Iron Core Structure Research Articles

Oxidation progress and inner structure during single micron-sized iron particles combustion in a hot oxidizing atmosphere

The present experimental study focuses on the determination of the oxidation progress and internal structures during the combustion of single iron particles using combined in-situ optical measurements and ex-situ material examination of rapidly quenched particles. Narrowly sieved iron particles with a mean diameter of 49µm are ignited and burn in the hot exhaust of a premixed CH4/O2/N2 flat flame with remaining 20vol% O2, provided by a laminar flow reactor with well-defined thermal and flow boundary conditions. During particle combustion, key parameters of oxidation progress are determined optically in a time-resolved manner, such as the time-resolved particle surface temperature and the reaction time relative to the instant of the particle peak temperature. Furthermore, individually burning particles are rapidly quenched at different combustion stages and then extracted from the exhaust gas using an isokinetic extraction probe. The bulk composition of the quenched particles with respect to α-Fe and its three oxides FeO, Fe3O4, and Fe2O3 is determined using Wide-angle X-ray Scattering and 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy. Combining the information obtained from in-situ and ex-situ measurements, it is shown that iron particles oxidize rapidly to FeO during the initial stage of combustion, followed by a much slower oxidation to Fe3O4 as the particles cool down. The peak particle temperatures are measured during the fast initial oxidation. Finally, particles sampled from representative positions of the oxidation process are analyzed by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy, revealing different particle morphology and internal structures. For the first time, the clear presence of an oxide shell and iron-core structure in quenched particles suggests that liquid iron and liquid iron oxide are layered during liquid phase combustion, if the particle remains within the miscible gap.

Comparative Study on DC Winding Induced Voltage Pulsation of Wound Field Flux Modulation Machines Having Different Iron Core Structures

Comparative Study on DC Winding Induced Voltage Pulsation of Wound Field Flux Modulation Machines Having Different Iron Core Structures

Simulation and Experimental Study on Harmonic Optimization of Magnetically Controlled Reactor Based on Multistage Saturated Magnetic Valve Structure

The magnetically controlled reactor adjusts its output capacity based on the principle of magnetic saturation. Due to the iron core working in the saturated region, higher harmonics will be generated in the working current. A large number of harmonics will affect the power quality and safety of the power system. This study derives the expression for the harmonic content of a magnetically controlled reactor with a multistage saturated magnetic valve core structure. The magnetization curves of different iron core structures can be obtained through expressions. This study used different magnetization curves for simulations of magnetically controlled reactors. The suppression effect of the multilevel magnetic valve structure on harmonics was analyzed through simulation results. A prototype of a magnetically controlled reactor with a two-stage magnetic valve structure was manufactured, and dynamic response tests were conducted. The experimental results show that the harmonic content in the working current of the magnetically controlled reactor with a two-stage magnetic valve structure is less than 2%, which is much smaller than the harmonic content of ordinary magnetically controlled reactors in the past. This article verifies the suppression effect of the improved magnetic valve structure on harmonics through experiments.

Influence of Stator Core Seams on No-Load Performance of Module-Combined Stator Permanent Magnet Motor and Its Weakening Method

In this paper, a module-combined stator is proposed, which is used for large and ultra-low-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors, and the influence of stator core seams on the no-load performance is studied. A method is proposed to weaken the negative influence of stator iron core seams on the no-load performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors. Firstly, the magnetic circuit model of the motor considering the stator iron core seams was deduced theoretically, and the selection principle of stator core seam number was given a description. The influence of different seam parameters on the no-load performance and the influence of different pole-slot fits and the number of parallel branches on the no-load performance are analyzed. The proposed structure of the stator iron core, which can weaken the influence of stator iron core seams on the no-load performance of the motor, is proposed. Using analysis and simulation experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed stator iron core structures in weakening the negative influence of the stator iron core seams on the no-load performance was verified.

