Cobalt Iron Research Articles

Numerical simulation of convection hybrid ferrofluid with magnetic dipole effect on an inclined stretching sheet

Iron oxide nanoparticles possess magnetic characteristics that enable their control and manipulation using external magnetic fields, making them suitable for a wide range of biomedical engineering applications. Consequently, this study investigates the ferrohydrodynamic interaction of hybrid magnetic nanoparticles in an ethylene glycol plus water mixture flowing over an inclined stretching sheet, taking into account the magnetic dipole effect. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by opting the suitable similarity variables. To obtain the numerical results, an unconditionally stable implicit difference method called the Keller box method is employed. The study analyzes the effects of the inclination angle, ferrohydrodynamic interaction, ferroparticle volume fraction, and mixed convection parameter. The results indicate that an increase in the inclination angle and mixed convective parameter enhances the velocity profile and Nusselt number, whereas the ferrohydrodynamic interaction and ferroparticle volume fraction exhibit the opposite trend. Furthermore, the study reveals that under certain conditions, the presence of magnetic oxide and cobalt iron oxide suspended in an ethylene glycol plus water mixture effectively reduces the heat transfer rate.

Magnetic heating of water dispersible and size-controlled superparamagnetic cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles have been of great interest for various biomedical applications due to their controllability in the distance. Monodisperse superparamagnetic CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with oleic acid. The oleic acid ligands are exchanged with citric acid to obtain water-dispersible citric acid-coated CA (CFO–CA) nanoparticles. The M–H curve recorded at room temperature shows the superparamagnetic nature of CFO nanoparticles for both oleic- and citric-coated samples. The magnetic heating performance of CFO–CA shows an exciting dependence on the particle size and surface functionality. The hyperthermia efficiency of CFO–CA nanoparticles increases with increasing magnetic field strength and nanoparticle concentration. A specific absorption ratio value of 152.7 W/g obtained in this study is comparable to other investigations, demonstrating a great potential of CFO–CA nanoparticles for hyperthermia-based treatments. This controlled synthesis process can be applied to various functional biomedical nanoparticles to prepare nanoparticles with designed surface moieties for further potential applications.

Development of gold nanoparticles composite functionalized bimetallic metal-organic framework nanozymes and integrated smartphone to detection isoniazid

It is still an issue of continuous exploration to construct nanozymes with improved activity and to investigate catalytic mechanism. This study develops an open metal nodes integration strategy to prepare functionalized bimetallic metal-organic frameworks nanozymes (NMOF-CoFe1.8). Then Au nanoparticles are grown in-situ utilizing electrostatic effects to acquire composite nanozymes (Au@NMOF). Functionalization leads to deficiency of ligand in MOF and Au nanoparticles alter the surface charge to attract the chromogenic substrate with opposite charge. One-dimensional mixed-valence metal-oxygen chains with open sites inside Au@NMOF constitute sub-nanochannels with the functions of isolating external environment and transporting substances. Cobalt adsorption centers, iron and gold catalytic centers realizes the catalytic microenvironment, enhances the mass and electron transfer rate and speeds up the generation of hydroxyl radicals. The Michaelis constant of H2O2 is 0.0664 mM and of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine is 0.0879 mM, which all proves its excellent activity. As non-competitive enzyme inhibitor, isoniazid forms irreversible ternary complex with the chromogenic substrate and Au@NMOF, whose inhibition constant is 0.0229 mmol. A colorimetric sensing platform with integrated smartphone based on hydrogel is constructed to detect isoniazid. The linear of isoniazid colorimetric sensing is 0.25–120 μM with the low detection limits of 0.2 μM. The assay platform is successfully applied to the human urine and serum samples assay with the recoveries of 97.0–103.72% and relative standard deviations less than 3%. It is expected to be practically applied due to its good reproducibility, feasibility and portability.

