Iron Ions Research Articles

Synthesis and NEXAFS and XPS Characterization of Pyrochlore-Type Bi1.865Co1/2Fe1/2Ta2O9+Δ

A cubic pyrochlore with the composition Bi1.865Co1/2Fe1/2Ta2O9+Δ (space group Fd-3m, a = 10.5013(8) Å) was synthesized from oxide precursors using solid-phase reactions. These ceramics are characterized by a porous microstructure formed by randomly oriented grains of an elongated shape with a longitudinal size of 0.5–1 µm. The electronic state of cobalt and iron ions in oxide ceramics was studied by NEXAFS and XPS spectroscopy. The parameters of the XPS spectra of Bi4f, Bi5d, Ta4f, Co2p, and Fe2p ionization thresholds for a complex pyrochlore were compared with the parameters of the corresponding oxides of the transition elements. The energy position of the XPS-Ta4f and -Ta5p spectra is shifted towards lower energies compared to the binding energy in tantalum(V) oxide by 0.75 eV. According to XPS spectroscopy, bismuth and tantalum cations have the corresponding effective charge of +3 and +(5-δ). The NEXAFS-Fe2p spectrum of ceramics coincides with the spectrum of Fe2O3 in its main spectrum characteristics and indicates the content of iron ions in the oxide ceramics in the form of octahedral Fe(III) ions, and according to the character of the Co2p spectrum, cobalt ions are predominantly in the Co(II) state.

Iron saturation and binding capacity of lactoferrin - development and validation of a colorimetric protocol for quality control

Among the numerous biofunctional properties of lactoferrin, its ability to bind iron ions can be considered a core function. The saturation level with ferric iron affects the stability and functionality of the protein. To reliably quantify the iron saturation, an assay based on the color reagent Ferrozine was developed and validated concerning the lower detection (0.023 μg mL−1) and quantification limits (0.069 μg mL−1), as well as precision, recovery and accuracy values.The established assay was used to monitor iron uptake, comparing two commercially available bovine lactoferrin powders. Significant differences between the samples were observed. One sample exhibited nearly ideal binding behavior with a high affinity for ferric iron (saturation > 98 %), while the comparison sample did not exceed saturation values >80 %. This finding underscores the importance of assessing the iron status and binding capacity for the quality evaluation of lactoferrin products.

Dual approach in textile wastewater treatment: optimisation and comparison of fluidised-bed and conventional Fenton processes

ABSTRACT This study optimises secondary textile dyeing wastewater removal using fluidised-bed Fenton (FBR-Fenton) and standard Fenton processes for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal efficiency. The Box–Behnken response surface approach optimised pH, iron ion concentration, and hydrogen peroxide concentration. At pH 3.3, [Fe2+] = 2.6 mm, [H2O2] = 6.4 mm in the fluidised bed reactor with 67 g/L quartz sand, with a 50% bed expansion after 40 min, the FBR-Fenton process removed 75.8% COD and 98.0% colour. The standard Fenton method was tuned to pH 3.2, [Fe2+] = 3.1 mm, [H2O2] = 6.6 mm, and COD and colour removal effectiveness of 69.7% and 97.5%, respectively. FBR-Fenton enhanced COD and total iron removal efficiency, reduced chemicals, and reduced sludge by 28.0% compared to conventional Fenton. This study also showed quartz sand reusability in FBR-Fenton treatment cycles. Experimental results matched response surface model predictions, proving regression equation correctness.

Therapeutic effects of natural compounds against diabetic complications via targeted modulation of ferroptosis.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, can result in serious tissue and organ damage due to long-term metabolic dysfunction, leading to various complications. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and developing effective prevention and treatment drugs is crucial. The role of ferroptosis in diabetic complications has emerged as a significant area of research in recent years. Ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death closely linked to iron metabolism imbalance and lipid peroxidation, has garnered increasing attention in studies exploring the potential role of natural products in its regulation. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, outlines detection methods, and synthesizes information from natural product databases. It also summarizes current research on how natural products may regulate ferroptosis in diabetic complications. Studies have shown that these products can modulate the ferroptosis process by influencing iron ion balance and combating oxidative stress. This highlights the potential of natural products in treating diabetic complications by regulating ferroptosis, offering a new strategy for managing such complications.