Topology optimization of DC-biased pot-type reactor using design sensitivity in steady state of electromagnetic field with magnetic nonlinearity

Because reactors applied to electric vehicles are typically driven under a DC-biased current, a constant inductance property is required. When a high-performance DC-biased reactor is designed, the topology optimization (TO) is an effective design method owing to the high degree of structural change in the magnetic circuit. However, there exists no report regarding the TO method in the steady-state time domain with magnetic nonlinearity. In this paper, based on the time-domain adjoint variable method, a novel sensitivity analysis approach for the steady-state time domain with thorough consideration of the magnetic saturation is proposed. Through the proposed method, the TO of the iron core and winding structures in a pot-type reactor was carried out to enhance the DC-biased characteristics. Furthermore, the eddy current loss occurring on the aluminum plate installed outside the reactor was suppressed by the multi-objective TO. The interesting structure of a pot-type reactor that enhanced the DC-biased characteristics and reduced the eddy current loss on the outer conductor plate was also illustrated.

Unified magnetic equivalent circuit-based model of two-core Sen transformer for low-frequency electromagnetic transients and its numerical calculation

This paper proposes a low-frequency electromagnetic transient model of two-core Sen transformer (TCST) based on unified magnetic equivalent circuit (UMEC) and also presents its numerical calculation procedure for revealing the internal electromagnetic characteristics of TCST. Firstly, the magnetic equivalent circuits of the two parts of TCST including series unit and exciting unit are established according to their associated iron-core structures. Secondly, the electromagnetic transient models about the two parts are deduced by the electromagnetic coupling relationship. Finally, the electromagnetic transient model of TCST can be obtained through the combination of the series unit and the exciting unit on the basis of the internal electrical connections between them. The saturation and hysteresis characteristics of the iron core are represented by the J-A model, and a cascaded R-L lumped circuit is used to depict the eddy current effect. The case studies have been carried out in the environment of MATLAB and PSCAD/EMTDC. The comparisons between the results from the numerical calculation and the time-domain simulation reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model. Furthermore, it is found that the current flowing through the tap-changer in TCST is about 50% of the corresponding current in single-core ST (SCST), which implies the former may have lower cost and higher reliability. Moreover, the actual step length of TCST is about 0.5 times smaller than that of SCST, which may lead to more accurate control performance for TCST.

The Research on Anti-DC current Transformer of Dual Iron Core Structure with Air Gap

Current transformer (CT) is wildly used in electrical measurement and relay protection. In order to improve the power system stability in DC bias, the CT performance of anti-DC is necessarily to be enhanced. Based on the Jiles-Atherton theory, the magnetization characteristics of iron core with different air gap was analyzed in this paper. A simulation model was established using the Simulink toolbox, and the ratio error and angle error were investigated in different air gap length. Simulation result shows that the maximum magnetic density of iron core almost stays uncharged with the addition of air gap. Furthermore the slope of magnetization curve decreased, which leads to the increase of iron core saturation current. Current transformer with closed and air gap iron core possesses a stable measurement error in condition of severe DC bias.

Research on Self-exciting Air-core Pulsed Alternator Considering Armature Reaction

Compared with the traditional synchronous generator with iron core structure, air-core pulse alternator usually adopts self-excitation to establish a higher field current to meet its demand for high flux density. In this paper, the topology of the self-exciting rectifier is determined to be the full bridge rectifier by discussing the respective application scope of the full bridge and the half wave rectifier. Considering the armature reaction, the self-excitation process and the coupling relationship between the field winding and the armature winding are analyzed. According to the commutation overlap angle, the equivalent circuits of different states are carried out, and the instantaneous expressions of field current and armature current are deduced, which lays a foundation for the following phase control research.

Power supply for on-line monitoring device of power lines based on double-half ring core

In order to solve the problem of insufficient energy supply of the on-line monitoring device of the transmission line, a sensor energy acquisition scheme directly installed on the transmission line is proposed. In the current power supply, induction power supply is a kind of energy extraction method with better practical applicability. Since the monitoring devices and electronic equipment on the transmission line are often in a strong magnetic field and high voltage environment, designing a stable and reliable power supply is the guarantee for the stable operation of the monitoring devices and electronic equipment. This paper presents a structure of energy-absorbing iron core with two semi-circular magnetic cores, and studies the magnetic saturation problem in the inductive power supply and the design of the DC output circuit.