Laser-Induced Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Composite Iron–Cobalt Hydroxide for Methylene Blue Degradation via Electrocatalytic Activation of Peroxymonosulfate

With the acceleration of industrialization, the removal of refractory organic dyes from water and how to promote its practical application remains a challenge. Herein, we synthesized an FeCo-LDH/LI-NDG composite electrode material by a simple laser-induced technique on polyimide films, which could electrocatalytically activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to completely degrade MB in about 6 min. The reaction rate constant (kobs) was 0.461 min−1. It was faster than most of the currently reported electrocatalysts. The reaction system demonstrated good interference resistance and catalytic effectiveness in the pH range of 3 to 9. According to the chemical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments, the non-radical pathway of 1O2 and the radical pathways of SO4·−, ·OH and O2·− were involved in the reaction synergistically, with 1O2 playing the dominant role. 1O2 was produced through the dual pathway of PMS electron loss at the anode and O2·− intermediate transformation at the cathode. The two activation methods of electro-activation and catalytic activation of PMS had synergistic effects to achieve high efficiency in the whole process of production, reaction and recovery, providing new ideas to advance practical applications.

CoFePBA Nanosheets on Carbon Nanotubes Coupled with Nickel-Encapsulated Carbon Tubules for Efficient and Highly Stable Overall Seawater Electrolysis

The generation of H2 by seawater electrolysis is limited by anodic chlorine corrosion and sluggish cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we report a simple approach for developing cobalt iron (CoFe)-based Prussian blue analogue with a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube composite (CoFePBA/NCNT) and nickel-encapsulated carbon tubules (Ni/NCT) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and HER catalysts for overall seawater electrolysis utilizing graphite felt or carbon paper as the catalyst substrate, thus avoiding chlorine corrosion of the metal substrate. Instead of a commonly known hydrothermal method, a simple brush coating method was employed for catalyst coating which is feasible for large-scale electrolyzer fabrication. Our developed electrolyzer has shown a low overall seawater splitting voltage of 1.71 V and a good stability of 50 h in seawater with excellent selectivity for OER over hypochlorite formation at room temperature (26 °C). High OER activity is attributed to abundant catalytic sites provided by interconnected CoFePBA nanosheets and high intrinsic catalytic activity. Moreover, suppressed hypochlorite formation and corrosion resistance resulting from the synergistic effect of CoFePBA and NCNT make CoFePBA/NCNT||Ni/NCT a potential candidate for seawater electrolyzers. Our work paves a way to demonstrate seawater electrolyzer performance with nonprecious catalysts on a nonmetallic support.

Carbon-coated cobalt iron bimetallic phosphide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

Transition metal phosphides have been widely used in the design of water splitting electrodes because of their high catalytic activity. However, due to the different reaction kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in different media, a major challenge is how to achieve the transition metal phosphides electrocatalysts afford high performance of both HER and OER in the same electrolyte. Herein, a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst with carbon-coated cobalt iron bimetallic phosphide (CoFeP@C/NF-2) was self-assembled on nickel foam by hydrothermal and phosphidation pathway. Benefiting from its unique flower-like structure, and the synergistic effect of bimetallic phosphides and carbon coated, which not only offered abundant catalytic active sites but also accelerated electronic transmission, the CoFeP@C/NF-2 could act a bifunctional electrocatalyst that was simultaneously used for OER and HER. The CoFeP@C/NF-2 hybrid delivered a high OER catalytic activity in alkaline electrolyte, with a low overpotential of 119 and 217 mV at current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. The CoFeP@C/NF-2 electrode also exhibited a considerable OER stability over 20 h. Meanwhile, when serving as a catalyst for the HER under alkaline condition, it showed an overpotential of 155 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the assembled electrolytic cell using CoFeP@C/NF-2 only required a voltage of 1.59 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the overall water splitting. This work provides a general strategy for improving the water splitting performance of phosphides, which can be applied to the preparation of other transition metal catalysts.

