Irkutsk National Research Technical University Research Articles

Main stages in the formation of residential areas in the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye

The present work is part of the author’s series of articles that analyze historical conditions for the formation of residential areas in the cities of the Irkutsk Oblast, their social and spatial environment, as well as the possibilities of an integrated territorial development. The study into the stages of residential development in the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye will contribute to prioritizing their modernization and preserving the historically valuable areas. In the work, the ontogeny of residential areas was determined by a retrospective analysis and a clustering method in accordance with the key periods of historical development. Further, using empirical research methods and stratified sampling, residential types were revealed, the dominant characteristics were identified, and their description was given. An analysis of residential types was carried out with the provision of absolute and relative indicators. The performed study identified the four main stages of residential development. A generalized analysis of 17 residential development types was carried out. The data is tabulated. The results of the study in the form of a report were presented at the 24th session of the International Baikal Winter Urban Planning University in 2023 at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University. During the study of the living environment in the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye, the relationship between the main historical and political events and the state of the society, which were reflected in the formation of a particular residential development type, was established. Guided by the materials of the article, urban planners and architects will be able to focus on the most valuable fragments of existing buildings and take them into account during further planning of integrated territorial development. The article contains the schemes and results of the conducted research.

Some historical aspects of education and research in Russia and Mongolia

The article describes the history of the origin and development of friendly relation in Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the fields of higher education and science on the example of Irkutsk National Research Technical University (former Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute, Irkutsk State Technical University) Irkutsk, Russia and the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (former Mongolian State University, Mongolian Polytechnic Institute) Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The author analyzes basic scientific interests of the teaching staff of these universities of Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, which are geographically the closest neighbors. Based on archival materials and published works, a detailed description of training scientific and pedagogical personnel for Mongolia at the Irkutsk university from 1960 to 2022 is given as well as the thematic scope and the nature of field and research work are described. Moreover, the activity results of the Kerulen International Geological Expedition, which was the result of many years of friendly relations between Russia and Mongolia in the field of education and science are presented. The conducted work clearly demonstrates an example of specific achievements in the fields of geological surveying, research and teaching activities of the academic staff of higher educational institutions of the two countries.

Making of the Universal Competence “Teamwork and Leadership” in Undergraduate Programs: Analysis of University Practices

The formation of universal competencies is a thorough practical task of universities in terms of compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ and the labor market. At the same time, theoretical and methodological issues of the formation and assessment of competencies are issues of the prerogative of a particular educational organization. In this regard, it is important to study the approaches that have developed in various universities. The purpose of our study is to consider the content of the disciplines that form UK-3 in undergraduate programs, to consider the forms and methods of conducting classes and assessment tools. The information base of the research was the materials of the «Education» section of the official websites of the universities. The object of observation are five universities represented in the market of educational services in Irkutsk: Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk State Agrarian University, Baikal State University, Irkutsk State Transport University, Irkutsk State Agrarian University. The value of income was obtained by the authors as a result of the emergence of established approaches, the allocation of general and special, generalization of established practices. The conducted study recorded the most valuable points of view from the point of view of theory and methodology, showed an expedient assessment of the experience and suggested further evaluation of the results and results of the research.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOCK ABSORBERS

The article discusses the methodology for determining the performance characteristics of Toyota Prius 20 shock absorbers. The study was conducted using a stand for the diagnosis of shock absorbers developed by the Department of Road Transport of INRTU (Irkutsk National Research Technical University). Tests were carried out for five front suspension shock absorbers, one – a new serviceable shock absorber, the rest – shock absorbers that were previously in operation. The experimental dependences of the change in the resistance force of the shock absorber on the speed of movement of its rod are analyzed. The level of operational characteristics of the shock absorber under study was determined by comparing the obtained parameters with the parameters of the new shock absorber.
 The results of experimental studies are presented in the form of operational characteristics of tested shock absorbers and indicators that determine the level of operational characteristics of shock absorbers. The developed methods and the equipment implementing them make it possible to determine the functional dependencies and the level of performance of shock absorbers that were in the operating conditions of the vehicle.

