Iron Chloride Research Articles

The production of highly efficientvisible‐light‐driven electrospunα‐Fe2O3photocatalyst through modifying iron source material for wastewater treatment applications

AbstractBackgroundHeterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered one of the most attractive methods in the wastewater remediation process due to allowing continuous re‐use, the reactions taking place at room temperature, and photocatalysts are inexpensive.ObjectiveWith the optimization of the structural properties of hematite at the nanometer level by utilizing engineering strategies such as morphology regulation, and shape control, it is possible to enhance its photocatalytic performance. The study's main objective is to improve photocatalytic performances of visible‐light photoactive hematite materials produced by engineering strategies.MethodsThe α‐Fe2O3photocatalyst fibres with highly porous were fabricated by electrospinning method, allowing extraordinary length, a large ratio of length to diameter, hierarchically porous structure, high surface area, small grain sizes, and high porosity.ResultsIn the heterogeneous photocatalysis of the electrospun α‐Fe2O3nanofibers against two model dyes representing anionic (MO) and cationic (RhB) characteristics, both electrospun α‐Fe2O3nanofibers showed good photocatalytic activity against used model pollutants. The α‐ α‐Fe2O3nanofibers produced using iron(III) chloride hexahydrate exhibited a higher photocatalytic degradation rate against both dye pollutants relative to the α‐ α‐Fe2O3nanofibers produced using iron(III) chloride.ConclusionsDepending on the used iron sources and associatively their final morphological characteristics, it was observed that their photocatalytic degradation performances were seriously affected. It is suggested that electrospun α‐Fe2O3nanofibers, especially those with highly porous and smaller diameters, are suitable candidates as a visible‐light‐driven semiconductor material to use in advanced oxidation processes for removing pollutants from wastewater.

Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3-Acylpyrroles by a Four-Component Sonogashira Alkynylation–Amine Addition–Nitroalkene Michael Addition–Cyclocondensation

AbstractA consecutive four-component alkynylation–amine addition–nitroalkene addition–cyclocondensation one-pot reaction of acid chlorides, alkynes, amines, and nitroalkenes furnished a library of 3-acylpyrroles in modest to good yields. The sequence takes advantage of a synergism between a Brønsted acid (acetic acid) and a Lewis acid [iron(III) chloride] in the terminal addition-cyclocondensation step of the intermediately formed enaminones with nitroalkenes.

Structural endorsement of iron oxide residue incorporated in polypyrrole and TiO2/Polypyrrole composite

A simple chemical oxidative polymerization approach has been adopted for the preparation of polypyrrole (PPy) and TiO2/PPy composite, where iron chloride was used as an oxidizing agent. The structural confirmation of synthesized samples, the presence of residual iron oxide in the PPy (Fe2O3-PPy) and TiO2/PPy (TiO2/Fe2O3-PPy) composites, has been addressed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size distribution has been measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The result successfully shows the formation of hetero-junction materials that can be utilized for various applications such as sensors, photo-voltaic, organic LEDs, flexible devices and photo catalysts.

Preparation and Characterization of Biocompatible Iron/Zirconium/Polydopamine/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel with Fenton Catalytic Properties and Photothermal Efficacy

In recent years, multifunctional hydrogel nanoplatforms for the synergistic treatment of tumors have received a great deal of attention. Here, we prepared an iron/zirconium/polydopamine/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel with Fenton and photothermal effects, promising for future use in the field of synergistic therapy and prevention of tumor recurrence. The iron (Fe)–zirconium (Zr)@ polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3•6H2O), zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4), and dopamine, followed by activation of the carboxyl group of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) using 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N(4)-hydroxycytidine (NHS). Finally, the Fe–Zr@PDA nanoparticles and the activated CMCS were mixed to form a hydrogel. On the one side, Fe ions can use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is rich in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and kill tumor cells, and Zr can also enhance the Fenton effect; on the other side, the excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of the incorporated PDA is used to kill tumor cells under the irradiation of near-infrared light. The ability of Fe–Zr@PDA@CMCS hydrogel to produce •OH and the ability of photothermal conversion were verified in vitro, and swelling and degradation experiments confirmed the effective release and good degradation of this hydrogel in an acidic environment. The multifunctional hydrogel is biologically safe at both cellular and animal levels. Therefore, this hydrogel has a wide range of applications in the synergistic treatment of tumors and the prevention of recurrence.

