Iranian Woman Research Articles

Acute kidney injury following autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to simultaneous use of ciprofloxacin and hydrochlorothiazide: A case report and review of the literature

AbstractIntroductionRare cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA) associated with using ciprofloxacin or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone have been reported before. However, simultaneous use of both drugs could lead to a severe clinical condition. This study presents the combination of acute kidney injury (AKI) and AHA following the simultaneous use of ciprofloxacin and HCTZ for three days.Case DescriptionA 42‐year‐old Iranian woman presented to the emergency department with symptoms of fatigue, lethargy, nausea and vomiting, ataxia, oliguria, dark urine, and jaundice. The patient reported using HCTZ due to high blood pressure and ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection three days before presentation. Early laboratory findings revealed hemolytic anemia with a hemoglobin of 7 g/dl, the strongly positive direct and indirect Coombs test, high level of lactate dehydrogenase (820 IU/L), and hyperbilirubinemia (total: 3 mg/dL and direct: 1.2 mg/dL). Furthermore, hyperkalemia (5.2 mEq/L), hyperphosphatemia (6.2 mg/dL), high levels of BUN (100 mg/dL), and creatinine rise (6.8 mg/dL) were found. Urine analysis showed 2+ blood, 4‐6 red blood cells, and cola‐colored urine. Based on the findings, drug‐induced AHA, followed by AKI, was diagnosed. Following, the drugs were stopped and steroid therapy was initiated. The patient underwent four sessions of hemodialysis to improve the AKI.ConclusionHealthcare providers should be aware of the life‐threatening adverse effects of commonly used drugs such as ciprofloxacin or HCTZ. The timely diagnosis of the offending drugs leads to avoiding the persistence of the risk factor and the deterioration of the patient's clinical condition.

The Effects of Marriage and Divorce on Women's Nationality in the Iranian Law

As the first and foremost social institution, the family significantly impacts its immediate larger society. Also, the importance of family as a key figure in a healthy society and the necessity of strong relations between spouses make it imperative to devise the required legal devices. As women are prone to suffer and receive more damage in cases of family breakdown, the legislator should develop and establish more protective statutes concerning women's rights. This study uses legal research methods with a qualitative approach. To protect Iranian women's rights, the legislator distinguishes cases where an Iranian woman marries a foreign man and those where Iranian men marry foreign women. In the former case, the wife's change, or retention, of nationality is subject to the laws of the husband’s State. In contrast, in the latter case, the legislator enforces the unity of nationality principle. Marriage between Iranian women and foreign men causes women to experience many changes and limitations regarding their national and inheritance rights. Also, they may lose their Iranian nationality due to their marriage —in cases when the husband’s nationality, due to the law of the husband's State, is forced upon the wife. On the other hand, foreign women married to Iranian men, though forced to accept Iranian nationality, encounter fewer limitations resulting from marriage. Upon Divorce, they are neither forced to accept a nationality, unlike when marriage is celebrated, nor denied their Iranian nationality. They can choose whether to remain an Iranian national or recover their original nationality.

“Becoming Visible”: Civil Society of Modern Iran in the Focus of Gender Discussion

In this study the author examines the main stages and social characteristics of the women's rights movement in republican Iran, which has generated an active controversy between the authorities and the society over the last three decades. This polemic disagreement was triggered by the legal status of the Iranian woman enshrined in the Constitution. Human rights activists with significant religious and social status, insisting on the right of Muslim women to be represented in the highest echelons of state power, were the first to join the debate. At the turn of the 1990s and 2000s, this initiative was taken up by secular activists advocating civil and individual rights for Iranian women. All have made extensive use of a specialised, women-oriented press and, since the early 2000s, the Internet and social media, as well as NPOs/NGOs existing in different regions of the country, in their struggle. Acting along the same lines of the women's rights movement, secular and religious activists represent autonomous segments of civil society. The content of the print and electronic media, television programmes and literary works, used for the first time as a source for the study, forms the basis of the research.