Effects of Iron Ion Ratios on the Synthesis and Adsorption Capacity of the Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Effects of Iron Ion Ratios on the Synthesis and Adsorption Capacity of the Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials

Novel Schiff base decorated cyclotriphosphazene chemosensors for Fe and Cu ions detection

In this study, new 2-aminobenzothiazole derivative Schiff base decorated cyclotriphosphazene compounds (SBCTP 1 and 2), which are likely to have chemical sensor properties, were designed and synthesized successfully. The compounds were structurally characterized by mass analysis and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopies. Photophysical and chemosensory properties of SBCTP 1 and 2 against some analytes were examined by UV–vis and Fluorescence spectrophotometry. While a significant increase was observed in the UV–vis absorption signals observed at 350 nm with the addition of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and a new absorption band was observed at 290 nm with the addition of Cu2+. In addition, according to Job's plot obtained from UV–vis absorption titrations, the complex stoichiometries of SBCTP 1 and 2 with selective analytes were determined as 1:1 (L/M) and 1:2 (L/M), respectively. The selective interaction of donor atoms on SBCTP 1 and 2 with Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions give these compounds chemosensory properties. This study showed that the synthesized Schiff base decorated cyclotriphosphazene compounds (SBCTP 1 and 2) could be new chemosensors with high selective and immediate sensitivity for the detection of iron and copper ions.

High-throughput screening of green amino acid and surfactant mixtures with high corrosion inhibition efficiency: Experimental and modelling perspectives

A high-throughput screening method is developed for rapid evaluation of corrosion inhibitors. By employing a fluorometric technique, this method quickly assesses the concentration of iron ions converted from corrosion products in the reaction pool to rapidly evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of amino acid and surfactants. Utilizing this high-throughput screening platform, the corrosion inhibition effects of L-cysteine mixed with quaternary ammonium salts of different alkyl chain length were evaluated, and their optimal mixing ratios were determined. Through corrosion experiments and molecular simulations, the synergistic mechanisms of the inhibitor mixtures are revealed.

Mechanistic insights into Fe3O4-mediated inhibition of H2S gas production in sludge anaerobic digestion

The addition of iron-based conductive materials has been extensively validated as a highly effective approach to augment methane generation from anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In this work, it was additionally discovered that Fe3O4 notably suppressed the production of hazardous H2S gas during sludge AD. As the addition of Fe3O4 increased from 0 to 20 g/L, the accumulative H2S yields decreased by 89.2 % while the content of element sulfur and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) respectively increased by 55.0 % and 30.4 %. Mechanism analyses showed that the added Fe3O4 facilitated sludge conductive capacity, and boosted the efficiency of extracellular electron transfer, which accelerated the bioprocess of sulfide oxidation. Although Fe3O4 can chemically oxidize sulfide to elemental sulfur, microbial oxidation plays a major role in reducing H2S accumulation. Moreover, the released iron ions reacted with soluble sulfide, which promoted the chemical equilibrium of sulfide species from H2S to metal sulfide. Microbial analysis showed that some SRBs (i.e., Desulfomicrobium and Defluviicoccus) and SOB (i.e., Sulfuritalea) changed into keystone taxa (i.e., connectors and module hubs) in the reactor with Fe3O4 addition, showing that the functions of sulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation may play important roles in Fe3O4-present system. Fe3O4 presence also increased the content of functional genes encoding sulfide quinone reductase and flavocytochrome c sulfidedehydrogenase (e.g., Sqr and Fcc) that could oxidize sulfide to sulfur. The impact of other iron-based conductive material (i.e., zero-valent iron) was also verified, and the results showed that it could also significantly reduce H2S production. These findings provide new insights into the effect of iron-based conductive materials on anaerobic process, especially sulfur conversion.

