Iron Deficiency Anemia In Pregnancy Research Articles

Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Leading cause of anemia is due to thedeficiency of iron in pregnant women. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy particularly for those who had unsatisfactory response to oral iron therapy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an open label, observational study that was carried out in Jamal Noor Hospital, Karachi for 6 months by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique, after taking ethical approval. Seventy two pregnant women with level of Hb equivalent to or <10 g/dl, Serum ferritin level equivalent to or <10 μg/l with the age ranging from 18-40 years, Gestational age 16 weeks or above were included in the study. A two times-weekly dose of 200 mg of iron sucrose (Axifer) intravenously were infused to pregnant women. However, the dose was calculated for every patient through total iron deficit. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The study results showed that the mean age of the pregnant womenwas 25.83±5.03 years, their mean weight was 59.50±10.28 kg, and their mean gestational week was 28.88±4.09. It showed that both the haemoglobin (9.01±0.74 mg/dl versus 11.92±11.07 mg/dl), (p<0.001) and ferritin levels (9.85±12.38 ng/ml versus 50.74±59.42 ng/ml), (p<0.001)were significantly increased at term after receiving intravenous iron sucrose as compared to the baseline.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study concluded that the administration of iron sucrose (Axifer) intravenously is a secure and effective choice in the management of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women particularly for those who had inadequate response to oral iron supplementation.</p>

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

This article examines the effects of maternal anemia and iron deficiency on pregnancy outcomes. The effects of iron supplementation on the health of the mother and her baby during pregnancy and after childbirth are still well understood. Anemia is a common problem in childbirth and maternity care. True anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level below 10.5 g/dL, excluding the age of pregnancy. Malnutrition, viral and bacterial infections, and congenital red cell illnesses like Thalassemia are the most common causes of anaemia during pregnancy. In pregnant women, iron deficiency is a prevalent cause of anaemia. Eliminated iron reserves, iron-free erythropoiesis without anaemia, and iron deficiency anaemia, which is the most common form of iron shortage, are the stages of iron insufficiency. Conclusion: Iron supplements should be given in the most efficient way. Oral metal formulas are widely used due to their performance and low cost. Parental therapy should only be used in the treatment of reasonable and severe anaemia when quick iron rehabilitation is required. The World Health Assembly has proposed the goal of reducing maternal anaemia by 5025 by 2025, and the U.S. Global Health Effort's Feed the Future has focused on maternal blood loss as a major concern.

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Anemia in pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. There is increasing awareness amongst obstetricians about the need to screen for iron deficiency anemia (IDA), as well as growing literature on diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to summarize causes, consequences, treatment, and evaluation of IDA in pregnancy. National guidelines provide varying guidance on diagnosis and treatment of IDA in pregnancy. Serum ferritin is a helpful adjunct for the diagnosis of IDA. Oral iron remains an option for treatment; absorption is improved with every other day dosing and is effective for patients able to tolerate. Emerging studies on modern generations of intravenous (IV) iron demonstrate shorter infusion times and improved safety profiles. Notably, recent UK guidelines provide consideration for universal IV iron supplementation for treatment of anemia beyond 34 weeks of pregnancy. Iron, in dietary, oral, and IV forms, has been found effective in resolving anemia in pregnancy. Pregnant people with IDA in the third trimester are more likely to benefit from IV iron. Future studies designed and powered to assess maternal and perinatal morbidity indicators and blood transfusion rates can strengthen recommendations.

Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide. Anemia, defined by the World Health Organization as hemoglobin < 11 g/dl, is frequently seen in the antenatal period and affects 4-48% of women who give birth and severe anemia, with hemoglobin levels <9 g/dl .This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose. (FCM) in comparison with intravenous Iron sucrose complex (ISC) for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.: A comparative, interventional, prospective study was carried out in 100 antenatal patients with Anemia (hemoglobin level between 5 to 9.5 gm/dl) in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government Medical College, Baroda, Gujarat, India from September 2017 to August 2018. The subjects were randomized in two groups. First group receiving 1000 mg of intravenous iron sucrose divided in five doses on alternate days (200 mg each) and Second group receiving 1000 mg of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose.: Maximum number of patients in our study were belonged to low socioeconomic group, significantly higher number of women achieved rise of hemoglobin >2gm/dl in FCM group, which was highly significant (p value <0.001). Mean rise of hemoglobin was 1.9 g/dl for FCM group and 1.66gm/dl for iron sucrose group, which was also significant. Serum ferritin level in ferric carboxymaltose group was rises more as compared to iron sucrose group. Unpaired‘t’ test was used to test the significance of rise and compare the rise between two groups.Ferric carboxymaltose is an efficient and better alternative to Iron Sucrose in treating iron deficiency anemia of pregnancy. It has an added advantage of single dose regime with lower side effects.