A scientometric review of global research on technology in physical education

Since COVID-19, technology-based physical education has been normal and is emerging. This paper is intended to identify the development of scientific publications and map educational technology research pertinent to physical education. The keywords "technology" and "physical education" were searched for in the Scopus and Web of Science databases for this study. The number of papers obtained was 1120. The results of mapping this topic reflected fluctuating trends. Between 2020 and 2021, there was a notable rise in this subject resulting from the breakout of the COVID-19 virus and the subsequent protracted pandemic, which compelled most individuals to rely on technology for learning, including physical education. The source that contributed the most to technology and physical education was the "Journal of Physics: Conference Series." With eight articles, Mikhail Kolokoltsev of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russia, contributed the most to technology and physical education. The most influential and widely cited paper was entitled "Final condition screening system of boys aged 15–17 years in the process of physical education" by Olena et al., 2017. The most frequently used keywords were "physical education," "technology," and "college physical education." With 421 articles, China contributed the most to technology and physical education. This study restricted its search to the years 2017-2021. In light of this, it will be crucial for future studies to create a comprehensive map by examining the first year of publications on this subject. It can be used as a guide to look at more interesting pictures that have not been evaluated or looked at yet.

Digital monitoring system of the Baikal natural water area based on IIS “Kumir-Resource”

In this article, the solution to the problem of ensuring the ecological improvement of water bodies, including the Volga River, and the preservation of unique water systems, including lakes Baikal and Teletskoye, is reduced to the creation of a digital monitoring system capable of organizing communication with a large number of devices for monitoring the environmental parameters of lakes and rivers. On such a scale, a well-planned platform will avoid problems in data exchange, provide fast and timely access to information. When creating a platform of this type, a number of requirements and tasks arise, the solution of which can cause certain problems and limitations. To organize a stable connection with monitoring devices in the amount of several million pieces, the IT platform must be scalable and performant. These and other tasks are being solved by the Irkutsk National Research Technical University together with the STC “Kumir”.

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ПОДГОТОВКЕ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ К ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЙ С РАЗВЁРНУТЫМ ОТВЕТОМ ПИСЬМЕННОЙ ЧАСТИ ЕДИНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ЭКЗАМЕНА ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

Recommendations on Preparing for the Part “Writing” of the Unified State Exam in English (Case Study of Irkutsk Region) Results. The study shows that most of the graduates of 2022 successfully completed the basic level task of the new format (84.2% - “Communicative task” criterion, 92.8% - “Organization of the text” criterion). The lexico-grammatical aspect of the text was the only one that presented difficulties (46.3%). The participants with the low or medium levels of English made mistakes related to misunderstanding of the communicative task due to vocabulary issues. The high level task was successfully accomplished by the graduates with the high and above average levels of language proficiency (69.1%). Discussion and Conclusion. To complete the written tasks 39 and 40 successfully, it is necessary to use systematic, consistent sets of exercises, which are designed on the basis of “from simple to complex” principle. A set of exercises aimed at preparing students for writing an electronic personal letter should contain exercises to train the skills of structuring a personal letter, taking etiquette phrases that correspond to the declared style and using correct linguistic means to express thoughts. A set of exercises to prepare students for task 40 is more complex and contains exercises for drilling advanced grammatical and syntactic structures, academic vocabulary, for training the skills of competent writing of the introductory part, reasoned identification of the problem and determining ways to solve it, as well as for developing the ability to express thoughts logically and coherently within the context of required style. These sets can be used for individual and group work, for self checking and mutual checking techniques. The sets of exercises recommended by the authors were tested at the courses for preparing pupils for the Unified State Examination in English at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University and showed their effectiveness. The main differentiating feature of the discussed sets is an effective transition from the grammar translation to the communicative-cognitive approach in teaching.

Spontaneous coal combustion risks and risk indication methods

Currently, despite the development of alternative technologies, the main source of energy is fossil fuels. A significant proportion of fossil fuels is solid fuels, which, along with the undoubted advantages, have a high fire hazard, including related to their ability to spontaneous combustion. The process of spontaneous combustion has not been sufficiently studied, and the methods of combating it are still far from perfect. Self-ignition has long been an object of scientific research, both in Russia and abroad. For a long time, Irkutsk National Research Technical University has been carrying out comprehensive studies of spontaneous combustion in coal deposits and objects of storage and consumption in Eastern Siberia, aimed at developing methods for early diagnosis and technologies for preventing spontaneous combustion. The article describes the main directions of research and the achievements of the Department of Promecology and Life Safety in this area.

