Iris Florentina Research Articles

1211 Iris florentina L. extract: Inhibitor and inducer of epidermal melanogenesis

1211 Iris florentina L. extract: Inhibitor and inducer of epidermal melanogenesis

Zastosowanie i właściwości lecznicze korzenia kosaćca fiołkowego w historii medycyny i farmacji

Iris florentina also referred to as the white iris is an old name for Iris germanica. The plant’s root called orris root was used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. As early as in antiquity it was applied to treat stomach illnesses and irritation as well as, above all, stomatitis and a sore throat. Orris root was also used as a remedy for the respiratory tract infections, skin ulcers and kidney stones due to its powerful diuretic effect. Apart from its anti–inflammatory and antiseptic properties, it had a very pleasant aroma, which is why it became an ingredient of perfumed products, such as scented soaps, as well tooth powders, which also had cleansing and medicinal properties. The research aim of this article is a thorough analysis of cosmetic and medicinal use of the root of Iris florentina from antiquity till the 19th century, moreover, the answer to the question: has its use changed over the centuries? For this purpose the authors used, among others, 19th – century apothecaries’ manuals stored in the library of the Museum of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College. The study showed that in the history of medicine and pharmacy, orris root was particularly used as an ingredient in dental products.

What happened to Linnaeus’s Iris florentina? Re–evaluation of this taxon at species level

AbstractIris florentina is a species of Iris with white flowers belonging to the bearded group (subg. Iris, sect. Iris). In ancient times it was cultivated around Florence (Italy) and in other parts of southern Europe and was validly described by Linnaeus in 1759. However, this early name has been used since by many authors to indicate a number of different entities of white–flowered irises that do not always match the Linnaean description. This has resulted in a certain taxonomic confusion that is here reconstructed and illustrated. The results of our investigations show that I. florentina should be re–evaluated at the species level and not considered an albino variety of I. germanica. A neotype is here proposed. This study also shows that the name I. albicans must be considered a later synonym for I. florentina, while I. alba describes a different white–flowered Iris related to I. germanica.

An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Plants Used as Insecticide and Insect Repellent in Traditional Iranian Medicine.

ContextInsects can be the cause of major ecological problems; they can transmit microbes and parasites that affect humans, and damage food crops, trees, and homes. The total economic cost of insect-related damage and disease is immeasurable. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants have been identified as insecticides or insect repellents, but many of them are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the insecticidal or insect repellent activity of certain medicinal plants described in TIM.Evidence AcquisitionInformation about medicinal plants proposed as insecticides and insect repellents in the TIM was collected from the TIM literature, and searched in modern medical databases to find studies that confirmed their efficacy.ResultsModern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, Citrullus colocynthis, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, and Origanum majorana. However, in the cases of plants like Iris florentina and Malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern medicine to prove their effectiveness with regard to their insecticidal and insect repellent activities.ConclusionsThis study confirmed the Iranian traditional medicine claims of the insecticidal and insect repellent activity of certain plants. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the overall efficacy and possible mechanisms underlying these herbs.

The wound healing effect of <i>Iris forentina</i> on full thickness excisional skin wounds: A histomorphometrical study

<p class="Abstract"><em>Iris florentina</em> is an ancient herbal remedy which was prescribed by many physicians due to its positive effects on dermatological problems, specifically skin wounds. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of this agent on full-thickness excisional skin wounds in laboratory rats. Three groups of rats (180 ± 20 g; n=8) with 1 cm diameter full-thickness excisional skin wound received daily treatment with I. florentina 10% ointment, and a group with no treatment. By using histomorphometrical methods, the amount of fibroblast population, collagen bundle synthesis, and vascularization (length density, mean diameter and volume density of the vessels) were estimated. Outcome of the study exhibited that the increase in fibroblast proliferation rate, collagen bundle synthesis, vascular density and vascular mean diameter in<em> I. florentina-</em>treated group were significant in comparison to the untreated group (p<0.05). Results indicated that <em>I. florentina</em> can be prescribed as a herbal medicine for treatment of skin wounds or be used as an additional agent for today's common medicines.</p><p> </p>

Chemical Constituents of the Underground Parts of Iris florentina and their Cytotoxic Activity

Three new isoflavonoid glycosides (1, 5, and 9) and 10 known compounds (2-4, 6-8, and 10-13) were isolated from the underground parts of Iris florentina (Iridaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data and the results of hydrolytic cleavage. The isolated compounds and the aglycones were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Compound 12 induced apoptotic cell death in the HL-60 cells.

ФАРМАКОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ РОДА IRIS L. (ОБЗОР)

The overview provides information about places of natural habitat, Botanical description, chemical composition, information about the use of pharmaceuticals, medicinal plants of representatives Iris L.In official and folk medicine uses the leaves, rhizomes and roots of Iris lactea Pall., Iris pseudacorus L., Iris germanica L., Iris florentina L., Iris pallida Lam., Iris sibirica L., Iris setosa Pall., Iris ensata Tnunb. in the form of fees, medical and cosmetic products. On the basis of comprehensive studies of medicinal plants of Iris lactea, held in Saint-Petersburg chemical-pharmaceutical Academy, created and tested unique drugs preventive action "Viton" and "Latter". NGO "VILAR" currently available "Alpizarin" (FS 42-2843 - 92). Received a patent for inventions where the use of callus culture I. sibirica, as an alternative method of obtaining medicinal plant materials to produce essential oil. The proposed method enhances the quality of essential oil, a significant increase in the output of iron, reducing the cost of the resulting product, the possibility of continuous cultivation of tissues regardless of environmental conditions, the expansion of the resource base. Survey data will serve as a basis for further study of the mineral composition of physiologically active substances, pharmacological effectiveness data Iris L. and development of biotechnology receipt of a new kind of medicinal plant resources of the Russian Federation, as a source of creating therapeutic and prophylactic drugs in modern medicine.

Isolation and Structure Determination of the Precursors of a-and y-Irone and Homologous Compounds from Iris pallida and Iris florentina

Rhizomes of Iris pallida and Iris florentina contain - increasing on storage - violet-like smelling C14-ketones (irones 1 a-c) which develop by oxidative degradation of C31-triterpenoids. The structure of these precursors is reported as well as the structure of respective C30-homologues. The unusual C31-structures may derive biogenetically from the respective C30 compounds by a methylation which initiates the formation of the ring-closed irone-moiety

Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase by Flavonoids

Nobiletin and irigenin were identified as inhibitors of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, which were contained in peels of immature fruits of Citrus reticulata BLANCO (Japanese name “Seihi”) and in rhizomes of Iris florentina L. The structure activity relationships of 33 flavonoids were studied and polymethoxy flavonoids were generally more inhibitory against cAMP phosphodiesterase than corresponding polyhydroxy flavonoids. Nobiletin, irigenin and pentamethyl quercetin showed inhibitory effect on barium sulphate transport in the small intestine of mice. Further pharmacological investigations have revealed that these flavonoids have cholinergic activity.

Studies on the constituents of Iris florentina L. II. C-Glucosides of xanthones and flavones from the leaves.

Four C-glucosylxanthones [Mangiferin (3), isomangiferin (2), 4 and 5] and three C-glucosylflavones [swertisin (6), isoswertisin (7) and isoswertiajaponin (8)] were isolated from the fresh leaves of Iris florentina L. (Iridaceae). The structures of 4 and 5 were shown to be 7-O-methylmangiferin and 7-O-methylisomangiferin, respectively, by chemical and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts of aryl carbons in these C-glucosylxanthones (2-5) were assigned. On the basis of the co-occurrence of several types of xanthone and flavone C-glucosides, the biosynthetic relationship between both C-glucosides is briefly discussed.