Effect of Punarnavadi Mandoora in the Management of Garbhini Pandu w.s.r to Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy –A Review

India is one of the countries where anaemia during pregnancy is common. Anemia in pregnancy is caused by a various factors. The most common disorder in a pregnant woman is iron deficiency anaemia. Rasa Pradoshaja vikara is a disorder that arises due to inappropriate Rasa Dhatu in the mother and constantly rising foetal demands. According to Ayurvedic classics, for decades, a variety of Lauha preparations have been used to treat anaemia. Punarnava Mandoora is an Ayurvedic preparation that has been described in various Ayurvedic texts. It's a traditional Ayurvedic treatment for a variety of ailments. It works as a diuretic, cleanses the blood, and increases blood circulation. It raises hemoglobin levels and alleviates anaemia symptoms. Punarnava Mandoora is also used for Oedema, Pliha vikara (Spleen diseases), Yakruta vikara (Liver diseases), Udara (Abdominal distention), Arsha (Hemorrhoids), and Twacha vikara (Skin diseases). This review article highlights effect of Punarnavadi mandoor in the management of Garbhini Pandu W.S.R to anemia in pregnancy

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women in Riyadh and to examine its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: This study is a subgroup analysis from Riyadh mother and baby multicenter cohort study. Participants were grouped into four groups according to hemoglobin level: nonanemic (≥11.0 g/100 ml), mild (10–10.9 g/100 ml), moderate (7.0–9.9 g/100 ml), and severe anemia (<7.0 g/100 ml). Regression analyses were conducted to extrapolate the predicted probability (PP) for pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Out of 10,600 participants, 3261 (30.76%) were anemic; 1729 (16.3%), 1520 (14.3%), and 12 (0.1%) had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. The odds of anemia was higher in younger mothers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–0.94) and in primiparous (OR = 1.01, CI: 0.90–1.14), while attendants of antenatal care and those who received iron supplements were less likely to be anemic (OR = 0.93, CI: 0.82–1.06) and (OR = 0.92, CI: 0.77–1.09), respectively. There was a significant increase in the odds of lower APGAR with the decreased hemoglobin; an increment of maternal hemoglobin by 1 g/100 ml decreased the likelihood of APGAR scores <7 by 9% (OR = 0.91, CI: 0.83–0.99). The PP showed a decrease in preterm birth (PTB) rate from 8% (CI: 6%–9%) to 6.5% (CI: 5%–8%), low birth weight (LBW) rate from 12% (CI 10%–13%) to 11% (CI: 9%–12%), stillbirth rate from 1.3% (CI: 0.7%–2.1%) to 1.1% (CI: 0.7%–1.6%), and maternal admission to intensive care unit (ICU) from 0.8% (CI: 0.2%–1.5%) to 0.2% (CI: 0.06%–0.4%), with increase of maternal hemoglobin from 7 g/100 ml to 15 g/100 ml. CONCLUSION: More than a third of the pregnant women in Riyadh had mild-to-moderate anemia. The odds of anemia increased in primipara, younger mothers, and those without antenatal care or iron supplementation. PP showed that anemia is associated with low APGAR scores, LBW, PTB stillbirth, and maternal admission to ICU.