Development and Test of One Commercial Megawatt Superconducting DC Induction Heater With Extra High Energy Efficiency

Energy conservation and emission reduction is a critical task for China's aluminum industry. During the last decade, the high temperature superconducting (HTS) technology has been successfully demonstrated to have great potential for energy conservation in this field. Different from the present AC induction heater, this HTS direct current (DC) induction heater is expected to significantly improve the energy efficiency of preheating aluminium billets before extrusion process. This paper thoroughly presents the development of the world's first commercial megawatt HTS DC inducting heater based on 2nd generation HTS tapes. Firstly, the commercial design of this 1MW HTS DC induction heater including design specifications, energy efficiency and commercial potential are analyzed carefully. Subsequently, the manufacture and operation of three core parts including HTS magnet with extra-large diameter, iron core structure and electrical driving system, are introduced. A low cost and practical driving system consisting of motors and gearboxes is developed to solve the problem of peak electromagnetic torque at low rotation. Meanwhile, the heating quality of aluminium billets (i.e., temperature distribution along the radial and axial direction) can be accurately controlled by an adjustable air gap structure. Finally, the present technique challenges and corresponding solutions of this commercial HTS DC induction heaters are summarized and proposed. Compared with an energy efficiency of 45-60% in the MW-class conventional heater, the energy efficiency of this HTS DC induction heater can achieve up to 80.6% based on test results. This work can also provide guidance for the design and optimization of HTS DC induction heaters.

Vibration Optimization of FSCW-IPM Motor Based on Iron-Core Modification for Electric Vehicles

In this paper, to optimize vibration of the fractional slot concentrated winding interior permanent magnet (FSCW-IPM) motor for electric vehicles (EVs) without sacrificing any torque performance, modifications of iron-core structures are proposed. First, the effects of basic stator/rotor auxiliary slots on torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, and 2nd order spatial harmonic of radial force are investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). The combinations of stator/rotor auxiliary slots, which can optimize vibration with maintained torque, are analyzed. To improve torque and optimize vibration, uneven airgap rotor is proposed. With variation of the uneven air-gap rotor, torque improvement and vibration reduction do not contradict each other. The vibration levels of FSCW-IPM motors are calculated by magnetic-mechanical coupling models, while the peak vibrations are optimized with the proposed methods. Inductance, torque, and vibration experiments of the FSCW-IPM motor with the uneven airgap rotor are performed. The theoretical and experimental results both validate effectiveness of the proposed methods for torque improvement and vibration optimization.

Intravenous iron preparations transiently generate non-transferrin-bound iron from two proposed pathways

Intravenous iron-carbohydrate complex preparations (IVIP) are noninterchangeable pro-drugs: their pharmacokinetics (PK) varies determined by semi-crystalline iron core and carbohydrate shell structures, influences pharmacodynamics (PD) and thus efficacy and safety. Examining PK/PD relationships of three IVIP we identify a two-pathway model of transient non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) generation following single dose administration. Twenty-eight hypoferremic non-anemic patients randomized to 200 mg iron as ferric carboxymaltose (Fe-carboxymaltose), iron sucrose (Fe-sucrose), iron isomaltoside 1000 (Fe-isomaltoside- 1000), n=8/arm, or placebo, n=4, on a 2-week PK/PD study, had samples analysed for total serum iron, IVIP-iron, transferrin-bound iron (TBI) by high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), transferrin saturation (TSAT), serum ferritin (s-Ferritin) by standard methods, NTBI and hepcidin as published before. IVIP-dependent increases in these parameters returned to baseline in 48-150 hours (h), except for s-Ferritin and TSAT. NTBI was low with Fe-isomaltoside-1000 (0.13 μM at 8 h), rapidly increased with Fe-sucrose (0.8 μM at 2 h, 1.25 μM at 4 h), and delayed for Fe-carboxymaltose (0.57 μM at 24 h). NTBI area-under-curve (AUC) were 7-fold greater for Fe-carboxymaltose and Fe-sucrose than for Fe-isomaltoside-1000. Hepcidin peak time varied, but not AUC or mean levels. s-Ferritin levels and AUC were highest for Fe-carboxymaltose and greater than placebo for all IVIP. We propose two mechanisms for the observed NTBI kinetics: rapid and delayed NTBI appearance consistent with direct (circulating IVIP-to-plasma) and indirect (IVIP-to-macrophage-to-plasma) iron release based on IVIP plasma half-life and s-Ferritin dynamics. IVIP generate different, broadly stability- and PK-dependent, NTBI and s-Ferritin signatures, which may influence iron bioavailability, efficacy and safety. Longer-term studies should link NTBI exposure to subsequent safety and efficacy parameters and potential clinical consequences.