Migratory Violets

Migratory Violets Sepideh Zamani (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution An Iranian woman living in the US seeks to understand the meaning of home on a journey to Egypt to visit the burial place of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, the Iranian king respected for his religious tolerance but forced into exile for the same. [End Page 30] Ca n someone in exile ever find home again? Early in 2022, I asked myself that question as I flew from my adopted home in Washington, DC, to visit the tomb of the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was exiled to Egypt during the Iranian Revolution. He was a man my father greatly respected because he gave religious minorities, like us, the chance to live like anyone else. The 1979 revolution would change that, forcing the Shah of Iran and many minorities into exile. When it seemed that everyone had turned their backs on him, President Anwar Sadat invited the Shah to live in Cairo. President Sadat had made it clear to Mohammad Reza that he was not a guest but that Egypt would be his home. Iranians believe that to truly understand someone, you must know their friends. So, I was on my way to Cairo. I was five years old when the Iranian Revolution began, which would reshape the country of my birth. Despite the difficulties created for my family, my father stayed in Iran. He believed that a person who moved away from home once would never find home again. Sometimes I wonder if, staying in Iran, he was ever able to experience the kinds of happy moments I remember from before the revolution. Like the summer of 1978, when we traveled to Persepolis and Shiraz, the land of Cyrus the Great, in his cherry-red Paykan. We spent every other weekend at the beach where the tall, green Alborz Mountains met the Caspian Sea and deep blue sky. During the week, rain or shine, my dad helped my grandfather in his rice paddy while my mom, my older brother, and I walked through the fields surrounded by the smell of the rice seedlings growing in hot, humid air, picking tangy fruit from the wild pomegranate trees and sweet raspberries from the bushes. All I have of that life now in Washington, DC, is a few black-and-white photographs that I brought with me. Because I know the dangers of a postrevolution country firsthand, I can't deny that I was nervous about traveling in Egypt only a decade after their own uprising. It was almost 9:00 p.m. when the plane landed at Cairo International Airport. After getting through customs, I took a taxi to my hotel downtown. The driver started a conversation and asked me where I was from. When I answered, he looked at me in the rearview mirror. "But you do not look American," he said. I knew what he meant. If I had been traveling in Europe, I would have ignored his opinion. But I knew, from my experience with revolution, that any taxi driver could be working with the government for security purposes. Now here in Egypt, it was safer to answer the question. "I am Iranian in exile," I said reluctantly. "You came to visit the tomb of the Shah?" he asked, looking at me again. "Yes," I said. "Welcome home, sister," he said. Hearing that melted my tension away. Still, I asked myself why he would welcome me home. When he saw my confusion, he continued: "When you've buried someone you love and respect from your country in another land, that land becomes your home." I was exhausted from the flight, so I avoided his gaze and looked out the window to end the conversation. The city looked dark and gloomy, and the heavy smell of vehicle exhaust filled the air. Trash cans full of garbage, half-demolished buildings, abandoned apartments, and endless advertising billboards on both sides of the streets were all signs to me of economic crisis. An hour later, in my room, before even looking at the view, I stretched my legs out on the bed and fell asleep thinking about where to...

The effects of marriage and divorce on women's nationality in Iranian law

Family as the first and foremost social institution greatly impacts its immediate larger society. Also the importance of family as a key figure in a healthy society, and the necessity of strong relations between spouses make it imperative to devise required legal devices. As women are prone to suffer and receive more damage in cases of family breakdown, the legislator should develop and establish more protective statutes in respect to the rights of women. In order to protect the rights of Iranian women, the legislator makes a distinction between the cases where an Iranian woman marries a foreign man, and those where Iranian men marry foreign women. In the former case, wife's change, or retention, of nationality is subject to the laws of the husband’s State while in the latter case the legislator enforces the unity of nationality principle. Marriage between Iranian women and foreign men causes women to experience a number of changes and limitations in terms of their national and inheritance rights. Also they may lose their Iranian nationality as a consequence of their marriage —in cases when the husband’s nationality, due to the law of the husband's State, is forced upon wife. On the other hand, foreign women married to Iranian men, though being forced to accept Iranian nationality, encounter less limitations resulting from marriage. Upon divorce, they are neither forced to accept a nationality, in contrast to the time when marriage is celebrated, nor denied their Iranian nationality. Thereby, they can choose whether to remain an Iranian national or recover their original nationality.

Introduction

Introduction

Presumed Bietti crystalline dystrophy with optic nerve head drusen: a case report

BackgroundBietti crystalline dystrophy is primarily a retinal dystrophy caused by a CYP4V2 mutation and typically presents with crystalline retinal deposits in the posterior fundus.Case presentationWe present the case of an otherwise healthy 39-year-old Iranian woman with no family history of ocular disease who suffered with progressive vision loss that had started 2 years prior to presentation. Ocular examination revealed blurry optic nerve head margin and diffuse retinal crystalline deposit in both eyes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography images showed retinal crystals, located mostly in outer retinal layers, with some areas of outer retinal tubulation and attenuation of outer retinal layers. Crystalline deposits were better visualized on near-infrared images as hyperreflective spots. Fundus autofluorescence images showed hyperautofluorescence areas on optic nerve head consistent with optic nerve head drusen and large hypoautofluorescence areas in posterior retina consistent with retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. Cystinosis was ruled out by blood testing.ConclusionBietti crystalline dystrophy may be associated with optic nerve head drusen.