Intravenous versus Oral Iron for Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy (IVIDA): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) can have serious consequences for mothers and babies. Iron supplementation is recommended, but the administration route is controversial. We sought to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the effectiveness and safety of intravenous (IV) iron compared with oral iron on perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with IDA. This open-label RCT randomized patients with IDA (hemoglobin [hgb] <10 g/dL and ferritin <30 ng/mL) at 24 to 34 weeks' to oral iron or single 1,000-mg dose of IV low-molecular weight iron dextran over one hour. The primary outcome was maternal anemia at delivery (hgb < 11 g/dL). Secondary outcomes were mild/moderate or severe adverse reactions, maternal hgb and ferritin at delivery, blood transfusion, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, neonatal hgb and ferritin, and composite neonatal morbidity. Analysis was as per protocol. The trial was stopped early for logistical reasons, and the data analyzed as preliminary data to inform a larger, potentially externally funded, definitive trial. Of 55 patients approached, 38 consented. Of these, 15 were withdrawn: 5 received IV iron from their primary obstetrician after being randomized to oral iron and 10 declined to receive IV iron. Of the remaining 23 patients, who were included in the analytic population, 13 received oral iron and 10 received IV iron. The rate of maternal anemia at delivery (hgb < 11 g/dL) was high overall but significantly reduced with IV iron (40 vs. 85%, p = 0.039). Rates of maternal hgb < 10 g/dL were significantly lower in the IV iron group (10 vs. 54%, p = 0.029). There were no severe adverse reactions and similar rates of mild/moderate reactions between groups. IV iron reduces rates of anemia at the time of admission for delivery, supporting a larger RCT comparing IV versus oral iron for the treatment of IDA of pregnancy powered for definitive clinical outcomes. However, issues uncovered in this RCT suggest that patient, clinician, and systems-level barriers associated with different IDA treatment modalities must be considered prior to conducting a larger RCT. This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov with identifier no.: NCT03438227. · IV iron decreases rates of anemia on admission for delivery compared with oral iron.. · In an unblinded randomized trial, a significant proportion of patients preferred alternate therapy.. · Future RCTs should incorporate double-blinded technique to reduce risk of patient crossover.. · Results from feasibility trial support a larger RCT comparing IV to oral iron for IDA in pregnancy..

A comparative study of efficacy, safety and compliance of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia of pregnancy

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia worldwide and is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity. Current options for treatment include oral iron supplementation which can be ineffective and poorly tolerated, intravenous iron which can be used in patients who are intolerant to or unresponsive to oral iron and red blood cell transfusions which carry an inherent risk because of which it should be avoided. Intravenous iron therapy may reduce the requirement for allogenic blood transfusion. Ferric carboxymaltose is a new intravenous iron formulation promising to be more effective and as safe as iron sucrose. It may even have a better compliance as it offers the administration of a much higher iron dosage at a time.The study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of IV ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia of pregnant women with moderate anaemia in the second and third trimester.A hospital based randomized prospective study was done from July 2013 to June 2015 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Baseline haemoglobin, peripheral smear and serum ferritin levels were measured to diagnose iron deficiency anaemia. 60 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and who formed the study subjects were randomly allocated into two groups comprising of 30 in Group C (Received ferric carboxymaltose) and 30 in Group S (Received iron sucrose). Outcome was assessed by measuring haemoglobin 3 weeks after treatment and a comparison of the safety and efficacy between the two groups was made. In the present study the commonest age group was 21 to 30 years: 80% in group C and 73.3% in group S and mean age of the study population in group C and S was comparable (25.2±3.54 vs 24.8±4.58 years). The socio demographic characteristics, obstetric history, vitals and pretreatment haemoglobin were comparable in both the groups (p&amp;#62;0.050). The post treatment haemoglobin levels in 63.3% of the women in group C compared to 46.7% in group S were found to be 11 or more and mean post treatment haemoglobin levels were comparable in group C and group S (11.016±0.789 vs 10.73±0.821 gm%; p=0.174). In the present study, post treatment mean increase in haemoglobin levels was noted between 2.0 to 2.5 gm% in 43.3% of the women in group C compared to 50.0% in group S. Ferric carboxymaltose administration in pregnant women in the second and third trimesters is well tolerated and is not associated with any clinical safety concerns. Both ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose have a comparable safety profile even when ferric carboxymaltose was administered in a much higher dosage compared to iron sucrose. Ferric carboxymaltose should be considered as the drug of choice, if i.v. iron treatment becomes necessary in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