Preface

The International Russian Conference on Ecology and Environmental Engineering (RusEcoCon-2022) was organized by South Ural State University (national research university), Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Ural State University of Architecture and Art, Yekaterinburg and lnterCon LLC, Chelyabinsk on 16-20 of May, 2022 in Sochi, Russia.The conference program encompassed a wide range of topics and was divided into 4 sections: Sustainable Urban Environmental Development, Resources and Environment Engineering, Energy Science, Green Technology and eco-innovation, Technology potential for Environmental Management 4.0.The spread of the coronavirus COVID-19 made still adjustments to our live in this year, including the organization of our conference. Participants could take part in the conference as in a traditional face-to-face format and as format of video conference remotely.The conferees represented 29 cities from Russian and other countries. The international program committee has selected totally 65 papers for publishing in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) (IOP Publishing Ltd.).On behalf of the Organizing Committee we express appreciation to our colleagues who participated in the review procedure of the papers and especially thank members of International Program Committee, who helped us to organize this conference.We express our gratitude to the participants for the active work at the conference sections and look forward to meeting at RusEcoCon-2023 next March in Sochi, Russia. Editors: Prof. Dr. Andrey A. Radionov,Prof. Dr. Dmitriy V. Ulrikh,Prof. Dr. Svetlana S. TimofeyevaProf. Dr. Vladimir N. Alekhin

Physical development and physical fitness of students of different functional groups of health

The construction of physical education classes for students should be provided not only by solving special and individual problems of physical education, but also by solving the general physiological action of the body as a whole, which prevents hypodynamics, lack of motor activity, stimulates metabolism, restores and strengthens motor skills.
 Аre given the results of the anthropometric and Uzhhorod National University (UzhNU) fiziometricheskikh measurements 3279 of the students of Irkutsk national research technical university (IRNITU) and testing of their engine of qual. It is established that the anthropometric and fiziometricheskie indices in youths and girls I (of basic) functional group of health (with exception of the mass of body in girls), are reliably higher than in the students II (of preparatory) functional group. The values of indices in the engine tests in I the functional group are reliably above both in the girls and in youths. The reliable difference in the test to the flexibility between all students of both functional groups it is not established. The higher content of muscular mass into the tele- girls and the youths I of functional group and better physical development ensures their advantage in the engine qualities, in comparison with the students, in reference to II the functional group. The content of fatty mass is more in all students, in reference to I the functional group. The differences between the indices of the bone mass of body in the observed groups of health it is not established. The revealed special features of physical development and physical preparedness of students should be calculated during the organization of training process on the basis of discipline “physical culture” (Institute of Higher Education).

Features of Machine Grinding of Surfaces with a Flap Wheel

In order to obtain the necessary shape of long panels and sheaths, the aircraft industry successfully uses a complex technology of shaping. Grinding, as an operation in a complex technological process, is provided after the operation of shot-peen forming before hardening. It is designed to ensure that the roughness and final aerodynamic shape of the surface meet the requirements established by the drawing of the part. To implement this technology, a special installation UDF-4 (shot-impact forming unit) was designed and manufactured at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University. The version of this installation was equipped with a CNC system and a revolver stripping head with 4-flap wheels. The possibility of choosing the necessary flap wheels in the process of grinding, depending on the curvature and width of the treated surface, significantly expanded the technological capabilities of the installation. The elastic abrasive flap wheels of a straight profile used in production have proven themselves well both in terms of grinding performance and tool durability. However, practice has shown that due to the complex impact of abrasive petals during contact with the treated surface, a special zone of uneven impact along the length of the contact of the petals is formed during grinding. The results of experimental studies have shown that the roughness of the treated surface is significantly improved when the direction of movement of the flap wheels feed in the contact zone is changed from oncoming to passing. The paper presents experimental data on studies of changes in surface roughness in the contact zone with the abrasive flap wheels during grinding, depending on the processing modes, as well as the results of an experimental study of the quality of the treated surface with counter and passing feed.

Mobbing as a professional risk factor (on the example of INRTU)

Currently, in labor protection, significant attention is paid to various aspects of the psychological climate in production, namely industrial stress, physical and psychological cruelty, balance between work and private life, psychological and organizational factors affecting the labor productivity. Under stress conditions, humans have disturbed sleep, poorly coordinated movements, they are unable to make decisions, and the efficiency of their labor activity decreases. The study aims to identify the level of mobbing on the example of Irkutsk National Research Technical University staff and develop recommendations for reducing the level of mobbing on the university staff. There are two types of mobbing: vertical (bossing), when psychological terror comes from the leadership and horizontal - when it comes from colleagues. The study was conducted using the methods of questioning, analysis and comparison. The results of the mobbing survey in the staff environment, diagnostics of the mental and motivational states of teachers, as well as methods for assessing the psychological atmosphere are presented. It was established that in some departments elements of mobbing are manifested. Staff aged 36-45 mainly react to the mobbing. Practical recommendations for preventing mobbing were suggested. They include the need to inform the staff of long-term university development goals, the availability of job descriptions, the possibility of career development and an even distribution of responsibilities and teaching load.