Facile synthesis of interlaced flower-like layered double hydroxides grown on porous CoMoP as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Rational morphology design and electronic structure modulation of efficient and durable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are urgent and challenging tasks to solve the large overpotential problems currently required. Herein, this study investigated the effect of dual electrodeposition and doping on the HER performance of electrocatalysts. Highly porous cobalt molybdenum phosphate (CoMoP) was used as a support for three different layered double hydroxides (LDHs)including cobalt nickel (CoNi), nickel iron (NiFe), and cobalt iron (CoFe). CoFe-LDH/CoMoP electrodeposited on nickel foam (NF) only need 22.5 mV overpotential to reach current response of 30 mA cm−2. To be used as a HER electrocatalyst, however, NiFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF (383 mV) and CoNi-LDH/CoMoP/NF (117 mV) require much higher overpotential than that of CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF. The newly developed porous CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF works well as an active HER electrocatalyst in the alkaline medium with a low overpotential. In the analysis of the second electrodeposition effect on HER performance of the three developed LDHs, the second electrodeposited CoFe-LDH/CoMoP/NF electrocatalyst showed greatly decreased Tafel slope and overpotential at a constant time as compared to the first electrodeposition. Considering their superior HER performance and keeping good stability even after 19 h, the developed electrocatalysts could be an excellent replacement for non-noble-metal HER catalysts.

Amorphous cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles with high magnetization intensity for spin conversion of hydrogen at 77K

Conversion of ortho-hydrogen (o-H2) to para-hydrogen (p-H2) is a necessary process in hydrogen liquefaction, and investigating the catalysts that accelerate conversion is significant. Herein we report the effect of Co/Fe ratio in cobalt iron oxide catalysts on conversion of o-H2 to p-H2 at 77 K, and use XRD, BET, and VSM to explore the influence of different Co/Fe ratios on internal crystal structure, pore size, and magnetization strength. It is concluded that the synergistic effect of crystal structure disorder (increase in active sites), small pores (decrease in distance between o-H2 and active sites), and high magnetization strength (larger torque upon) resulted in the optimal catalytic performance for CFO-3 [n(Co):n(Fe) = 3:10]. When the hydrogen flow is 100 mL min−1, the content of p-H2 in the converted hydrogen is 47.61%.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel multifunctional magnetic bioceramic nanocomposite

An emerging approach in tissue engineering, especially in cases where large bone cavities remain unfilled after tumor removal, is the implementation of bioceramic scaffolds with magnetic properties for bone augmentation. The fabrication of bioactive porous scaffolds with adequate mechanical characteristics and sufficient porosity represents to assist bone regeneration. one of the most important difficulties in tissue engineering. The final goal is, the in situ apatite formation, a synergistic result of bioceramics, and stem cell activation/differentiation to promote bone regeneration via magnetically driven osteogenic lineage. This study focuses on the development of a novel multifunctional three-dimensional scaffold with certain physicochemical and biological features, addressing diverse difficult issues, such as bioactivity and biocompatibility, as well as bone tissue malignancies. The synthetic approach initiates with the synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (NP), followed by the fabrication of Mg2SiO4–CoFe2O4 nanocomposite (NC), employing a two-pot sol-gel synthesis method. Finally, three-dimensional scaffolds (MS) are fabricated via the polymer foam replica technique. X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reveal the occurrence of the constituent materials (forsterite: Mg2SiO4 and cobalt iron oxide). Static magnetic characterization at each fabrication stage outlines the collective magnetic features while magnetic particle hyperthermia highlights the heating efficiency quantified as specific loss power (SLP) and specific absorption rate (SAR) in W·g−1 (NP: 19 - 43 °C in 100 s, SLP = 450 W g−1, NC: SLP = 200 W g−1, SAR= 1,07 W g−1). This opens promising pathways in bone tissue regeneration cancer treatments combined with targeted delivery of active/pharmaceutical substances and magnetic hyperthermia.

