions of these two visionary leaders, highlighting their similarities and differences and examining their lasting impact on India's history and future.

IMA peptides are dwarf giants fighting for fitness

IRON MAN (IMA) peptides have a critical role in iron uptake and homeostasis, but whether and how they associate with plant immunity signaling remain unclear. Recently, Cao et al. provided intriguing insights into the underlying plant mechanisms that restrict root iron acquisition on perception of microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by spatial IMA-1 turnover.

IMA peptides regulate root nodulation and nitrogen homeostasis by providing iron according to internal nitrogen status

Legumes control root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in response to environmental nitrogen availability. Despite the recent understanding of the molecular basis of external nitrate-mediated control of RNS, it remains mostly elusive how plants regulate physiological processes depending on internal nitrogen status. In addition, iron (Fe) acts as an essential element that enables symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the mechanism of Fe accumulation in nodules is poorly understood. Here, we focus on the transcriptome in response to internal nitrogen status during RNS in Lotus japonicus and identify that IRON MAN (IMA) peptide genes are expressed during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We show that LjIMA1 and LjIMA2 expressed in the shoot and root play systemic and local roles in concentrating internal Fe to the nodule. Furthermore, IMA peptides have conserved roles in regulating nitrogen homeostasis by adjusting nitrogen-Fe balance in L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings indicate that IMA-mediated Fe provision plays an essential role in regulating nitrogen-related physiological processes.

Spatial IMA1 regulation restricts root iron acquisition on MAMP perception.

Iron is critical during host-microorganism interactions1-4. Restriction of available iron by the host during infection is an important defence strategy, described as nutritional immunity5. However, this poses a conundrum for externally facing, absorptive tissues such as the gut epithelium or the plant root epidermis that generate environments that favour iron bioavailability. For example, plant roots acquire iron mostly from the soil and, when iron deficient, increase iron availability through mechanisms that include rhizosphere acidification and secretion of iron chelators6-9. Yet, the elevated iron bioavailability would also be beneficial for the growth of bacteria that threaten plant health. Here we report that microorganism-associated molecular patterns such as flagellin lead to suppression of root iron acquisition through a localized degradation of the systemic iron-deficiency signalling peptide Iron Man 1 (IMA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. This response is also elicited when bacteria enter root tissues, but not when they dwell on the outer root surface. IMA1 itself has a role in modulating immunity in root and shoot, affecting the levels of root colonization and the resistance to a bacterial foliar pathogen. Our findings reveal an adaptive molecular mechanism of nutritional immunity that affects iron bioavailability and uptake, as well as immune responses.

The Interpretation of Past Economic Phenomena and the Prediction of Future Economic Trends Based on Evolutionary Theory

Predicting the future has always been difficult, and it is almost impossible to predict both the direction of the future and the time of its arrival. By comparing the history of natural evolution with the history of economic development, this paper finds that both the traditional real economy in the past and the e-commerce system in the Internet era can find a matching historical period in the history of species evolution. The high degree of similarity between the two proves the close connection of the underlying logic between the two. Therefore, the author puts forward a conjecture: by comparing the natural evolution history to predict the future economic development and direction. The author further verifies this conjecture by viewing Silicon Valley as "the future that has arrived but has not yet been popularized." As the post-pandemic era unfolds, the next wave of economic change and prosperity will most likely occur in the next five to 10 years. The result of this boom is likely to be the rapid rise of the "Iron Man economy".

Cheoljae Kim.

"When I was a kid I wanted to be a scientist like Tony Stark from Iron Man. I desired to create things on my own, and now I am making my own molecules in the flask… The most important quality of a mentor is patience." Find out more about Cheoljae Kim in his Introducing… Profile.

Integration of (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene enables E. coli to become Iron Man E. coli with improved overall tolerance

BackgroundWhile representing a model bacterium and one of the most used chassis in biomanufacturing, performance of Escherichia coli is often limited by severe stresses. A super-robust E. coli chassis that could efficiently tolerant multiple severe stresses is thus highly desirable. Sterols represent a featured composition that distinguishes eukaryotes from bacteria and all archaea, and play a critical role in maintaining the membrane integrity of eukaryotes. All sterols found in nature are directly synthesized from (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene. However, in E. coli, (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene is not present.ResultsIn this study, we sought to introduce (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene into E. coli. By mining and recruiting heterologous enzymes and activation of endogenous pathway, the ability of E. coli to synthesize (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene was demonstrated. Further analysis revealed that this non-native chemical confers E. coli with a robust and stable cell membrane, consistent with a figurative analogy of wearing an “Iron Man’s armor”-like suit. The obtained Iron Man E. coli (IME) exhibited improved tolerance to multiple severe stresses, including high temperature, low pH, high salt, high sugar and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, the IME strain shifted its optimal growth temperature from 37 °C to 42–45 °C, which represents the most heat-resistant E. coli to the best of our knowledge. Intriguingly, this non-native chemical also improved E. coli tolerance to a variety of toxic feedstocks, inhibitory products, as well as elevated synthetic capacities of inhibitory chemicals (e.g., 3-hydroxypropionate and fatty acids) due to improved products tolerance. More importantly, the IME strain was effectively inhibited by the most commonly used antibiotics and showed no undesirable drug resistance.ConclusionsIntroduction of the non-native (S)-2,3-oxidosqualene membrane lipid enabled E. coli to improve tolerance to various stresses. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of introducing eukaryotes-featured compound into bacteria for enhancing overall tolerance and chemical production.