Design and Analysis of a Magnetless Linear Variable Reluctance Motor With Modular Mover Units for Electric Propulsion

This paper proposes a magnetless linear variable reluctance motor (MLVRM) with modular mover units (MMUs) for electric propulsion. The proposed MLVRM adopts a doubly-salient structure with two sets of windings on mover, namely the ac armature windings, the dc field windings. In space, the two sets of windings are naturally isolated from each other due to the iron-core structure of the mover. Consequently, the space conflicts between the two sets of windings can be eliminated. To improve the force production capability, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) windings injected with large current are employed in the dc windings. The focus of this paper is to elaborate the method to adopt MMUs with equal clearance to suppress force ripple without weakening the back electromotive force (EMF). This paper also introduces the structure, working principle and choice of key parameters for the proposed MLVRM in detail. Moreover, MLVRMs with different number of MMUs are compared to MLVRM with only one MMU by finite element method (FEM) to verify the proposed method to suppress force ripple. The results show that the force ripple decreases significantly from 24.75% to 12.59% when the MLVRM adopts two MMUs.

NTBI Is Transiently Generated from Two Compartments during a Single Dose of Intravenous Iron - a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Background The prodrug-like intravenous iron-carbohydrate complex preparations (IVIPs) should not be considered interchangeable but with due regard to their different pharmacodynamics (PD) which is determined by the semi-crystalline iron core and carbohydrate shell structures (Bhandari et al, 2018). The pharmacokinetics (PK) of IVIPs influences PD profiles and thus efficacy and safety. Here we examine the complex PK/PD relationships with 3 IVIPs, for the first time identifying a 2-compartment model of transient NTBI generation following a single dose administration. Patients and Methods 28 hypoferremic patients randomized (n=8/arm) to 200mg (iron) of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), iron sucrose (IS) and iron isomaltoside 1000 (IIM) or placebo (n=4), were followed up for 2 wks on an exploratory PK/PD study. Serum samples (0-312h) were analyzed for total serum iron (Fe), plasma IVIP-iron (IVIP-Fe), transferrin (Tf)-bound iron (TBI) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Tf saturation (TSAT) by Tf ELISA and a tripyridyl triazine assay, serum ferritin (SF) by turbidimetry, and non-TBI (NTBI) and hepcidin (hepc) as published (Garbowski et al, Transl Med 2016), (Bansal et al, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010). A p value <0.05 was statistically significant. The study, sponsored by Vifor Pharma, was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Results Pts were hypoferremic but non-anemic at baseline: SF 12.4±7.4µg/L, TSAT 18.6±8.5%, hemoglobin 128±8g/L. IVIP-dependent rises in Fe, IVIP-Fe, TSAT, SF, hepc, and NTBI returned to baseline in 2 wks or sooner, except for SF and TSAT. Large differences in the Fe AUCs on study, explainable by large differences in the IVIP-Fe AUCs, were consistent with the known relative differences of plasma half-lives (t1/2) of the IVIPs compared. IVIP-Fe at 4h was highest for IIM and smallest for IS, as was their AUC. With IIM, TSAT reached 80% at 16h, with IS 100% by 4h, and with FCM 98% at 24h; but AUC differences were small. NTBI was low with IIM (0.13µM at 8h), rapidly increased and high with IS (0.8µM at 2h, 1.25µM at 4h), and delayed for FCM (0.58µM at 24h). NTBI appeared after near- (for IIM) or full saturation of Tf but disappeared when TSAT fell <65% (Fig). NTBI AUC for IS and FCM was 7.84- (p<0.01) and 6.78-fold (p=0.04) higher vs. IIM but similar for IS and FCM. Hepc peak time varied, but not AUC or mean levels. SF varied significantly with IVIPs, rising faster with time for IS and FCM, slower for IIM (rate correlated with IVIP t1/2, r=-0.53, p=0.009), with levels highest for FCM (193µg/L at 72h) and IS (152µg/L at 36h) but lowest and latest for IIM (102µg/L at 96h). SF AUC was highest for FCM, suggesting relatively better iron bio-availability, with all IVIPs higher than placebo (Table and Fig). Discussion We propose 2 mechanisms for the observed kinetic NTBI profiles. For IS these have 2 distinct components: a rapid onset and an early peak (2-4h), then decay and a secondary peak/shoulder (16h), disappearing at 36h (Fig). The 1st peak reflects the rapid release of labile iron in plasma directly from circulating IVIPs, occurring <t1/2 of IS and prior to any rise in SF which reports macrophage iron content (direct NTBI). In contrast, since the second peak occurs after >4 t1/2, when >90% of IS entered macrophages (SF half-maximal), the 16h peak likely represents iron re-released from macrophages (indirect NTBI). For IIM with long t1/2, the small NTBI peak at 8h thus represents direct NTBI, while the indirect release at 24h occurs at a rate where Tf does not fully saturate, with NTBI being consequently virtually absent (Fig). FCM first follows the IIM profile with minimal generation of direct NTBI, but displays a starkly different behavior reflecting indirect iron release shown as a strong NTBI peak at 24h, when ~4 plasma t1/2 have passed (Fig). This difference between IIM and FCM is accounted for by the difference in t1/2 of FCM and IIM i.e. by the amount of polymer having been taken up by macrophages (so only 6% of FCM and 30% of IIM still circulates). We conclude that, following IVIP administration, NTBI can arise by 2 mechanisms (direct early release and indirect later release). Different IVIPs generate different NTBI and serum ferritin signatures that are broadly PK-dependent, and may have a bearing both on the iron bio-availability and safety. Longer-term studies with common doses (1g for FCM and IIM) are warranted to link the initial NTBI exposure to subsequent safety and response parameters. Disclosures Garbowski: Vifor Pharma: Consultancy; Imara: Consultancy. Porter:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios: Consultancy, Honoraria; Protagonism: Honoraria; La Jolla: Honoraria; Vifor: Honoraria; Silence therapeutics: Honoraria; Bluebird bio: Consultancy, Honoraria. Burckhardt:Vifor Pharma (previously): Employment. Hider:Vifor Pharma: Research Funding; Renapharma AB: Research Funding.