Development of ultra-thin and high-efficient bi-layer microwave absorbers from Fe3N@C and CoS2 samples

Nowadays, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the pollution that harm human health and electronic devices. Iron nitride (Fe3N) and cobalt sulfide (CoS2) are promising microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) due to their intriguing properties. In this work, polygonal Fe3[email protected] and flower-like CoS2 were fabricated, and Fe3[email protected] showed pretty good magnetic properties. Microwave absorption properties of as-prepared samples were investigated, where Fe3[email protected] and CoS2 reached minimum reflection loss (RL) of −12 dB and −23 dB, respectively. In addition, Fe3[email protected] mostly had no effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), whereas Co2S was 2.5 GHz. The better microwave absorption properties of CoS2 compared to Fe3[email protected] could be explained through the combination of electrical conductivity, C0 values, loss capacity matching, impedance matching, and attenuation constant. It is worth mentioning that both Fe3[email protected] and CoS2 could not be considered promising MAMs. Therefore, RL curves of bi-layer MAMs made from as-prepared samples were simulated, where CoS2 and Fe3[email protected] acted as absorption and matching layers, respectively. The simulated Fe3[email protected]/CoS2 = 0.6 mm/0.6 mm bi-layer absorber could reach an RL of −45 dB and an EAB of 13 GHz, which was superior to the single-layer ones. The fabricated Fe3[email protected]/CoS2 = 0.6 mm/0.6 mm bi-layer absorber confirmed these excellent properties, which could be a result of the enhancement of complex permittivity, complex permeability, dielectric, and magnetic loss tangents.

Crack Growth Rate at Oxygen Electrode/Electrolyte Interface in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells Predicted by Experiment Coupled Multiphysics Modeling

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a very efficient hydrogen production technology, but the cell degradation is a serious limiting factor for its long-term implementation. Oxygen electrode (OE) delamination is reported to be the critical degradation mechanism. In this study, we present a methodology to understand the delamination failure of the OE due to chemical stress in a better perspective. Several OE configurations were tested: baseline strontium-doped lanthanum cobalt iron oxide (LSCF) single layer design and tantalum-doped strontium cobalt oxide (SCT) - LSCF bilayer designs with different SCT loadings. An electro-chemo-mechanical model is developed to associate the electrochemical behavior of the cell with solid mechanics for calculating crack growth of the cell during long term test. The bilayer configuration with SCT 20 wt% has better performance as it survived in the long-term life test with the least crack length. This study implies that an additional nano-coating of SCT over the OE have improved the species transport and oxygen evolution with reduced chemical stress. As the operating current density decreases, it takes longer time for the cell to reach the delamination with the same critical crack length of 6.5 μm (∼93% of the electrode/electrolyte interface length). Finally, it was concluded that chemical stress plays a significant role in interface delamination failure, however it may not be the only source of stresses at the interface.

An approach of cobalt recovery from waste copper converter slags using pig iron as capturing agent and simultaneous recovery of copper and tin

Massive amounts of waste copper converter slags have been produced from pyrometallurgical extraction of copper from copper concentrates, and the disposal of them in landfills creates serious environmental problems. However, this converter slag contains numerous valuable heavy metals, including copper, cobalt and tin etc. In this research, due to similar properties of iron and cobalt, pig iron with a low melting point was creatively used as capturing agent for cobalt recycling in a smelting reduction. The recovery of copper and tin was also studied. The phase transformation during reduction process was clarified by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer analyses. After the reduction performed at 1250 °C, the copper, cobalt and tin were recovered in a copper-cobalt-tin-iron alloy. The addition of pig iron improved cobalt yield, which was ascribed to the enrichment of cobalt in an iron–cobalt alloy phase. This decreased activity of the reduced cobalt and promoted reduction of cobalt oxide. As a result, the cobalt yield had a significant increase from 66.2% to 90.1% by adding 2% pig iron. Similarly, the copper also accelerated tin recovery through the formation of a copper–tin alloy. The copper and tin yields reached 94.4% and 95.0%, respectively. This work provided a high efficiency method to recover copper, cobalt and tin from waste copper converter slags.