A strategy for treatment of low-grade ore: Efficient separation and purification of iron

The gradual depletion of mineral resources has led to the emergence of a new engineering challenge in the field of mineral processing: the effective treatment of low-grade ores. In this study, the low-grade titanium ore leaching solution was employed as the raw material. The extraction ability of a series of hydroxyl extractants for the most common metal iron in minerals was investigated. As a result, a new high-quality processing system for low-grade ore with branched-chain octanol as the core component was constructed. In the treatment of mineral leaching solution, branched-chain octanol has high selectivity and large capacity (111.7 g/L) for iron. It was capable of efficiently removing a significant quantity of iron ions in low-grade ores that were not anticipated to be present. By employing quantum chemical (QC) methodologies, the mechanism for the high selectivity of branched-chain octanol for Fe(Ⅲ) has been elucidated by analyzing the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy of acid salts of common metals in minerals. Combined with spectral analysis and slope method, the structure of the extracted complex was confirmed to be [n-R8-OH]2·H·FeCl4. On the basis of system optimization, a three-stage countercurrent extraction and three-stage countercurrent stripping was employed to remove all the Fe(Ⅲ) in the mineral leaching solution. And after detecting, the purity of the obtained Fe(III) solution was greater than 99.5 %. In the treatment of low-grade minerals, especially those containing key metals, the branched-chain octanol extraction system demonstrates high selectivity and reliability, which is a effective means to improve the quality of mineral leaching solution.

Tetralactam macrocycle based aggregation-induced emission dots for selective detection of Fe3+ in water and drugs

Iron ion (Fe3+) is crucial for both biological organisms and the environment, and iron dyshomeostasis can lead to a variety of diseases and environmental issues. Therefore, the detection of Fe3+ is of significant importance across various fields. For this purpose, through the co-assembly of water-soluble tetralactam macrocycle H and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene (TPE), we prepared a new type of tetralactam macrocycle based aggregation-induced emission dots (AIE-dots), namely TPE@H. TPE@H exhibitted good water-solubility and allowed the water-insoluble TPE to aggregate and exhibit strong fluorescence emission in water. Furthermore, the fluorescence of TPE@H could be quenched by Fe3+ through the inner filter effect, making TPE@H a potential “turn-off” fluorescent probe for Fe3+ detection. TPE@H exhibited a limit of detection as low as 1 μM with high selectivity, and also retained good detection performance in domestic water, human serum, and even drugs, indicating its great potential for biological and environmental monitoring of Fe3+. This study not only provides a green and efficient method for detecting Fe3+, but also expands the approach for application of water-insoluble dyes in the aqueous environment.

Induction of Non-Canonical Ferroptosis by Targeting Clusters Suppresses Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. There is a pressing need to develop novel treatment strategies due to the poor targeting effect of current therapeutics. Here, a gold cluster coated with optimized GBM-targeting peptide is engineered, namely NA. NA can efficiently target GBM both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the uptake of NA significantly sensitizes GBM cells to ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death that can bypass the tumor resistance to apoptosis. This effect is exerted through regulating the HO-1-dependent iron ion metabolism, which is the non-canonical pathway of ferroptosis. The combined treatment of a ferroptosis inducer and NA profoundly inhibited tumor growth in both the GBM spheroid model and a syngeneic mouse model with enhanced ferroptosis levels and excellent biosafety. Importantly, the infiltration of tumoricidal lymphocytes is also significantly increased within tumor. Therefore, NA presents a potential novel nanomaterial-based strategy for GBM treatment.