Организация пространства библиотеки ИРНИТУ в аспекте реновации образовательной среды

In this work, the challenges of modernising space in the scientific library of the Irkutsk National Re-search Technical University within the framework of the program of renovation of the educational envi-ronment are addressed. The interiors of the IRNTU library were used as a design object. It is neces-sary to reconstruct the educational landscape following the changes in the educational process, given the new forms and methods of teaching at the university reflected in the development of the library structure, as well as the brand. The new requirements of visitors are both simple and complex: the main advantages of the library should be openness, accessibility and comfort. On the one hand, comprehensive data should be provided through mobile, open-source library collections, which meet the growing demands of users; on the other hand, comfortable conditions should ensure this process. A modern library visitor evaluates the technological potential, as well as the organisation of the internal subject-spatial environment. The spatial model focuses on the needs of students and teachers (as the social composition of the audience in the educational organisation) for accessibility, flexibility, usability and technical resources. Social and age stratification of space dictates functional, compositional and colour solutions. The development of a new university environment is proposed, with a comprehensive design process being presented. A unique public space is created by a conceptual solution, followed by the subsequent development of a design project.

Сохранение культурных объектов и историко-культурного потенциала архитектурно-градостроительного наследия г. Иркутска как фактор развития туристической отрасли региона

The paper aims to analyze the historical-cultural potential of the Irkutsk city center, to consider the uniqueness and identity of its urban environment, as well as to explore the opportunities and experi-ences associated with the commercialization of historical buildings and relevant measures. The specif-ics of Irkutsk’s cultural heritage, its architectural landmarks, and tourist attractions are discussed in the study. In addition, the work examines the historical center of Irkutsk in terms of its architectural and space-planning features, along with the typology of buildings, comprising the historical and cultural heritage of varying significance. The concepts of identity and authenticity in Irkutsk’s development are defined. As part of the historical site development, it is proposed to commercialize cultural heritage (including wooden structures) through tourism (temporary accommodation), food service, and trade (gift shops, etc.). In order to attract attention to potentially suitable sites, it is suggested to develop new tourist routes connecting Irkutsk’s quarters that feature historical buildings preserved in their orig-inal state. The study presents a route plan proposed in a graduation thesis within the training program Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Heritage at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (author – A. K. Mainovskaya; supervisor – A. N. Prokudin).

Гаражная амнистия и/или комплексное развитие территорий?

This study continues the author's article series aimed at examining the territory of garage cooperatives (GCs) in Irkutsk as prospective development areas and reserves of urban lands. The “garage amnesty” law accepted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation provides the citizens with the possibility to legalise their garages and land plots, which makes the integrated development of GCs highly specific. The study analyses territories of the most valuable landscapes in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk Okrug occupied with GCs, which impede their integrated development. An empirical research method was used, including a description, comparison by districts and calculation of actual GC areas formed by 2021 in Irkutsk. An analysis of the GC location was carried out with the provision of absolute and relative indicators. In the process of the study, a strategy for improving the quality of the living environment by transforming the areas of garage cooperatives into attractive recreational zones with highly effective multifunctional facilities was developed. This strategy proposes a compact storage of cars, their maintenance, arrangement of individual vegetable storages and organisation of other public functions at the places of GC location with the transformation of the latter into a comfortable environment both for owners of personal vehicles and neighbourhood residents. GC territories can be transformed into potential sites of city development. The paper contains schemes and research results obtained in the framework of the final qualification work in the "Architecture" speciality of student M.V. Malkina (2021) under the guidance of the author of the present article at the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (INRTU).

Проектирование баз данных автодорожной отрасли на основе теоретико-множественного анали-за сложных систем

In the article, a method for designing databases for the road industry that meets the requirements of the digital economy was developed. The set-theory analysis of complex systems implemented by relational databases (RDBs) was used. This approach meets current trends in the global digital economy, where relational databases provide efficient operation of the banking sector, industrial production management, fast data processing (bank cards, Internet search), etc. The Department of Roads at Irkutsk National Research Technical University designed and is developing the road database for the Irkutsk region. The paper considers the concept of this project and prospects of its further development with a view to the possible use of this database by remote users. The specifics of digital economy in the Russian Federation call for establishing branches and territorial databases, including the road database for the Russian regions. The efficient solutions for such a database were proposed, including, in particular, integrating remote users with the back-end database based on the attribute characteristics to limit the available content and allowable changes to the back-end data.