Macular telangiectasia with bilateral obliterated capillaries: a case report

BackgroundWe report an otherwise healthy adult with macular telangiectasia with aneurysms, ischemia, and obliterated capillaries in both eyes.MethodsThis is a case report with a brief literature review.Case presentationA 58-year-old Iranian woman presented with a gradual decrease in vision, with recent deterioration. Past medical history was unremarkable, and best-corrected visual acuity was 3/10 in both eyes. Multimodal imaging including fundus photo, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography was carried out. In macula of both eyes, parafoveal telangiectasia, occluded vessels, capillary dropouts, and aneurysms were observed. While there were a dense circinate exudation and edema in the macula of the right eye and a thin and disorganized inner retinal layer in the left eye, the outer retina was intact in both eyes. En face optical coherence tomography angiography revealed capillary blunting and rarefaction in both superficial and deep capillary plexuses of retina.ConclusionOur case most probably represents a case of type 3 macular telangiectasia in the absence of any systemic association.

Understanding the Evolutions of Iranian Women’s Identity

The living and social nature of women has always been questioned by traditional and modern political systems, forces and social currents, from both religious and secular sides. To explain this subject methodically, the problem of research can be made more comprehensible by formulating the concept of "Living Shi’ism", which is considered as a manifestation of collective unconsciousness and the context of political and social action. The main question of the article is what the role, weight and influence of Living Shi’ism ideas are in the processes of shaping women's political and social behaviors in contemporary Iranian history? Living Shi’ism in Iran is not entirely Shiite, but it borrowed concepts and received influences as a result of interaction and intellectual contact with intellectual currents and ideologies. Findings showed the process of political and social identification of Iranian women is influenced by a set of thinking styles and patterns based on Shiite teachings or alienation and borrowing from new intellectual currents making any socio-political status conditional on their acceptance and reform. Patterns such as modern Iranian woman, Shiite autocratic woman, left feminist woman, armed Mujahid woman, housewife with hijab, Religious Modern woman and the emergence of dual hijab /veil and woman with hijab /chaste woman are examples of empathy or women's encounter with Living Shi’ism in different periods of Iranian contemporary history. Hence social structures such as unveiling, forced hijab, the transformation of hijab from a religious to political matter, and the formation of foregoing currents are not sudden, but a gradual process of women's biological interaction with Iranian society.

Fusarium proliferatum-induced chronic lip ulcer: successful treatment with itraconazole: a case report

BackgroundFusarium species are saprophytic fungi with a worldwide distribution. These fungi cause various infections among immunocompromised patients; however, they can also involve immunocompetent individuals.Case presentationWe report a case of a 41-year-old Iranian woman who presented with ulcerative lesions on her lips 10 months ago. She had a long history of anxiety but had no history of classical risk factors such as trauma, cosmetic lip tattoo, burning in her lips, smoking or use of alcohol and opium. A skin biopsy from the lower lip was performed and sent for microbiological examinations. Hyaline septate hyphae were seen on direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide. The clinical specimen was subcultured on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and prepared for antifungal susceptibility testing and molecular identification. Considering the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for antifungals, itraconazole (100 mg orally twice a day) was started for her, and after 2 months, the lesions were treated. She followed up for 3 months, and no signs of disease recurrence were observed.ConclusionsSelecting an appropriate treatment strategy according to the laboratory assessments is essential in clinical practice and the management of rare infections to prevent related mortality and morbidity of opportunistic fungal infections.

Transnational Iranian poetics of resistance: the Green Movement and Iranian women’s agency in Sepideh Farsi’s Red Rose (2014)

ABSTRACT Mobilizing Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s concept of “becoming-revolutionary,” this article aims to address the relative absence of film studies scholarship on Iranian diasporic women’s cinema and transnational Iranian poetics of resistance. More specifically, it examines the role of female agency during Iran’s 2009 Green Movement in Sepideh Farsi’s, arguing that Farsi’s portrayal of a young Iranian woman’s progressive politics and sexual emancipation foregrounds connections between Iranian national and diasporic politics and poetics of female resistance. Formally, the film interweaves videos of the Green Movement made by anonymous protesters with intimate fictional narrative, allowing the two modes of storytelling to coalesce in their use of politicized bodies resisting the hegemonic ideological discourses of the state. I argue that the film’s textual hybridity emphasizes the role of “raw” protesters’ footage as an example of “minor” video, in the Deleuzian-Guattarian sense, in an effort to encompass and preserve the fragmented yet assertive voices of the Iranian civil rights movement and struggle for democracy.