Impact of Coreless Current Transformer Position on Current Measurement

Magnetic sensors have been widely used for current measurements in diverse industries. In order to achieve a large current measurement without an iron core structure, magnetic sensors are often arranged to be a circular array for designing a new electronic current transformer (ECT). However, this ECT with a circular array of magnetic sensors usually suffers from tradeoffs between the number of sensors and the measurement accuracy. This paper visualizes this tradeoff and proposes a 3-D magnetic-field model to analyze the impact of the magnetic sensor circular array position on current measurements. We develop an analytical expression of the current measurement errors to estimate the minimum number of required magnetic sensors and point out the acceptable deviations of the ECT position under various accuracy classes. Based on the estimation results, we design a new circular array with eight magnetic sensors and build a three-phase current measurement system. The test results demonstrate the efficiency and the robustness of the designed class-1.0 ECT, which successfully maintains accuracy class 1.0 under various position deviations in balanced or unbalanced three-phase power delivery systems.

The Iron State in Spleen and Liver Tissues from Patients with Hematological Malignancies Studied Using Magnetization Measurements and Mössbauer Spectroscopy

In this overview, we present the results of the study of spleen and liver tissues taken from healthy donors in comparison with those from patients with (i) non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, namely, mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, (ii) acute myeloid leukemia, and (iii) primary myelofibrosis. The study was carried out using Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements for the analysis of ferritin-like iron in spleen and liver tissues. Magnetization measurements demonstrated small differences in the saturation magnetic moments and revealed additional paramagnetic components. Two liver samples demonstrated unusual behavior of the magnetic moment when the zero-field-cooled curve was over the field-cooled curve in the temperature range between ~40 and ~70 K. Relative iron content variations in the tissue cells as well as small variations in the 57Fe hyperfine parameters were demonstrated for healthy and patients' spleen and liver tissues on the base of measured Mössbauer spectra. The results obtained permit us to suggest small differences in the ferritin iron core structure in spleen and liver tissues from healthy donors and patients with hematological malignancies.