Sorafenib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Synergistically Enhances the Ferroptosis Effects of Asiatic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural triterpene, which is recognized as effect of antioxidant and antitumor. Sorafenib (Sor), an orally target drug, has been applicate for the HCC therapy. However, the synergistic effect of AA and Sor on human HCC is still unclear. Here, we explore the effect of combined treatment with AA and Sor in the HCC cell line SK-HEP-1 and HepG2. Compared with treating alone, our results demonstrated that AA combined with Sor synergistically inhibited proliferative rates in MTT assay and colony formation assay. We also found that AA combined with Sor in HCC cells strongly caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and affected the protein level of cyclin D1 and SKP2. Furthermore, combination treatment strongly enhanced ferroptosis through cellular accumulation of iron ions, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and FTH1) in HCC cells. In addition, the combined treatment resulted in higher phosphorylation of JNK1/2 in the promotion of ferroptosis than drug treatment alone. These results indicate that AA combined with Sor synergistically improved ferroptosis in HCC cells through the regulation of JNK1/2 signaling. Taken together, the combinatorial strategy may serve as the potential treatment in HCC.

Design and Optimization of Iron-Based Superionic-Like Conductor Anode for High-Performance Lithium/Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Metal selenides have received extensive research attention as anode materials for batteries due to their high theoretical capacity. However, their significant volume expansion and slow ion migration rate result in poor cycling stability and suboptimal rate performance. To address these issues, the present work utilized multivalent iron ions to construct fast pathways similar to superionic conductors (Fe-SSC) and introduced corresponding selenium vacancies to enhance its performance. Based on first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, it is demonstrated that the addition of iron ions and the presence of selenium vacancies reduced the material's work function and adsorption energy, lowered migration barriers, and enhances the migration rate of Li+ and Na+. In Li-ion half batteries, this composite material exhibites reversible capacity of 1048.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 100 cycles and 483.6 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 after 1000 cycles. In Na-ion half batteries, it is 687.7 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 200 cycles and 325.9 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 after 1000 cycles. It is proven that materials based on Fe-SSC and selenium vacancies have great applications in both Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries.

Molecular genetic characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 11 representatives circulating in Russia and their relationship with global genetic lineages

Aim of the study. Genetic analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroups 15 and 11 circulating in Russia according to the following parameters: serotype affiliation; clonal complex (CC); presence of resistance and virulence determinants; relatedness to genetic lineages circulating in the world, and justification of inclusion of the actual serotypes of serogroups 15 and 11 in the future conjugate vaccine composition. Materials and methods. The study included whole genome data of S. pneumoniae serogroups 11 and 15. Results. Genomes of serogroup 15 strains from Russia are represented mainly by serotypes 15B and 15C, the majority of which belong to CC-1025 and CC-1262. CC-1025 is characterized by a more frequent association with invasive diseases. Representatives of CC-1025 and CC-1262 contain virulence determinants unique to these genetic lineages within the studied population of serogroup 15: oligopeptide transporters, fructose-specific PTS system, unique hydrolase variants, additional iron ion transporters, the gene of zinc metalloprotease ZmpC (activating human MMP9). The genomes of serogroup 11 are represented mainly by serotype 11A, the majority belong to CC-62 and CC-1012. The virulence determinants unique to CC-62 (within the studied serogroup 11) include bacteriocins, components of oligopeptide transport, flavin reductase-like protein (adhesin, also protects bacteria from oxidative stress), fucose processing operon, PsaA (adhesin, also a component of the ATP-binding cassette transporter that imports manganese ions). Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, serogroups 15 and 11 are the most common non-vaccine serogroups. No antimicrobial resistance determinants have been identified in the genomes of representatives of these serogroups. For each of the genetic lineages prevalent in Russia and associated with serogroups 15 and 11, unique virulence determinants within the studied serogroup have been identified, which may contribute to the success of these lineages. It is advisable to include serotypes 15B and 11A in vaccines promising for the Russian Federation.