Transcriptome analysis of iron over-accumulating Arabidopsis genotypes uncover putative novel regulators of systemic and retrograde signaling.

On account of its competence to accept and donate electrons, iron (Fe) is an essential element across all forms of life, including plants. Maintaining Fe homeostasis requires precise orchestration of its uptake, trafficking, and translocation in order to meet the demand for Fe sinks such as plastids. Plants harboring defects in the systemic Fe transporter OPT3 (OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER 3) display constitutive Fe deficiency responses and accumulate toxic levels of Fe in their leaves. Similarly, ectopic expression of IRONMAN (IMA) genes, encoding a family of phloem-localized signaling peptides, triggers the uptake and accumulation of Fe by inhibiting the putative Fe sensor BRUTUS. This study aims at elucidating the mechanisms operating between OPT3-mediated systemic Fe transport, activation of IMA genes in the phloem, and activation of Fe uptake in the root epidermis. Transcriptional profiling of opt3-2 mutant and IMA1/IMA3 overexpressing (IMA Ox) lines uncovered a small subset of genes that were consistently differentially expressed across all three genotypes and Fe-deficient control plants, constituting potential novel regulators of cellular Fe homeostasis. In particular, expression of the the F-box protein At1g73120 was robustly induced in all genotypes, suggesting a putative function in the posttranslational regulation of cellular Fe homeostasis. As further constituents of this module, two plastid-encoded loci that putatively produce transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)-derived small ribonucleic acids are possibly involved in retrograde control of root Fe uptake.

IRON MAN interacts with Cu-DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 to maintain copper homeostasis.

Copper (Cu) is essential for plant growth and development. IRON MAN (IMA) is a family of small peptides that can bind both iron (Fe) and Cu ions. It was reported that IMAs mediate Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it remains unclear whether IMAs are involved in Cu homeostasis. The transcript abundance of IMA genes decreased in response to Cu deficiency. The combined disruption of all IMA genes caused enhanced tolerance to Cu deficiency and resulted in an increase in the transcript abundance of Cu uptake genes, whereas the overexpression of IMA1 or IMA3 led to the opposite results. Protein interaction assays indicated that IMAs interact with Cu-DEFICIENCY INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), which is a positive regulator of the Cu uptake genes. Further studies showed that IMAs not only interfere with the DNA binding of CITF1 but also repress the transcriptional activation activity of CITF1, hence resulting in downregulation of the Cu uptake genes. Genetic analyses indicated that IMAs modulate Cu homeostasis in a CITF1-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that IMAs inhibit the functions of CITF1 in regulating Cu deficiency responses, thereby providing a conceptual framework for comprehending the regulation of Cu homeostasis.

The Chivalric Romance in the Age of its Neoliberal Reproducibility: The Orlando Furioso Transcodified in Marvel’s Iron Man Saga

This article interprets Marvel’s Iron Man saga, including the Avengers’ chapters, as a particularly interesting instance of the latest stage of American exceptionalism, here understood as imbricated in the neoliberal society. This reading is built upon the hypothesis that the Avengers’ adventures may be viewed as a twenty-first century development of the chivalric romance and of the knights’ quests, both in narrative and ideological terms. A key facet of this interpretation lies in the realization that technological reproducibility is a crucial aspect both of neoliberalism and of the Marvel’s saga, the latter being the articulation of the traditional chivalric genre according to the contemporary neoliberal principles. Against this background, the article presents the Iron Man movies in continuity with the literary tradition established by Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso.

A Study on the Construction of the National Media Image of American Science Fiction Films in the New Century

As a significant genre of Hollywood blockbusters, science fiction films showcase the unbeatable technological prowess of the United States, serving as a vital avenue for international communication and the display of a powerful national image. Science fiction films have left a distinctive impression on audiences worldwide, portraying the United States as the global leader in technology, owing to the presence of real scientific research facilities, enigmatic scientific symbols, advanced research equipment, and extraordinary imagination within the genre. Since the turn of the century, American science fiction films have undergone a significant shift in their communication strategy, presenting a "hardcore Iron Man" national media image. This paper, employing agenda-setting theory and content analysis methodology, explores the specific pathways through which American science fiction films constructed the national media image from 2000 to 2019.