Perspectives of Pregnant Women Regarding Iron Deficiency Anemia

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy worldwide is nearly half of pregnant women. It impacts on women and offspring outcomes during pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period associated with increasing rate of preterm labor, pregnancy induced hypertension, low birth weight, perinatal death including postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, unsuccessful rate of exclusive breast feeding, and postpartum depression. Inadequate iron intake, maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, and bleeding were indicated as common causes of IDA in pregnancy. The objective was to explore the experiences of pregnant women regarding IDA.Methods: A total of eighteen women between 16-36 weeks gestation participated in the qualitative research. Women were selected by purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria to in-depth interviewed at antenatal care clinic, Watbot hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand.Results: Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews identified four main themes: iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant as a normal pregnancy; concern on food rather than hematocrit (Hct) level; maternal instinct in healthy baby; and low socioeconomic as a main obstacle. Conclusion: The findings illustrated to enhance better understanding the nature, attitude, knowledge, perception, and behavior of pregnant women on IDA, facilitators to support women for healthy behavior, and barriers to IDA in pregnancy based on Thai context.

Oral iron versus intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: a retrospective study

Oral iron versus intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy: a retrospective study

Iron Sucrose Induced Near Fatal Anaphylaxis in a Postnatal Mother

Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy can lead to significant adverse effects on the mother and fetus. Patients with iron deficiency anemia are treated with parenteral iron therapy when oral iron therapy is ineffective or in case of non-compliance due to side effects. Parenteral iron preparations such as iron dextran and sodium ferric gluconate complex can cause side effects including life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. However, parenteral iron sucrose has a favorable safety profile and anaphylactic reactions are extremely rare. We report a rare case of near-fatal anaphylaxis following intravenous iron sucrose therapy in a postnatal mother with iron deficiency anemia.

Iron parameters in pregnant women with beta-thalassaemia minor combined with iron deficiency anaemia compared to pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia alone demonstrate the safety of iron supplementation in beta-thalassaemia minor during pregnancy.

In patients with beta-thalassaemia intermedia or major, hepcidin induces iron overload by continuously promoting iron absorption. There have been no studies in pregnant women with beta-thalassaemia minor combined with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), examining whether hepcidin is inhibited by GDF15, as may occur in patients with beta-thalassaemia intermedia or major, or whether the iron metabolism characteristics and the effect of iron supplementation are consistent with simple IDA in pregnancy. We compared and analysed routine blood parameters, iron metabolism parameters, the GDF15 levels, and the hepcidin levels among four groups, namely the beta-thalassaemia (β)+IDA, β, IDA, and normal groups. In addition, the β+IDA and IDA groups received iron supplementation for four weeks. We found no statistically significant correlation between hepcidin and GDF15 in any group, but a positive correlation was observed between hepcidin and ferritin. After iron supplementation, the routine blood parameters and iron metabolism parameters in the β+IDA group were improved, and the hepcidin content was significantly increased. These results suggest that in pregnant women with beta-thalassaemia minor, hepcidin functions normally to maintain iron homeostasis, and that iron supplementation is effective and safe.

RAPIDIRON: Reducing Anaemia in Pregnancy in India\u2014a 3-arm, randomized-controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of oral iron with single-dose intravenous iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women and reducing low birth weight deliveries

BackgroundAnaemia is a worldwide problem and iron deficiency is the most common cause. In pregnancy, anaemia increases the risk of adverse maternal, foetal and neonatal outcomes.India’s anaemia rate is among the highest in the world with India’s National Family Health Survey indicating over 50% of pregnant women were affected by anaemia.India’s Anaemia Mukt Bharat-Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative aims to reduce the prevalence of anaemia among reproductive-age women, adolescents and children by 3% per year and facilitate the achievement of a Global World Health Assembly 2025 objective to achieve a 50% reduction of anaemia among women of reproductive age.However, preliminary results of the NFHS-5 survey completed in 2020 indicate that anaemia rates are increasing in some states and these targets are unlikely to be achieved. With oral iron being the first-line treatment for iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in pregnancy, these results are likely to be impacted by the side effects, poor adherence to tablet ingestion and low therapeutic impact of oral iron. These reports suggest a new approach to treating IDA, specifically the importance of single-dose intravenous iron infusions, may be the key to India effectively reaching its targets for anaemia reduction.MethodsThis 3-arm, randomized controlled trial is powered to report two primary outcomes. The first is to assess whether a single dose of two different intravenous formulations administered early in the second trimester of pregnancy to women with moderate IDA will result in a higher percentage of participants achieving a normal for pregnancy Hb concentration at 30–34 weeks’ gestation or just prior to delivery when compared to participants taking standard doses of oral iron. The second is a clinical outcome of low birth weight (LBW) (< 2500 g), with a hypothesis that the risk of LBW delivery will be lower in the intravenous iron arms when compared to the oral iron arm.DiscussionThe RAPIDIRON trial will provide evidence to determine if a single-dose intravenous iron infusion is more effective and economically feasible in reducing IDA in pregnancy than the current standard of care.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry – India CTRI/2020/09/027730. Registered on 10 September 2020, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/showallp.php?mid1=46801&EncHid=&userName=anemia%20in%20pregnancy