Comprehensive investigation of factors influencing the degradation of polysorbate 20: Insights into mechanisms and interactions using a design of experiments approach

This study investigates the degradation of polysorbate 20 (PS20 HP) in a protein-free formulation under various storage conditions, examining the factors (i) Fe2+, (ii) Fe3+, (iii) H2O2, (iv) glass vial type, (v) fill volume, (vi) oxygen concentration, (vii) PS20 HP batches, (viii) light exposure before storage, and (ix) storage time by a design of experiments approach. In order to ascertain the impact of the factors under examination, realistic concentration ranges have been selected on the basis of observations made in industrial settings. The findings of our investigation demonstrate that the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+, in addition to oxygen, has a significant influence on the degradation of PS20 HP, with Fe2+ exerting a more pronounced effect. The reduction of the oxygen content through nitrogen degassing has been demonstrated to have a pronounced inhibitory effect on PS20 HP degradation, even in the presence of iron ions. Interestingly, the concentration of intact PS20 HP was not significantly affected by H2O2 (tested concentration: 29.4 μM (1 ppm)). Furthermore, other factors including fill volume, PS20 HP batch, and light exposure, did not exert a statistically significant impact on the degradation of PS20 HP over a 12-month period in relation to the other factors.

8-weeks aerobic exercise ameliorates cognitive deficit and mitigates ferroptosis triggered by iron overload in the prefrontal cortex of APP Swe/PSEN 1dE9 mice through Xc-/GPx4 pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by notable pathological features such as neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta deposition. Additionally, the significant iron accumulation in the brain is another important pathological hallmark of AD. Exercise can play a positive role in ameliorating AD, but the mechanism is unclear. The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of regular aerobic exercise iron homeostasis and lipid antioxidant pathway regarding ferroptosis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of APP Swe/PSEN 1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. Eighty 6-month-old C57BL/6 J and APP/PS1 mice were divided equally into 8-weeks aerobic exercise groups and sedentary groups. Subsequently, Y-maze, Morris water maze test, iron ion detection by probe, Western Blot, ELISA, RT-qPCR, HE, Nissle, Prussian Blue, IHC, IF, and FJ-C staining experiments were conducted to quantitatively assess the behavioral performance, iron levels, iron-metabolism-related proteins, lipid antioxidant-related proteins and morphology in each group of mice. In APP/PS1 mice, the increase in heme input proteins and heme oxygenase lead to the elevated levels of free iron in the PFC. The decrease in ferritin content by ferritin autophagy fails to meet the storage needs for excess free iron within the nerve cells. Ultimately, the increase of free ferrous iron triggers the Fenton reaction, may lead to ferroptosis and resulting in cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. However, 8-weeks aerobic exercise induce upregulation of the Xc-/GPx4 pathway, which can reverse the lipid peroxidation process, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in APP/PS1 mice. 8 weeks aerobic exercise can improve learning and memory abilities in AD, upregulate GPx4/Xc- pathway in PFC to reduce ferroptosis induced by AD.

Characteristics of the Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Positive Blood Culture of a Premature Newborn Baby According to the Results of Whole Genome Sequencing

Relevance. K. pneumoniae is a common nosocomial pathogen in pediatric hospitals, often characterized by the presence of a wide range of virulence factors and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance. Аim. To analyze the results obtained during wholegenome sequencing of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a positive blood culture of a premature newborn. Materials and methods. An ESBL-producing strain of K. pneumoniae isolated from a positive blood culture of a newborn premature infant. Sequencing was performed on the MiSeq platform (Illumina). Analysis of DNA nucleotide sequences of the complete genome of K. pneumoniae was carried out using the website of the Center for Genomic Epidemiology. The search for genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance and virulence was carried out using online services. Results and its discussion. The resulting nucleotide sequence was 5,414,099 bp in length, and the proportion of GC nitrogenous bases was 57.3%. The isolated strain belonged to the sequence type ST3559, had 4 genes encoding the synthesis of enzymes that hydrolyze antibacterial drugs from the beta-lactam group, 2 genes providing resistance to quinolones/fluoroquinolones, 1 resistance gene each to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Most of the virulence factor genes identified in the studied strain ensure the recognition and absorption of iron ions necessary for the competitive functioning of the bacterial cell. K. pneumoniae possesses the acrA efflux pump gene and its regulators, as well as 4 prophage particles and 1 CRISPCas IE system. Conclusions. Whole-genome sequencing of the K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a positive blood culture of a premature newborn allows us to characterize in detail the causative agent of a generalized infection and detect a wide range of genetic determinants of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The ESBL-producing strain of K. pneumoniae, as the etiological agent of neonatal sepsis, was characterized by the presence of virulence genes, multidrug resistance, both due to genes encoding enzymes that hydrolyze antibiotics, and due to the presence of efflux pumps and their regulators. The use of the results of traditional cultural research methods together with high-throughput sequencing data is a promising area of scientific research and has a reserve of practical application in the field of clinical medicine, genetics of microorganisms, molecular epidemiology at the local and global levels