Hydrogenation of CO2 over Biochar-Supported Catalysts

The study investigates hydrogenation of CO2 over mono- and bimetallic catalysts supported on biochar. In this reaction, bimetallic iron–cobalt catalysts were shown to surpass monometallic iron and cobalt catalysts in terms of catalytic performance. The optimal combination of performance parameters was reached at an iron to cobalt ratio of 3 : 1. The composition and genesis of the active phase in the bimetallic Fe–Co catalyst were identified, and the CO2 hydrogenation mechanism was suggested for an iron-dominated bimetallic catalyst. Using biochar as a support was found to provide an active phase composition favorable for CO2 hydrogenation.

Interface engineering and heterometal doping Co–Mo/FeS for oxygen evolution reaction

The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the development of water electrolysis technology and the long-term efficiency of hydrogen energy production. In addition, it is important to evaluate the reconstruction performance of OER catalysts for actual water electrolysis. We created a self-supported electrode with FeS film coated Fe foam as a substrate, ordered resoluble molybdate (MoO42−) anions in interlayers, and Co-doped as a catalytically active phase for the OER. The catalyst is capable of electrochemical self-reconstruction (ECSR). With the dissolution of molybdate and sulfur ions, the catalyst surface cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) forms an active amorphous FeCoOOH, which is favorable for alkaline OER. We realized the introduction of new active sites in the catalyst reconstruction process. Finally, the composite CoFeOx catalyst increased the specific surface area, promoted bubble transport, and enhanced electron mass transfer. The synergistic coupling effect of the catalyst makes it have excellent OER activity and stability. Remarkably, Co–Mo/FeS nanosheets afforded an electrocatalytic OER with a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 321 mV. These discoveries open up new opportunities for the application of doping and template-directed surface reconfiguration, which holds promise as an effective electrocatalyst for the OER.

Corrosion behaviour of friction stir processed, metastable, dual-phase, Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5, multi-principal element alloy

The corrosion behaviour of Friction Stir Processed (FSPed), dual-phase, Multi-Principal Element Alloy (MPEA), Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5, was investigated. The microstructure of the alloy in the annealed condition consisted of Face Cantered Cubic (FCC) and Hexagonal Closed Pack (HCP) phases, with the HCP phase present as laminates inside the equiaxed FCC grain. Fine carbide particles were found to be precipitated at the grain boundaries and also inside the grains. FSP engendered a reduction in the grain size due to dynamic recrystallization and an increase in the fraction of strain-induced HCP phase in the microstructure. The potentiodynamic polarisation and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed that the one-pass FSPed sample exhibited best corrosion resistance compared to the annealed and two-pass FSPed samples. The reason for this was ascribed to two factors: the reduced grain size and the smaller fraction of the HCP phase induced by strain in the microstructure. Mott-Schottky results indicated the presence of n- type semiconducting passive layer on the surface of annealed and FSPed samples. The one-pass sample had the lowest defect density (ND value) compared to annealed and the two-pass FSPed sample. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies performed on the annealed, one-pass and two-pass samples, after immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, revealed the presence of large number of pits and corrosion products in the annealed sample compared to that in the FSPed samples. Results obtained from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the presence of iron oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium & cobalt hydroxides as the major constituents, together with a low concentration of manganese, in the passive layer formed on the FSPed samples.

Hydrogenation of CO2 over Biochar-Supported Catalysts

The study investigates hydrogenation of CO2 over mono- and bimetallic catalysts supported on biochar. In this reaction, bimetallic iron–cobalt catalysts were shown to surpass monometallic iron and cobalt catalysts in terms of catalytic performance. The optimal combination of performance parameters was reached at an iron to cobalt ratio of 3 : 1. The composition and genesis of the active phase in the bimetallic Fe–Co catalyst were identified, and the CO2 hydrogenation mechanism was suggested for an iron-dominated bimetallic catalyst. Using biochar as a support was found to provide an active phase composition favorable for CO2 hydrogenation.

Tailoring Pore Size and Catalytic Activity in Cobalt Iron Layered Double Hydroxides and Spinels by Microemulsion-Assisted pH-Controlled Co-Precipitation.

