Irbid District Research Articles

The Influence of Using the Electronic Teaching in Self –Education and Its Cognitive, Kinetic Content of The Skill of Sending and Receiving of Volleyball for Girls at The Secondary Stage at The Directorate of Education in Irbid District

The Influence of Using the Electronic Teaching in Self –Education and Its Cognitive, Kinetic Content of The Skill of Sending and Receiving of Volleyball for Girls at The Secondary Stage at The Directorate of Education in Irbid District

اتجاهات مديري المدارس نحو الإدارة الرقمية في ظل جائحة كورونا في لواء قصبة إربد

The current study aimed to identify government school principals' attitudes toward digital management in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to investigate differences in the degree of school principals’ attitudes toward digital management based on gender, educational qualification, and number of years of experience. The study sample included (187) principals who worked in the Directorate of Education of Irbid District in Irbid Governorate/Jordan during the first semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. To answer the research questions, the descriptive analytical approach was utilized. The results showed that school principals’ attitudes towards digital management in light of the COVID-19 were positive. The findings also revealed statistically significant variations in school principals’ attitudes toward digital management due to the gender variable favoring females and the degree variable favoring a PhD.

The reality of employing blended learning in achieving sustainable development in governmental secondary schools from the point of view of teachers of the Irbid district.

خلفية الدراسة ومشكلتها: تتمثل مشكلة الدراسة في التنمية المستدامة ضمن واقع التعليم المدمج وبيان العلاقة الارتباطية بينه ‏في المدارس الحكومية ‏ومستويات التنمية المستدامة لدى طلبتها كما يراها المعلمون. الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى دور توظيف التعليم المدمج في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة بمدارس المرحلة الثانوية الحكومية من وجهة نظر المعلمين للواء قصبة إربد. الطرق المستخدمة: اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لملاءمته لأغراض الدراسة. وتكوّنت عيّنة الدراسة من (395) معلمًا ومعلمة، اختيروا بالطريقة العشوائيّة البسيطة، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام الاستبانة التي تتكوّن من بعدين رئيسين، البعد الأول يتضمن (24) فقرة وُزّعت على ثلاثة مجالات رئيسة كالآتي: التنمية التعليمية وتضمنت (12) فقرة، التنمية الاجتماعية وتضمنت (6) فقرات، التنمية الاقتصادية (6) فقرات، البعد الثاني ويتضمن (12) فقرة وُزّعت على ثلاثة مجالات رئيسة كالآتي: التعليم الجيد ويتضمن (4) فقرات، التعليم المنصف للجميع (4) فقرات، والتعليم مدى الحياة ويتضمن (4) فقرات. النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنَّ واقع التعليم المدمج في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاء بدرجة ممارسة حسابي (3.85)، وبانحراف معياري (0.49)، وبنسبة (77 %)، بينما حصلت المجالات (1، 3، 4) على متوسطات حسابية بلغت بالترتيب (0.79، 0.78، 0.75) وانحراف معياري (0.51، 0.67، 0.51) ووزن نسبي (0.79، 0.78، 0.75)، وهي درجة كبيرة. الاستنتاجات (التوصيات والمساهمة): أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تبني المؤسسات التعليمية للتعليم المدمج كأحد الأساليب التعليمية، وعقد المؤتمرات والورش التدريبية حول التعليم المدمج والتنمية المستدامة للمعلمين، وأجراء المزيد من الدراسات حول تطبيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة في المؤسسات التعليمية. ن

Statistical Analysis of Language Problems in Students with Learning Disabilities in Irbid District

Statistical Analysis of Language Problems in Students with Learning Disabilities in Irbid District

The Role of Educational Development Councils in Supporting Distance Learning During the Corona Pandemic from the Point of View of School Principals in the Directorate of Education for the Qasaba Irbid District

The study aimed to identify the role of educational development councils in supporting distance learning during the Covid – 19 from the point of view of school principals in the directorate of education of the Kasbah of Irbid district. The study used the descriptive survey methodology. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the necessary data to answer the study questions. The questionnaire was applied to the study sample, which consisted of (145) principals. The results showed that the role of educational development councils in supporting students' distance learning during the Covid–19 in both technical role and social role was medium. There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) due to the effect of sex. There were no statistically significant differences at (α=0.05) due to the effect of experiences years in management, and there were statistically significant differences (α=0.05) due to the effect of school level.

Expressive and Receptive Language Problems among Students with Learning Disabilities at Irbid District

The study examined levels of receptive and expressive language among students with learning disabilities at Irbid District. The sample of the study included students with learning disabilities enrolled at resource rooms in the educational directorate of Irbid District in the second semester of the school year 2022/2023 totaling (241) male and female students (132 male, 109 female). The analytical descriptive design was employed. An instrument was developed and administrated which consisted of (25) items measuring receptive and expressive language difficulties. The results of the study indicated that level of receptive and expressive language difficulties among students with learning disabilities at Irbid District was high. There were no statistically significant differences (? = 0.05) due to gender in the two domains and the total score of receptive and expressive language difficulties. The study recommends the need for collaboration among educators and parents to consider the needs of learning disabilities students and that all training, material and moral resources should be provided to develop receptive and expressive language skills among students with learning disabilities.