ニオイイリスの成分研究(第1報)地下部に含まれるC-Glucosylxanthoneの単離およびそれらの生合成

Three C-glucosylxanthones, 1-hydroxy-3, 5, 6-trimethoxyxanthone-2-C-glucoside (8), 1, 3, 5, 6-tetrahydroxyxanthone-2-C-glucoside (9) and isomangiferin (10), were isolated from the underground parts of Iris florentina L., besides mangiferin (2) and irisxanthone (3) which have been known as the components of this plant. In order to study the biosynthesis of 9 and 3, maclurin-(carbonyl-14C) (11) was fed to I. florentina L. Labelled 11 was efficiently incorporated not only into 2 but also 9 and 3, and the radioactivity in 9 was largely localized in the aglycone moiety. These results indicate that 11 was incorporated into 9 without randomization and that 9 and 3, therefore, were biosynthesized via C-glucosylation of maclurin (11). In addition to C-glucosylxanthones, two acetophenones, piceol (6) and acetovanillone (7), were isolated together with sinapic acid and protocatechuic acid.

Studies on Constituents of <I>Iris</I> Genus Plants. III. The Constituents of <I>Iris florentina</I> L.(1)

Irisflorentin, a new isoflavone has been isolated from the rhizoma of Iris florentina L.(Iridaceae) besides irigenin, iristectorigenin B and irisolone. The structure of irisflorentinhas been determined as 5, 3', 4', 5'-tetramethoxy-6, 7-methylenedioxyisoflavone by chemical degradation and spectral means.

The Constituents of Iris florentina L. (3). Structure of Irisxanthone, a New C-Glycosylxanthone

Irisxanthone (IV), C20H20O11·H2O, decomposing over 208° without melting, a new C-glycosylxanthone, has been isolated from the rhizoma of Iris florentina L. (Iridaceae) along with mangiferin. The structure of irisxanthone (IV) has been determined as 2-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxy-1, 3, 6-trihydroxyxanthone by chemical and spectral studies.

Studies on Constituents of Iris Genus Plants. IV. The Constituents of Iris florentina L. (2)

Irifloside (III), C23H22O12·H2O, mp 177-178°, a new isoflavone glycoside, has been isolated from the rhizoma of Iris florentina L. (Iridaceae) together with iriflophenone (II), irisolone (IV), irisflorentin (I), iristectorigenin B (V), irigenin (VI) and iridin (VII). The structure of irifloside (III) has been determined as 5, 4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-6, 7-methylenedioxyisoflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucoside by chemical degradation and spectral means, and its aglycone, C17H12O7, mp 221-223°, was named iriflogenin (VIII). The structure of iriflophenone (II), C13H10O5, mp 207-208°, has been determined as 2, 4, 6, 4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone by spectral means.

Studies on constituents of Iris genus plants. VI. The constituents of the rhizoma of Iris florentina L. and the constituents of the petals of Iris japonica Thunb (author's transl)

Studies on constituents of Iris genus plants. VI. The constituents of the rhizoma of Iris florentina L. and the constituents of the petals of Iris japonica Thunb (author's transl)

Fusarium redolens . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium redolens . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Asparagus officinalis, A. plumosus, Cucumis sativus, Daucus carota, Dianthus barbatus, D. caryophyllus, D. plumarius, Helleborus niger, Iris florentina, I. germanica, I. tectorum, Larix sibirica, Ligustrum vulgare, Linum usitatissimum, Lupinus angustifolius, Lycopersicon esculentum, Picea glauca, Pinus resinosa, P. sylvestris, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Tulipa sp. and Vicia faba . DISEASE: A tracheid parasite causing wilt, 'damping-off in seedlings, and sometimes a cortical rot. Fusarium redolens has been recorded in association with F. oxysporum f. pisi in a wilt of broad beans (35: 340) and of peas (39: 450). Each of these pathogens can cause wilting of peas separately, producing symptoms which are indistinguishable from one another (35: 213). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in soil in temperate regions. TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne infection through roots, or dying cotyledons in the case of peas.