Incidence and predictors of iron deficiency anaemia in parturients undergoing elective caesarean section at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand: a retrospective, observational cohort study

BackgroundWorldwide, iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is a significant problem which can be especially problematic when delivery is by caesarean section, a procedure associated with significant blood loss. Optimising iron stores pre-delivery remains an overarching goal. We aim to measure the incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in patients undergoing elective caesarean section at our institution and determine any associated predictors, as well as adverse outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort study of patients presenting for elective caesarean section over a two-year period. Patient data was collected from hospital electronic records. Iron deficiency anaemia was defined a haemoglobin < 110 g/L and a ferritin < 30 μg/L in the three-month period prior to delivery. The primary aim was to establish the incidence of iron deficiency anaemia at the time of delivery and any associated predictors. Secondary outcomes included any association between the primary outcome and complications defined by the hospital discharge complication coding system, as well as an evaluation of the number of blood tests carried out antenatally per trimester.ResultsOne thousand and ninety-three women underwent caesarean section over the study period and 16.2% had iron deficiency anaemia. Patients with iron deficiency anaemia were more likely to be of Māori and Pacific Island ethnicity, have a greater booking body mass index, be younger and have a greater parity. Pre-operative anaemia was associated with a greater likelihood of post-operative blood transfusion.ConclusionsThere remains potential for optimisation of iron deficiency anaemia in our local population undergoing elective caesarean section.

Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy and its prevention; paradigm changes over three decades

In Sri Lanka, the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy was estimated to be approximately 29% in 2001 but is estimated to have significantly reduced to be &lt; 20%, at least in certain areas, during the last decade. Among its many causes, nutritional iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the commonest, but establishing a definitive diagnosis is difficult. Strategies adopted globally, as well as in Sri Lanka, to prevent IDA in pregnancy, have changed significantly during the last three decades. A comprehensive literature review was carried out and inter alia three relevant World Health Organization Guidelines, in which the author was a member of the guideline development group and six other publications of the author, on the topic of iron deficiency (ID) and IDA in pregnancy are included in this review. Ten studies on the detection and prevention of ID and IDA in pregnancy, carried out from 1990 to 2017 at the Academic Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit (AOGU) of the Teaching Hospital Mahamodera, Galle (THMG) are described. The results and conclusions of these studies were: poor compliance and unsatisfactory methods of ingestion of the antenatal oral iron supplement could have contributed to the high rates of ID and IDA at term during the period 1990 to 1992; haematological indices during pregnancy need to be interpreted with caution; although the agreement between haematological indices obtained from different laboratories in Galle in 2000 was unsatisfactory, better agreement was observed in 2015; the rates of ID and IDA in pregnant women presenting for antenatal care to the AOGU of the THMG have significantly decreased from approximately 69% and 44% respectively in 1990 to approximately 37% and 17% respectively in 2015. Therefore, weekly antenatal oral iron supplements should be adequate to improve birth outcomes in the non-anaemic women attending this clinic.

Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy.