A Pragmatic Study of the Speech Act of Threatening between Jordanian and American Speakers

This paper investigates the speech act of making threats among native speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA) and American English (AE). It explores new threat strategies used by Jordanian and American speakers and their pragmatic functions to construct an analytical framework for analyzing this act across cultures. The data for this study were collected using an open-ended questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of ten imaginary situations drawn from real life. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests (value <0.05) to determine whether the difference between the two groups for each threat strategy was statistically significant. The subjects of Jordanian Arabic included 40 male participants and 40 female participants from three universities in Irbid district while the American subjects included 15 male participants and 15 female participants from the University of Illinois in the United States. Five threat strategies were identified. Four of which were shared between the two groups: Telling Authority, Committing Harm, Introducing Options and Warning. However, Promise of Vague Consequence was confined to JA speakers. The study also found that JA speakers tended to be less direct than their AE counterparts.

The Negative Impact of Electrical Energy Subsidies on the Energy Consumption—Case Study from Jordan

Many developing countries subsidise energy (petroleum fuel products, natural gas and electricity), which was reflected in an extra pressure on the national budget, and this will support inefficient use of energy. In this study, the effects of electrical energy subsidies on the total electrical energy consumption in the residential sector were examined. Data on more than 260,000 Jordanian ordinary customers were collected, and the energy consumption of more than 1000 energy-extra subsidised Irbid District Electricity Distribution Company (IDECO) staff members was recorded over a 2-year period (2017 and 2018). These two groups were compared to examine the consequences of subsidising energy on the energy consumption and the consumption behaviour in the residential sector. The analysis revealed that ordinary householders consume around 296 kWh/month, while for the subsidised group 615 kWh/month was noted. Energy consumption increased during the summer and winter months, especially in the subsidised group, due to the heavy reliance on mechanical systems for cooling and heating. Electricity full price (without any subsidies) can be a very effective way to control the demand profile. It can be structured to encourage customers (generally those that have significant electricity demand) to reduce their total usage as well as peak demand (thus reducing the pressure on the grid and the power plant) by charging them full electricity prices.

Evaluating the effectiveness of using distance education from the point of view of the principals of public schools in the Directorate of Education – Irbid District

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم فاعلية استخدام التعليم عن بُعد من وجهة نظر مديري ومديرات المدارس الحكومية في مديرية التربية والتعليم -لواء قصبة إربد، واستخدمت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتمثلت الأداة في استبانةمن أربعة مجالات، تم توزيعها على عينة عشوائية طبقية بلغت (115) مديراً ومديرة، أظهرت النتائج أن تقييم مديري ومديرات المدارس لفاعلية التدريس في التعليم عن بُعد حصل على متوسط كلي (3.13 من 5) بدرجة فاعلية (متوسطة) وعلى مستوى المجالات؛ جاءت فاعلية التدريس بأعلى متوسط (3.26)، ثم الوسائل والتقنيات بمتوسط (3.19)، وثالثا التفاعلية بمتوسط (3.01)، وأخيرًا التقييم بمتوسط (2.88) وجميعها بتقييم فاعلية (متوسطة)، كما بينت نتائج الدراسة وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في تقديرات عينة الدراسة لفاعلية استخدام التعليم عن بُعد تُعزى لأثر الخبرة العملية وجاءت الفروق لصالح(5) سنوات فأقل في الوسائل والتقنيات، والتفاعلية، والدرجة الكلية وجاءت الفروق لصالح من (6-10) سنوات في التقييم، وتبعا لمستوى المدرسة لصالح المدارس الأساسية وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لأثر مكان المدرسة في جميع المجالات، واستنادا للنتائج قدمت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات لزيادة فاعلية استخدام التعليم عن بُعد في المدارس الحكومية في لواء قصبة إربد وعموم المملكة إضافة إلى مقترحات بدراسات مكملة في الموضوع.

Evaluating the Impact of the Influx of Syrian Refugees on Land Use/Land Cover Change in Irbid District, Northwestern Jordan

The refugee movement creates urban and environmental pressures at their destination locations. This pressure often presents in the form of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change. This study seeks to understand the impact of the Syrian refugees’ influence on changing the urban and agricultural land dynamics in Irbid district in northwestern Jordan from 1985 to 2021, including the period of the civil war in Syria, using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for the years 1985 and 2004, and the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the years 2013 and 2021. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to conduct all image processing and perform calculations and classification analysis using the Random Forest (RF) approach. The study of the classified images compared LULC before and during the Syrian crisis using images from 1985, 2004, 2013, and 2021. The results show that the urban area increased. In parallel, agricultural land increased. During the Syrian refugee crisis, agriculture became a significant livelihood activity for Syrian refugees. In summary, the movement of the refugees to Irbid district caused an increased demand for land and housing, which accelerated the building and construction process.

Optimization of Three-Phase Feeder Load Balancing Using Smart Meters

Power losses in distribution systems are among the most important performance indicators of electricity distribution companies’ economic operations. Therefore, the distribution system should be planned adequately to ensure working within permissible limits. Suppose that the actual losses are higher than the standard ones; the companies are economically penalized; otherwise, they obtain a profit. Continuous improvement for the grid is needed to keep the losses within reasonable limits. Companies invest in projects that are dedicated to reducing losses and keep them under control. Literature review states that load balancing is considered a critical issue in minimizing these losses. Feeder automation becomes much simple and more reliable due to the rapid penetration of artificial intelligence, smart grids, and telecommunication in the power system. This work shows that automated feeder reconfiguration is technically advantageous and economical for both customers and utilities. A case study from Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO) is presented. The losses are reduced by around 253 JDs/year by balancing the loads over a specific three-phase feeder using smart meters’ installation. A mathematical model for three-phase balancing is formulated using many heuristic techniques and an optimized neural network (ONN). These model integrations are established using CYME load flow software, MATLAB/Simulink, and C programming language.

Three-Phase Feeder Load Balancing Based Optimized Neural Network Using Smart Meters

The electricity distribution system is the coupling point between the utility and the end-user. Typically, these systems have unbalanced feeders due to the variety of customers’ behaviors. Some significant problems occur; the unbalanced loads increase the operational cost and system investment. In radial distribution systems, swapping loads between the three phases is the most effective method for phase balancing. It is performed manually and subjected to load flow equations, capacity, and voltage constraints. Recently, due to smart grids and automated networks, dynamic phase balancing received more attention, thus swapping the loads between the three phases automatically when unbalance exceeds permissible limits by using a remote-controlled phase switch selector/controller. Automatic feeder reconfiguration and phase balancing eliminates the service interruption, enhances energy restoration, and minimize losses. In this paper, a case study from the Irbid district electricity company (IDECO) is presented. Optimal reconfiguration of phase balancing using three techniques: feed-forward back-propagation neural network (FFBPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and a hybrid are proposed to control the switching sequence for each connected load. The comparison shows that the hybrid technique yields the best performance. This work is simulated using MATLAB and C programming language.

Effectiveness of employing programmed education using the computer in teaching Arabic for the first three grades from the point of view of their teachers in the Irbid Province: فاعلية توظيف التعليم المبرمج باستخدام الحاسوب في تعليم اللغة العربية للصفوف الثلاثة الأولى من وجهة نظر معلميهم في لواء قصبة إربد

The current study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of employing programmed education using the computer in teaching Arabic for the first three grades from the point of view of their teachers in the Irbid Province, the study was applied in the first semester of 2020/2021 AD, and the descriptive survey approach was used. Of the Arabic language teachers for the first three grades in public schools in the Irbid District, and the study sample consisted of (181) teachers who were chosen by the simple random method, and the study concluded the following results that the arithmetic averages of the items of the effectiveness of the use of programmed education using the computer in teaching the Arabic language It ranged between (3.112- 4.200) with Medium degree of approval, and there were no differences in the estimates of the sample members on the averages of the tool as a whole according to the variable of sex. Using the programmed learning method in teaching the Arabic language. Count them on that.

A Discourse Analysis Study of Graffiti at Secondary Schools in Jordan

This research aims to explore the thematic meanings of graffiti written on the walls and desks at secondary public schools in the Directorate of Education for the Qasabat Irbid District during the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021. The data comprise 207 written graffiti taken from different locations. Braun and Clarke's (2006) Thematic Analysis and Fairclough's (1995) Critical Discourse Analysis are adopted to account for the data thematically and linguistically. The findings of the study show that the qualitative and quantitative data fall into three main discourse themes: Religious, Political, and Emotional. Each one has been classified into subcategories accordingly. The results also show that the highest percentage of the discourse theme domains is related to the emotional one which constitutes the half of data. The lexical features indicate that the language of the graffiti is simple. Yet, it presents a complete thought. Languages and language variations are also identified.