Evaluating the applications and effectiveness of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: A systematic review

Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia as a new cancer treatment technology has been applied for some kinds of tumors. To review the different applications and effectiveness of this new cancer treatment technique, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored up to November 2022, using the following keywords combined in different ways: “Magnetic Nanoparticles Based Hyperthermia”, “Magnetic Nanoparticles” AND “Hyperthermia” AND “Cancer”. The obtained results were screened for the title and abstract and the relevant papers were reviewed for further details. Finally, 24 papers were included in the study. These papers have evaluated the application of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for treating different cancers including breast, liver, prostate, pancreas, colon, brain, lung, and stem cell. Various nanoparticles including Iron Oxide (Fe2O3, Fe3O4), Dextran Spermine, Iron Chloride, Magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with Liposomes (MCLs), and Variable Molecular Weight Nanoparticles (VMWNPs) were used in different reviewed studies. The results of reviewed studies revealed that the nanoparticle-based hyperthermia technique as a new progressive modality can significantly improve treatment outcomes for some special cancers. Increasing life expectancy by up to 30% using Iron Oxide magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for pancreatic cancer and increasing tumor ablation by about 33% for other cancers were reported in reviewed articles. However, further studies are required to extend this new treatment technique to other cancers and for providing more accurate information on nanoparticle-based hyperthermia's effectiveness as a complementary technique in cancer treatment.

Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Sodium Alginate with Shape Memory Effect

Hydrogels based on chitosan derivatives, sodium alginate with acrylamide and acrylic acid were obtained by free radical solution copolymerization method in the presence of ammonium persulfate as initiator and urotropin and N,N methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agents. The formation of hydrogels was proved by extraction and IR spectroscopy. It is shown that hydrogels are able to fix the temporary form in iron (III) chloride solutions and reclaim it in solutions of ascorbic acid in less than 2 hours. Hydrogels based on sodium alginate have the best physical-mechanical characteristics compared with chitosan-based - the strength reaches 0.7 MPa and 0.11 MPa, the elasticity modulus is 1.02 MPa and 0.17 MPa at 65% deformation, correspondingly.

In situ synthesis of ferrate based on calcium hypochlorite for organic matter removal

Ferrate is a promising environment-friendly water-treatment agent due to its multiple function. However, its large-scale application in sewage treatment is limited because of its instability in aqueous solution and the high cost of pure ferrate. This study demonstrated an improved wet oxidation process for synthesising ferrate by oxidising ferric with calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2). The effects of reagent dosage and temperature on ferrate (VI) were investigated. The optimum conditions for ferrate (VI) synthesis was obtained (1 g of calcium hypochlorite, 5 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 4 g of iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) in 25 ml of water at 20°C and stirring for 30 min). Under the optimum conditions, the available chlorine and sodium hydroxide amount was about one-fifth and one-half of that of traditional sodium hypochlorite oxidation, respectively. The product was characterised by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that ferrate was present in the generated ferrate solution. Low-temperature, airtight and shading conditions and the addition of sodium silicate are conducive to the preservation of fresh ferrate. At pH 5.0, fresh ferrate could effectively remove methylene blue (MB) and chlorpyrifos in water, and the average removal rate of MB or chlorpyrifos was about 55% higher than that by pure ferrate.

Regioselective C-H Thiocyanation of Arenes by Iron(III) Chloride Catalysis.

Aryl thiocyanates are flexible synthetic intermediates that can be used in the preparation of a diverse range of arene building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Here, we report a fast and efficient Lewis acid-catalyzed method for the regioselective thiocyanation of arenes. Iron(III) chloride was found to be an effective Lewis acid for the activation of N-thiocyanatosaccharin and the subsequent thiocyanation of a wide range of activated arenes. The procedure was applicable for the thiocyanation of biologically active compounds such as metaxalone and an estradiol derivative and was used as part of a one-pot tandem iron-catalytic process for the regioselective, dual functionalization of an arene building block.