Anemia is defined as a low red blood cell count, a low hematocrit, or a low hemoglobin concentration. In pregnancy, a hemoglobin concentration of less than 11.0 g/dL in the first trimester and less than 10.5 or 11.0 g/dL in the second or third trimester (depending on the guideline used) is considered anemia. Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality in pregnancy. Maternal anemia is associated with adverse fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes, but causality is not established. Maternal anemia increases the likelihood of transfusion at delivery. Besides hemodilution, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends screening for anemia with a complete blood count in the first trimester and again at 24 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks of gestation. Mild anemia, with a hemoglobin of 10.0 g/dL or higher and a mildly low or normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is likely iron deficiency anemia. A trial of oral iron can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Mild anemia with a very low MCV, macrocytic anemia, moderate anemia (hemoglobin 7.0-9.9 g/dL) or severe anemia (hemoglobin 4.0-6.9 g/dL) requires further investigation. Once a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is confirmed, first-line treatment is oral iron. New evidence suggests that intermittent dosing is as effective as daily or twice-daily dosing with fewer side effects. For patients with iron deficiency anemia who cannot tolerate, cannot absorb, or do not respond to oral iron, intravenous iron is preferred. With contemporary formulations, allergic reactions are rare.

Study of efficacy and compliance of iron sucrose in iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy

A prospective study conducted at Apollo Medical College & Hospital to study the intravenous iron sucrose efficacy in moderate iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in patients between 14-34 weeks of gestational age.100 patients with moderate iron deficiency anemia with hemoglobin between 7 -10 gm/dl and serum ferritin less than 15mg/ltand peripheral blood picture showing microcytic hypochromic anemia were included in the current study. Majority patients were multiparous with a mean age of 22.9 years and gestational period of 30-34weeks. 60% were vegetarians and 40% non -vegetarians in the present study. Out of100 patients, 70% were from rural area whereas 30% were from urban area. In the present study the mean change of pre-treatment and post- treatment heamoglobin level is found to be 1.6460 which is statistically significant. The median of pre-treatment and post treatment serum ferritin level is found to be 132.2680 which is statistically significant. Largely Iron sucrose can be a treatment of choice with no serious side effects and is indicated for correction of anemia in pregnancy or restoring maternal iron stores. Hence intravenous iron sucrose treatment will certainly help to reduce risk of homologous blood transfusions and correction of anemia.

Effect of health promotion instructions regarding iron deficiency anemia on young pregnant women's knowledge and practice :)A pre and post study)

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem and one of the leading causes responsible for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate effect of health promotion instructions regarding iron deficiency anemia on young pregnant women's knowledge and practice. Design: Aquasi-experimental design was utilized to fulfill the aim of the study. Sample: A purposive sample composed of 100 young pregnant women. Setting: The present study was conducted at two Maternal and Child Health Centers (Al Nahal Medical Center and Sheba MCH) affiliated with the Zagazig City Ministry of Health and Population. Tools of data collections: Data were collected by using five tools. Tool I: through an interviewing questionnaire form, Tool II: Pregnant women assessment sheet, Tool III: Assessment of women knowledge, Tool IV: Observation checklist and Tool VI Follow up record. Results: after implantation of health promotion instructions the mean hemoglobin level was increase among the study subjects in second and third trimester compared that in first trimester also there is a regress of signs and symptom of anemia in second and third trimester. As well as marked improvement of women total knowledge and practices towards IDA from 55% in pre to 83% in post and 80% in follow up of health promotion instructions. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the implementation of health promotion instructions improve young pregnant women’s dietary knowledge and practice thus it proved to be successful in raising the hemoglobin level. Recommendations: A nutrition education is recommended to enhance the nutritional knowledge of young mothers about iron rich foods, enhancer and inhibitors of iron absorption. Also should be provided with instructional booklets about anemia based on scientific background to improve their knowledge

Immunogistochemical evaluation of vimentin expression in myometric vessel endothelium in the projection of the uterine-placental area during iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in the aspect of chronic placental insufficiency

Immunogistochemical evaluation of vimentin expression in myometric vessel endothelium in the projection of the uterine-placental area during iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in the aspect of chronic placental insufficiency

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy.

Prenatal iron deficiency occurs in more than 30% of pregnancies in Canada.[1][1] It has been linked with low birth weight, small for gestational age size, preterm birth, need for blood transfusion for the mother, postpartum hemorrhage[2][2],[3][3] and long-term neurocognitive effects in childhood.[4