Development and Validation of the Mathematics Test for Tenth Grade Jordanian Students, According to the Partial Credit Model

The study aimed at developing and validating the mathematics test for 10th –grade students according to the Rasch partial credit model (PCM) by using the descriptive approach as it is appropriate for the study aims. To achieve the study's objective, what constructed the essay type test consisted of 25 items based on the (IRT) according to the Rasch PCM. what conducted the first administration of the test to verify the validity and reliability of the test. To verify the "face validity" of the test's objectives, they were presented to a group of 12 arbitrators who work as teachers and educational supervisors. They found that the contents are representative of the level of the goal, which is pursuing in theory. The empirical reliability was calculated for the test, where the value of person reliability reached 0.91. Moreover, the items reached 0.93. The study population consisted of all 10th-grade students at the schools belonging to the “Directorate of Education of Irbid District,” whose numbers were 7365, represented by 3612 male students, and 3753 female students. According to the class regarding their sex (gender), a sample according to a cluster as the test unit was the class section. The sample size of the study was 250 male and female students. According to the PCM, this study's findings have brought several issues concerning the mathematics subject achievement by verifying the tests and reliability and accomplishing the IRT's suppositions.

Human resources staffing process and its impact on job involvement: Irbid District Electricity Company as a case study

The study aimed to identify the level of practicing the human resources staffing process and the level of the employees’ job involvement in the Irbid District Electricity Company in Jordan; it also aimed to examine the impact of human resources staffing process on the employees’ job involvement. The study adopted the descriptive, analytical method, since it determines the characteristics of the phenomenon, describes its nature accurately and then determines the quality of the relationship between its variables. The study population included all the individuals in the senior and middle administrative levels by 100 individuals. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers prepared a questionnaire to examine the study variables. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to each manager, deputy manager, and department head in the Irbid District Electricity Company out of which the researchers retrieved 97 questionnaires valid for analysis. In order to analyze the data collected, the study relies on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where the descriptive statistics for all the fields of the study were estimated. The correlation matrix was also used to determine the relationship between variables. Furthermore, multiple regressions were used to determine the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings showed that the level of practicing the human resources staffing process and the employees’ job involvement at Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO) was moderate. The findings of the study showed that the process of human resources staffing was positively associated with the job involvement where the Pearson coefficient was r= .851 and at level of significance of 0.00. The research data have also indicated that the human resources staffing process had a positive impact on the employees’ job involvement. The study recommended that the procedures of staffing in all organizations should focus on achieving the fit between the employee and his job through focusing on choosing employees whose knowledge, skills and abilities correspond to the requirements of vacant jobs and also through implementing different tests and selection interviews, which help choose the person whose traits fit the job requirements. The study has also indicated that the recommended organizations should also pay attention to the job design process where the focus is on designing jobs in a way that creates a challenge, and enables employees feel independence and joy during the job; in this method, the employee can be more involved and can work in an effective way.

Do it Right: Appropriate Ways for Teachers to Treat and React to Aggressive Children in Jordanian Kindergartens

This study explored the types and causes of aggression and the ways teachers treat and react to aggressive children in Jordanian kindergartens in the Irbid district. The sample consisted of the first 20 teachers who responded to the letter of participation sent to them. Data on the causes and types of aggression and prevention strategies were collected by descriptive qualitative design, with semi-structured open-ended interviews, as well as observation of Jordanian kindergarten teachers. The results of the study revealed three themes: factors that shape aggression, sanctions rather than punishment and social learning and culture. Also, the results indicated that social learning through positive modelling was mostly needed to help aggressive and disruptive students and change their behaviour. In light of the results, further research utilizing quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve broader understanding of aggression in pre-school settings is recommended.

Do it Right: Appropriate Ways for Teachers to Treat and React to Aggressive Children in Jordanian Kindergartens

This study explored the types and causes of aggression and the ways teachers treat and react to aggressive children in Jordanian kindergartens in the Irbid district. The sample consisted of the first 20 teachers who responded to the letter of participation sent to them. Data on the causes and types of aggression and prevention strategies were collected by descriptive qualitative design, with semi-structured open-ended interviews, as well as observation of Jordanian kindergarten teachers. The results of the study revealed three themes: factors that shape aggression, sanctions rather than punishment and social learning and culture. Also, the results indicated that social learning through positive modelling was mostly needed to help aggressive and disruptive students and change their behaviour. In light of the results, further research utilizing quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve broader understanding of aggression in pre-school settings is recommended.

Beyond empowering your workforce: learning organisation and employee empowerment - the case of Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO)

Beyond empowering your workforce: learning organisation and employee empowerment - the case of Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO)

Beyond Empowering Your Work Force: Learning Organization and Employee Empowerment The case of Irbid District Electricity Company (IDECO)

This research focuses on the impact of learning organisation on employee empowerment. Learning organisation, in this research, is measured by two building blocks: leadership that reinforces learning, and supportive learning environment (Garvin et al., 2008). These research hypotheses are tested using survey data from 160 knowledge workers at Irbid District Electricity Company in Northern Jordan. Results indicated that there is a significant impact of Leadership that reinforces learning, and Supportive learning environment on employee empowerment. The paper concludes with directions for future research and application.