Cobalt iron containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and spinels are promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Towards development of better performing catalysts, the precise tuning of mesostructural features such as pore size is desirable, but often hard to achieve. Herein, a computer-controlled microemulsion-assisted co-precipitation (MACP) method at constant pH is established and compared to conventional co-precipitation. With MACP, the particle growth is limited and through variation of the constant pH during synthesis the pore size of the as-prepared catalysts is controlled, generating materials for the systematic investigation of confinement effects during OER. At a threshold pore size, overpotential increased significantly. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated a change in OER mechanism, involving the oxygen release step. It is assumed that in smaller pores the critical radius for gas bubble formation is not met and therefore a smaller charge-transfer resistance is observed for medium frequencies.

Co-Fe phosphide@graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet modified separator for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is a promising next-generation energy storage devices due to its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g-1), environment-friendliness, low cost, and natural abundance. However, the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPs) hinder its commercialization. Herein, we report the synthesis of cobalt iron phosphide@graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet (CFP@CN) modified separator for Li-S batteries. The Li-S cell with CFP@CN separator (CFP@CN-PP) exhibits a high specific capacity of 786.4 mAh g-1 at 1 C. Furthermore, the Li-S cell with CFP@CN-PP can still retain a discharge capacity of 528.3 mAh g-1 and a capacity decay rate of only 0.084% per cycle after 650 cycles. And, the Li-S cell with CFP@CN-PP maintains high coulombic efficiency above 99% after 650 cycles. These results indicate that the CFP@CN with a large specific surface can alleviate the shuttle effect by strong chemical interaction with lithium polysulfides. Furthermore, thanks to high electrical conductivity of CFP@CN, the utilization of sulfur and redox kinetics can be improved. Our study offers useful insights into designing materials for modified separator of lithium-sulfur battery.

Degradation of oxo-biodegradable rubber and its impact on ecosystem services

Rubber has become essential in everyday life, but the poor degradation rates of natural rubber products present an environmental challenge. This study focused on the development and characterization of oxo-biodegradable rubber by modifying vulcanized natural rubber (VNR) with pro-degradant additives (PDA) such as iron (III) stearate (VNR-FeSt) and cobalt (II) stearate (VNR-CoSt). No observable degradation of the PDA-incorporated latex films occurred during the preparation processes of the film which include rubber latex coagulant dipping and vulcanization. The addition of PDA also had minimal effects on the mechanical properties of the latex films. While latex VNR without PDA was relatively stable to oxidative degradation at 65 °C for eight weeks, the formation of carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups in VNR-CoSt and VNR-FeSt indicate that the PDAs facilitated oxidative degradation the rubber. VNR-CoSt and VNR-FeSt showed significantly greater decreases in weight and gel content than neat VNR, with CoSt being most effective for enhancing thermal oxidative degradation. Growth parameter analysis showed that the addition of oxo-biodegradable latex films to the soil had little effect on the nutrient content of spinach, in line with the soil analysis. These data support the promotion of oxo-biodegradable rubbers as a promising sustainable alternative to conventional rubbers, with the potential to aid in rubber waste management in the agriculture sector.

The Influence of Annealing and Film Thickness on the Specific Properties of Co40Fe40Y20 Films

Cobalt Iron Yttrium (CoFeY) magnetic film was made using the sputtering technique in order to investigate the connection between the thickness and annealing procedures. The sample was amorphous as a result of an insufficient thermal driving force according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination. The maximum low-frequency alternate-current magnetic susceptibility (χac) values were raised in correlation with the increased thickness and annealing temperatures because the thickness effect and Y addition improved the spin exchange coupling. The best value for a 50 nm film at annealing 300 °C for χac was 0.20. Because electron carriers are less constrained in their conduction at thick film thickness and higher annealing temperatures, the electric resistivity and sheet resistance are lower. At a thickness of 40 nm, the film's maximum surface energy during annealing at 300 °C was 28.7 mJ/mm2. This study demonstrated the passage of photon signals through the film due to the thickness effect, which reduced transmittance. The best condition was found to be 50 nm with annealing at 300 °C in this investigation due to high χac, strong adhesion, and low resistivity, which can be used in magnetic fields.