Effects of Coexisting Anions on the Formation of Hematite Nanoparticles in a Hydrothermal Process with Urea Hydrolysis and the Congo Red Dye Adsorption Properties

Crystalline hematite nanoparticles as adsorbents for anionic Congo red dye were prepared by a hydrothermal process using urea hydrolysis. To examine the effects of coexisting anions in a solution on the formation of hematite nanoparticles, different iron(III) salts, including iron chloride hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonahydrate, iron sulfate n-hydrate, ammonium iron sulfate dodecahydrate, and basic ferric acetate, were employed as iron-ion sources. After the hydrothermal treatment of the solution, consisting of an iron salt and urea at 423 K for 20 h, a single phase of hematite was formed from the iron-nitrate solution. The results suggested that the hydrothermal formation of hematite depended on the stability of iron complexes formed in the starting solution. The average crystallite size and median diameter of hematite nanoparticles also depended on the coexisting anions, suggesting that the appropriate selection of the coexisting anions in the starting solution can allow for control of the crystallite size and particle diameter of hematite nanoparticles. The Congo red adsorption kinetics and isotherms of the hematite nanoparticles were described by the Elovich model and Langmuir model, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamics parameters were estimated, which suggested an exothermic and spontaneous process. The results demonstrated good adsorption properties for Congo red adsorption.

Analysis of the Effect of Applied Load on Crevice Corrosion Behavior

A two-dimensional numerical model incorporating solid mechanics, electrochemistry, mass diffusion, and ion migration processes is developed to investigate the load effect on the crevice corrosion. The model is a transient model of crevice corrosion occurring in cracks of 304 stainless steel in a dilute NaCl solution, and the interaction between stress and electrochemical corrosion was considered. By solving the multiphysical coupling model in COMSOL, the effect of applied load on electrochemical corrosion in the crack tip region was calculated, and the local corrosion current density in the crack tip region with stress concentration within the crack was also calculated by using the Tafel relationship. The distribution of Fe2+ ion, Na+ ion, CL− ion, and H and O2 substance concentrations within the crack cavity is predicted by the equation analysis of substance transport. The results show that metal oxidation is more clearly affected by plastic deformation, the rate of hydrogen evolution reaction increases with stress enhancement, and the oxygen absorption reaction is not affected by stress strain. The distribution of iron ions, hydrogen, and oxygen within the crack is affected by the electrochemical reaction rate, and the distribution of iron ions, sodium ions, and chloride ions is affected by the electrolyte potential.

Mo and N co-doped iron biochar materials activating peroxymonosulfate for enhanced degradation of bisphenol A: Mechanism discussion and practical application

Mo and N co-doped iron biochar material (Fe/Mox-NC) was prepared through one-pot calcination method with anhydrous iron chloride, ammonium molybdate, and cherry stone powder as precursors. The composite can effectively catalyze activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic pollutants degradation, and the removal rate of 20 mg/L bisphenol A (BPA) reaches 99.08% in 30 min in the presence of 0.1 g/L Fe/Mo0.1-NC and 1 g/L PMS. Electrochemical analysis indicates that appropriate doped Mo and N can improve the electron transfer performance of the composite, which enhances the PMS activation property for BPA degradation. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis both demonstrated that the Fe/Mo0.1-NC/PMS system generated SO4•−, •OH and 1O2, which involved in BPA degradation. Moreover, a galvanic oxidation process had shown that there existed nonradical pathway which relied on electron transfer. The degradation pathway is proposed by measuring the intermediate products with HPLC-HRMS/MS. Through the exploration of the reaction mechanism, low-valence molybdenum ions can promote the cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+, and the pyridine-N and graphitic-N contained in Fe/Mo0.1-NC can catalyze activation of PMS together with Fe2+. The designed membrane filtration device revealed the feasibility of the composite in dynamic process, which was great significant for actual operation of water treatment. Furthermore, the Fe/Mo0.1-NC/PMS system could effectively decompose organic pollutants in the effluent from sewage treatment plant, achieving 82.6% of total organic carbon removal rate. This study not only prepared a novel heteroatom doped Fe-biochar material for PMS activation to degrade organic pollutants, but also deepened the reaction mechanism and explored its applicability for advanced treatment of real wastewater.

Scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy: A nanotool to probe hematite nanorods for solar water splitting

We report a scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) study of hematite nanorods, prototypical photoanode used in solar water splitting. Hematite nanorods were obtained by hydrothermal growth from aqueous solutions using FeCl3 as precursor. Potentials for onset of water splitting are smaller using this synthesis method, compared to values reported for hematite photoanodes obtained by epitaxial growth. STXM revealed the presence of a hexahydrate iron chloride phase at the surface of the nanorods, which is linked to the low onset potential values. We detail the quantification approach that revealed the specific microstructure of individual hematite nanorods.

FORMULATION FOR MAKING HAND SANITIZER BASED ON DURIAN PEEL EXTRACT (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) IN IMPROVING ANTIBACTERIAL ABILITY

Maceration using ethanol solvent was chosen in extracting durian rind which was then evaporated to obtain 50 grams of durian peel extract. The results of the phytochemical screening test showed that the durian rind contains tannin compounds as evidenced by the addition of Iron (III) chloride reagent to produce a black solution. In addition, durian peel also contains terpenoid compounds which have been proven using the Lieberman Burchard reagent so that a blackish brown ring is produced in the extract. The best hand sanitizer product formulation is 75 mL of 96% ethanol, 2 mL of glycerin, 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide, 10 mL of distilled water and 10 mL of a 6% concentration of durian peel extract solution. The hand sanitizer product has a liquid form, has a clear brownish color, has a distinctive durian rind aroma with a pH around 6 indicating that the hand sanitizer is suitable for use. Concentration of 6% Durian fruit peel hand sanitizer has better antibacterial ability than other concentrations with a large inhibition zone of 12.4 mm which is categorized as a strong level as an antibacterial substance.

Preparation of graphene supported Ni–Fe bimetallic nanocatalyst and its catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction performance for heavy oil

Graphene supported single metal catalyst can improve the dispersion of active components and enhance the viscosity reduction effect of heavy oil. However, there is little research on graphene-supported bimetallic catalysts in the field of heavy oil upgrading and viscosity reduction. In this paper, super heavy oil of Liaohe Oilfield was taken as the research object. Graphene was selected as the carrier material, and nickel and iron chlorides were used as precursors. Graphene-supported nickel-iron bimetallic nanocatalysts were prepared by solvothermal method, and their synthesis feasibility was proved by microscopic characterization. Then the prepared catalyst was used in the evaluation experiment of catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction performance of Liaohe heavy oil. By analyzing the parameters of oil samples before and after catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction, the catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction effect was evaluated and the viscosity reduction mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil with graphene supported Ni–Fe bimetallic catalyst was 42.38%. With the aid of decalin, the viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil could reach 71.43%. At this time, the content of heavy components, the average molecular weight of heavy components and the aromaticity fA of oil samples decreased after catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction, while the aromatic condensation degree HAU/CA and the branched chain index BI increased, and the modification effect was significant. Among them, the average molecular weight of asphaltene decreased from 2266 to 1444, with the most obvious decrease. The decrease of heteroatom content in asphaltene led to a significant decrease in intermolecular force and hydrogen bonding, which was the main reason for the catalytic upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy oil by graphene supported Ni–Fe bimetallic catalyst.