Discursive Practices as Drivers of Academic Culture in Higher Education (Baikal School of BRICS Case Study)

Irkutsk National Research Technical University has recently launched a number of English-taught educational programmes with the paramount objective to transform the educational landscape of the university. Delivering the programmes in a foreign language gives the university significant competitive advantages in the higher education market, and also enhances the standards of education by attracting foreign experts, professors and students. The purpose of the study is to identify specific didactic tasks that will determine the design of English-taught educational programmes. Having analysed the experience based on language training of undergraduate and graduate students who study in multicultural groups and take English-taught courses, we conclude that the academic status of foreign languages within the programmes of Baikal School of BRICS differs from classical educational paradigms. The implemented lingua-didactic approach when delivering the disciplines focused on language performance is based on the principles of intercultural reflection, acceptance of linguistic and cultural diversity, generation of common meanings and values of education and academic cooperation within the studied subjects, and it contributes to the development of adequate educational technologies resulting in appropriate learning outcomes of students. The results of the study can be used to evaluate and develop similar educational products.

Irkutsk school of mining engineers is celebrating 90<sup>th</sup> anniversary

It is in 1930 that the training of mining engineers began in Eastern Siberia on the basis of the Siberian Mining Institute (now Irkutsk National Research Technical University). In 1931 the Department of Mining Arts was organized, which later was named the Department of Mineral Deposits Development. Over the years, the Department has trained more than 7000 graduates – mining engineers, who made a huge contribution in the development of the mining industry in the Irkutsk region and neighboring territories including Mongolia. The Department has trained more than a hundred mining engineers and Masters of science for Mongolia; assisted the lecturers and professors of the Mongolian Polytechnic University (now Mongolian University of Science and Technology) in organizing the educational process for training specialists for the country's mining industry. At its different formation stages the Department of Mineral Deposits Development was headed by well-known scientists – mining engineers, who created three scientific schools for the development of coal, placer and gold deposits; the obtained scientific results were marked with two State awards of the Russian Federation, dozens of doctoral and candidate dissertations were defended and about 100 patents were received. Today, the Department super- vises the training of mining engineers in open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, carries out a large amount of research and design work on the orders from mining enterprises, trains academic staff, develops new technologies and technical solutions in order to improve mining operations. The Department is deeply involved in the cooperation with mining enterprises, research and design organizations, as well as with universities that train mining engineers.

Compositional study of the lost temples in instructional design

The article presents the design and research work of the authors and first-year architecture students of Irkutsk National Research Technical University concerning compositional study of lost temples of Irkutsk with the reconstruction of their architectural appearance. The illustrative material was prepared using the students’ works. The complex of Siberian Baroque temples in Irkutsk in the mid-18th – late 19th centuries and various types of church buildings were studied. The work uses modeling as a tool for predicting the architectural appearance of the temple. Sketch drawings and models of the Miracle-Working, Tikhvinsky and Annunciation temples were completed, and the model of the evolution of Siberian Baroque temples was recreated. The main stages of the term project, from building functional, planning and volumetric models to designing image and structural characteristics of the object on the sample board, were presented.

Improving stripping efficiency of double curvature surface on a setup with turret head

The study was performed to develop a method for selecting a rational profile of a profiled flap wheel for a turret stripping head for cleaning parts with different radius of the transverse curvature. Researchers from the Irkutsk National Research Technical University and Irkutsk Aviation Plant designed and fabricated a special PFS-4 (peen forming setup) unit to implement manufacturing technology of large-scale contour-forming components. The unit is equipped with a CNC system, two movable operating elements, a shot blaster and a turret stripping head with four flap wheels. The paper offers methods and criteria for selecting the profiled flap wheel for stripping the contour-forming surfaces of the components, depending on the curvature radius of the latter. A flap wheel with an optimal curvature radius of 40 m was chosen for analysis, which allows a sufficiently large range of profile curvature of the processed components (from 8 to 40 m) to be covered. Profiled flap wheels 100 and 200 m wide with a flap profile radius of 40 m provided uniform material removal when cleaning the surface with a curvature radius from 8 to 40 m without further overlapping with a finished strip. It was shown that wider profiled flap wheels are necessary to increase stripping efficiency. In this case, a 300 mm wide flap wheel can be used for a component surface area with a transverse curvature radius over 14 m and a 400 mm wheel for surface areas with a curvature radius of over 20 m. Thus, comparing the stripping process of a curved surface by the straight flap wheel revealed that profiled flap wheels significantly expand the workability of the PFS-4 unit turret stripping head.