Genistein and daidzein induce ferroptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in targeting ferroptosis for the treatment and prevention of multiple cancers. This study aimed to assess the contribution of ferroptosis to the antiproliferative effects of genistein (GN) and daidzein (DZ) in breast cancer cell lines. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were employed as an in vitro model. The antiproliferative effects of GN and DZ were determined by WST-1 assay in the presence of specific inhibitors of different cell death pathways. The mRNA expressions of Gpx4 and Fsp-1, the levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, and intracellular iron ion content were assessed in GN- or DZ-treated cells. GN and DZ were found to cause ferroptotic cell death in MDA-MB-231, as confirmed by the reversal of viability when cells were pretreated with ferrostatin-1. Furthermore, both phytochemicals induced biochemical markers of ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation and iron ions levels, and decreased GSH/GSSG levels. The mRNA expression levels of the main anti-ferroptotic genes, Gpx4 and Fsp-1, were diminished by the treatment of both phytochemicals. Surprisingly, ferroptosis did not play a role in GN- or DZ-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Our findings highlight the potential of GN and DZ as ferroptosis inducers in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

The Efficiency of Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation Methods for Pretreatment of Wastewater from Underground Coal Gasification

This article compares chemical coagulation with electrocoagulation, two popular methods for the primary treatment of wastewater generated in the process of underground coal gasification (UCG). The primary aim was to determine which method is more effective in the removal of cyanide and sulphide ions, metals and metalloids, as well as organic compounds. In both cases, experiments were conducted in batch 1 dm3 reactors and using iron ions. Four types of coagulants were tested during the chemical coagulation study: FeCl2, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, and FeCl3. In the electrocoagulation experiments, pure iron Armco steel was used to manufacture the sacrificial iron anode. Both processes were tested under a wide range of operating conditions (pH, time, Fe dose) to determine their maximum efficiency for treating UCG wastewater. It was found that, through electrocoagulation, a dose as low as 60 mg Fe/dm3 leads to >60% cyanide reduction and >98% sulphide removal efficiency, while for chemical coagulation, even a dose of 307 mg Fe/dm3 did not achieve more than 24% cyanide ion removal. Moreover, industrial chemical coagulants, especially when used in very high doses, can be a substantial source of cross-contamination with trace elements.

Selective leaching of lithium from mixed spent lithium iron phosphate powder

In recent years, lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries have been widely used in the electric vehicle industry. The recycling of spent LFP will be propitious to conserving resources and alleviating the environmental risks it poses. In this study, a selective extraction method for lithium from spent LFP was proposed using nitric acid. Lithium leached into the liquid phase, while P and Fe remained in the leaching residue. Under the conditions of 120°C, HNO3/Li molar ratio of 2, and time of 2 h, the leaching efficiency of lithium reached 99.5 %, with a selectivity reaching 82.1 %. Initially, LFP was decomposed to liberate Li, Fe, and P in the liquid phase. Subsequently, ferrous ions were oxidized to trivalent, high-valent iron ions re-precipitated as FePO4·2 H2O. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the temperature and pH value of the extraction system have significant influence on both the oxidation and reprecipitation steps. An imbalance of Fe/P ratio (<1) in the raw material hinders the selectivity of lithium extraction, and supplementing this portion of Fe can enhance the selectivity to over 90 %. Additionally, LiCO3 and anhydrous FePO4 were effectively regenerated from the leachate and residue. This study provides a novel approach for the recycling of spent LFP and probably contributes to the sustainability of the lithium ion battery industry.