Cold-end corrosion caused by hygroscopic ammonium chloride in thermal conversion of biomass and waste

Optimization of energy recovery and efficient use of the energy in flue gases is of high importance for the economy of power plants. The fuel quality and additives to mitigate corrosion may dramatically affect cold-end deposits and corrosion. Ammonium chloride may form in the cold-end of the boiler if the flue gases contain both HCl(g) and NH3(g). Ammonia may be present in the cold-end when using ammonium-based additives or operating the boiler at low load leading to an NH3(g) slip. Ammonium chloride is a hygroscopic salt, which can cause corrosion of pre-heaters and flue gas cleaning equipment NH3(g) and HCl(g) can also pass through filters and form NH4Cl(s) after the baghouse filters. In this work, the hygroscopic properties of NH4Cl were determined by measuring the conductivity of the salt during decrease of temperature at various water vapor concentrations (10–35 vol%). The corrosiveness of NH4Cl salt on carbon steel was studied at 25 vol% water vapor in the temperature range of 70–160 °C. The cross-sections were analyzed using SEM-EDX, and corrosion rates were determined from panorama SEM images by analyzing the material loss in about 50 000 points. The material loss was also determined gravimetrically after removing the corrosion products with citric acid. The work revealed that hygroscopic NH4Cl is highly corrosive on carbon steel when water is absorbed. Water uptake and corrosion occurred at relative humidities well below the deliquescence relative humidity and depended on the temperature. An empirical equation for water uptake by NH4Cl was determined for water vapor concentrations between 10 and 35 vol% H2O. As corrosion proceeded, chlorine was enriched close to the carbon steel surface due to the formation of iron chlorides. The results can be used to avoid conditions typical for NH4Cl deposit build-up and create strategies to prevent corrosion.

Low-Pressure Microwave Plasma Reduction of Iron and Copper Salt Compounds at Low Temperatures for Oxidation State Alteration and Functional Applications.

The influence of plasma-reduction treatment on iron and copper compounds at different oxidation states was investigated in this study. For this purpose, reduction experiments were carried out with artificially generated patina on metal sheets and with metal salt crystals of iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), and copper(II) chloride (CuCl2), as well as with the metal salt thin films of these compounds. All the experiments were carried out under cold low-pressure microwave plasma conditions; the main focus was on plasma reduction at a low pressure in order to evaluate an implementable process in a parylene-coating device. Usually, plasma is used within the parylene-coating process as a supporting tool for adhesion improvement and micro-cleaning efforts. This article offers another useful application for implementing plasma treatment as a reactive medium in order to apply different functionalities by an alteration in the oxidation state. The effect of microwave plasmas on metal surfaces and metal composite materials has been widely studied. In contrast, this work deals with metal salt surfaces generated from a solution and the influence of microwave plasma on metal chlorides and sulfates. While the plasma reduction of metal compounds commonly succeeds with hydrogen-containing plasmas at high temperatures, this study shows a new reduction process that reduces iron salts at temperatures between 30 and 50 °C. A novelty of this study is the alteration in the redox state of the base and noble metal materials within a parylene-coating device with the help of an implemented microwave generator. Another novelty of this study is treating metal salt thin layers for reduction purposes in order to provide the opportunity to include subsequent coating experiments to create parylene metal multilayers. Another new aspect of this study is the adapted reduction process of thin metal salt layers consisting of either noble or base metals, with an air plasma pre-treatment prior to the hydrogen-containing plasma-reduction procedure.

Influence of transition metal-based activating agent on the properties and catalytic activity of sewage sludge-derived catalysts. Insights on mechanism, DFT calculation and degradation pathways