Electromagnetic Design and Performance Analysis of a Flux-Coupling-Type SFCL

Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is an efficient way to solve the short-circuit problems in modern power systems. A flux-coupling-type SFCL (FC-SFCL) based on disconnecting coupling windings for current reduction has been developed in this study. FC-SFCL is considered as a potential scheme to limit fault currents due to its low steady impedance before fault and higher current-limiting impedance after fault. It contains a pair of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coupling coils, wound on an iron core with air gaps. Raising the coupling coefficient of the HTS coils and reducing the loss are essential issues to improve its performance, which is mainly affected by the iron core structure and winding processes of HTS coils. In this study, the electromagnetic design of a 10 kV/500 A FC-SFCL one-phase prototype is completed based on a genetic algorithm, along with the performances of current-limiting capacity, response time, and loss of the prototype. The simulation results show the FC-SFCL prototype with electromagnetic parameters meets the design requirements, and has good performances in terms of current reduction and loss.

Noise Analysis and Control on Motor Starting and Accelerating of Electric Bus

The high-capacity urban electric city bus has become an important development direction of the electric car and public transport in the world. The noise and vibration of the electric bus have a great influence on the comfort of passengers. The problem of the noise and vibration of the electric bus in high load condition, such as starting and accelerating, is serious. To analyze the electromagnetic noise of the electric city bus’s permanent-magnet motor at the start and acceleration, and suggest a method for the noise control of the electric buses. Firstly, the electromagnetic force characteristic of permanent magnet motor used in electric bus is calculated and analyzed. Then, the finite element method is used to analyze the natural mode of the permanent magnet motor structure of this kind of pure electric bus. The influence of stator choke ring on the natural mode of stator core and motor housing and end cover on the natural mode of stator core are, respectively, analyzed. Finally, by changing the size and number of permanent magnets to suppress electromagnetic wave noise, the structural optimization of reducing electromagnetic resonance is carried out. The vibration characteristics of the motor in the range of its operating speed are determined. After structural optimization and improvement, the electromagnetic noise of the motor is suppressed. The amplitude of electromagnetic force wave in full load condition is large; the amplitude of electromagnetic force wave is affected by the order of tooth harmonic and magnetic field saturation level; the lower highest frequency of electromagnetic force wave, the greater possibility of the appearance of electromagnetic resonance on the motor. Thickness of the motor shell and end cover will affect the natural frequency of the permanent magnet motor on electric bus, thereby affecting electromagnetic resonance. By optimizing the structure of motor iron core, we can reduce the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave and inhibit electromagnetic noise; Thickening motor shell and end cover can effectively increase the natural frequency of the motor structure and reduce the possibility of the appearance of electromagnetic resonance, thereby decreasing electromagnetic noise.

Feasibility Study of a Multipole Electromagnet Using a Parallel Iron-Core Structure

This paper presents a design concept of a multipole electromagnet using a parallel iron-core structure. An electromagnet can be used in many types of magnetic study area, such as work on magnetic susceptibility, the Hall effect research, the magneto-optical effect, and in hysteresis measurements. In electromagnets, generally, only a single probe can be used at a time due to the single pole structure, and it is challenging to measure many samples simultaneously. In this paper, a multipole electromagnet is proposed. It has a parallel iron-core structure and a high-temperature superconducting coil, unlike the conventional electromagnet system. The electromagnet with such a structure enables multiple probes to be used simultaneously. To verify the feasibility of the structure, a small-scale multipole electromagnet was designed using commercialized finite element method software. Based on the design results, a parallel iron-core and coil assembly was fabricated and the performance of the magnet was evaluated.

Research on Stress Characteristics of Shunt Reactor Considering Magnetization and Magnetostrictive Anisotropy

In order to reduce the vibration of shunt reactors with gapped iron-core structure, accurate stress computation should be carried out. The magnetization and magnetostrictive anisotropy should be considered in the calculation. In this paper, the magnetization and magnetostrictive properties of non-oriented silicon steel sheets along the rolling direction and the transverse direction are first measured by a magnetization and magnetostriction tester. Based on the measurement results, an electromagneto–mechanical coupled numerical model for shunt reactors, considering magnetization and magnetostrictive anisotropy, has been developed. Then, the stress distribution of the reactor core is calculated and that between isotropy and anisotropy numerical model is compared. From the computation results, it can be seen that magnetization and magnetostrictive anisotropy greatly influences the stress distribution of the reactor core.