Research studies combining the detailed physicochemical properties' analysis, the catalytic activity in different real aqueous matrices, the proposal of degradation mechanisms and the stability of the intermediates/by-products by means of the Density-functional theory (DFT) are scarce. Therefore, this work gives a step forward in the field of circular economy and the removal of emerging pollutants such as the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, covering all the previously aspects mentioned, using four iron and nickel-based catalysts from two different sewage sludge.Experimental results revealed a significant influence of both the source of the sewage sludge and the activating agent used (iron chloride, nickel chloride and a mixture of both) on the physicochemical properties of the materials and, hence, on their catalytic activity. FTIR studies and chemical composition evidenced that the use of this biomass precursor leads to the generation of a wide variety of functional groups and heteroatoms in the synthesized catalyst structure. Moreover, they showed a combination of Type I-IV isotherms with H3-H4 type hysteresis loops, being mainly mesoporous materials and exhibiting a moderate microporosity except when nickel chloride was used solely as activating agent. The carbonaceous materials reached ciprofloxacin adsorption capacities in the range of 40.4–73.9 mg/g. The use of nickel chloride showed the lowest adsorption contribution and catalytic activity. The bimetallic catalyst (synthesized from a mixture of iron and nickel chloride) showed slightly higher catalytic activity than that found for the iron catalyst, but the metal leaching was also considerably higher. Consequently, the use of iron chloride solely as activating agent seems to be the better alternative, achieving a maximum ciprofloxacin removal around 99.7 % and an iron leaching concentration into the reaction medium of 0.48–0.61 mg/L. The main degradation pathways of ciprofloxacin were proposed according to the detection of LC-MS intermediates and DFT calculation, indicating the most likely areas of attack of reactive species on atoms with a high Fukui index (f0).

An experimental study on the effect of alumina nanocomposites on asphaltene precipitation

This study investigates the inhibition of asphaltene precipitation using alumina–iron nanocomposite (NCP). Al:Fe NCP, successfully synthesized from pure aluminum and iron chloride, is crystalline mixture of hematite and alumina phases with a purity of 99%. Decreasing the content in hematite lowers the particle size from ∼60 to 10 nm. To evaluate the inhibition potential of Al:Fe, a series of experiments consisting of the addition of Al:Fe NCP into a model crude oil followed by a precipitation using n-heptane were conducted. The model oil was a solution consisting of 3 mg of asphaltene extracted from a dead Middle Eastern heavy oil (29.2oAPI) dissolved into 10 g of toluene. 35 vol. % of heptane was required to precipitate asphaltene from the model crude oil. Hereinafter termed as asphaltene onset precipitation (AOP), adding 0.05 wt.% Al:Fe NCP to the model oil requires up to 30 mL of heptane to precipitate the same amount of asphaltenes. The increase in molar ratio in alumina decreases AOV up to 63.5%. The spectral studies revealed that the inhibition of asphaltene precipitation involves both the polar interactions of alumina phase with asphaltene and the decrease of the π–π stacking interaction upon addition of NCPs.

P‐7.11: Assistance of Iron (II) Chloride and Dimethyl Sulfoxide to Liquid Electrochromic Device Based on Ammonium Metatungstate

Inspired by some previous surveys, we obtained significant electrochromic properties by hydrothermal synthesis using a solution of Iron (II) Chloride, Ammonium Metatungstate, Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrochloric Acid. The respond time of the electrochromic device was accelerated by iron (II) chloride that the coloring time was 6.5s while the bleaching time was 11.5s at the molar concentration ratio of 1:3.5 between ammonium metatungstate and iron (II) chloride, PH=2.5. Meanwhile the device had a significant optical modulation of 65% with air serving as a blank. Influenced by the acidic environment, the aqueous solution will occur hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which dramatically deteriorated the stable of active layer over a long period of cycling. Here we innovatively apply a hydrogen bond acceptor, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the formulation, the open circuit voltage of HER can be increased as well as the overpotential through restricting all hydrogen atoms of the water molecules in the DMSO‐H2O H‐bond network which can achieve the effect of maintaining a steady cycle of over 800 cycles.

Sensorial Behavior of Polypyrrole Nanofibers Prepared by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization

Conductive polymer (CPs) materials include polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy-NFs). The chemical oxidation of pyrrole monomer with Iron (III) chloride in the presence of methyl orange at 3 0C had synthesized polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy-NFs). Polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy-NFs) were determined to be amorphous, based on the XRD spectra. According to the TEM test, PPy is polymerized into one-dimensional nanofibers with a nanofibers structure that has distinct nanofibers diameters with widths varying from (50-100 nm). The PPy-NFs in the manufactured nanostructures were investigated using RAMAN to identify their composition. Additionally, The NH3 gas- sensing performance of the PPy NFs thin films for the prepared molar ratio was tested.