Society, segregation and freedom: The transformation of the female image in Iranian cinema

Talking about the figure of women in Iranian cinema during the post-revolutionary era is controversial, due to the factors that have influenced its appearance and its tense relationship with the norms imposed by the Islamic theocracy; In this sense, this feminine semblance goes beyond the arts, since the restrictions or censorship towards them would not begin there, but rather the fact in question stems from a restrictive and confessional regimentation of public life, which in the case of the cinema, it would even have an impact on the private orbit. To understand the process of women in Iranian cinematography, it is convenient to go back many years, when the woman in the image had completely different roles than those that the Islamic Republic now wanted to encourage, given that the role of the female gender during the Pahlavi monarchy contradicted Iranian values, not only from the perspective of Islam, but also from traditional ones. In accordance with the previous description of the historical transition, during the conformation, consolidation and acceptance —by authorities and the Iranian society itself—.Women in cinema through the years continues in constant transition, which refuses to forget what an Iranian woman has lived through during the several processes constants of transformation by a society that adheres to the norms and laws that the sharia law allows, but that in turn, with the creativity that many filmmakers (today many more women in the profession) have managed to mitigate different views about of women in society.

An Exceptional Occurrence of Uterus Mullerian Adenosarcoma in a Young Iranian Woman

An Exceptional Occurrence of Uterus Mullerian Adenosarcoma in a Young Iranian Woman

#BlueGirl: A study of collective trauma on Twitter.

Collective trauma is the outcome of traumatic incidents that necessitate collective self-reflection and create a need for public discourse. Access to social media allows individuals to shape event coverage beyond what is put forth by mainstream media through hashtag-based communities. The death of Sahar Khodayari, or "Blue Girl," an Iranian woman who committed suicide after being sentenced to prison for appearing in a sports stadium dressed as a man, is one such event that became a collective trauma. The current study sought to examine the collective trauma reaction among Farsi-speaking Twitter users in response to Khodayari's death as represented in public tweets. The overall pool of data consisted of 8,653 tweets containing at least one of four hashtags (i.e., #BlueGirl, #Blue_Girl,, # #), posted September 9-24, 2019, as well as 603 tweets posted on the anniversary of the event 1 year later. Using thematic analysis, we identified three main themes within these public tweets representing different responses to Khodayari's death: social justice, awareness, and process. In undemocratic countries, like Iran, where there are limited free physical spaces for public gatherings, social media provides a platform for people to come together after tragic events to express emotions and discuss thoughts and actions. The present findings demonstrate that Twitter allowed Farsi-speaking users to demand social justice, share awareness about #BlueGirl, and process their emotions and thoughts accordingly. Therefore, social media may provide a window into the collective trauma experience, and it may also serve as a new mode of studying trauma on new platforms.

Hypoglycemic unawareness: challenges, triggers, and recommendations in patients with hypoglycemic unawareness: a case report

BackgroundHypoglycemia is a fairly common complication in diabetic patients, particularly in those on insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia symptoms are classified into two types: autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms. If a person develops neuroglycopenic symptoms before the appearance of autonomic symptoms or is asymptomatic until blood sugar levels are very low, the patient will develop hypoglycemic unawareness (HU).Case presentationA 25-year-old Iranian woman with HU presented with a severe hypoglycemic episode. This episode was characterized by loss of consciousness and focal neural deficits, which were unusual symptoms in the patient, who was a medical intern with type 1 diabetes and currently being treated with regular and NPH insulin.ConclusionsHypoglycemia is a common complication in diabetic patients receiving oral or insulin therapy. A patient who is unaware of their condition may experience severe and potentially fatal episodes. These incidents can negatively affect their daily lives as well as their careers and jobs. Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure is a possible cause for patients with multiple episodes of severe hypoglycemia. IThe use of a continuous glucose monitoring device with an alarm, if available, can be an excellent option for these patients.

To Be or Not to Be [Grateful]: Epistemologies of Belonging to a “Host-Home”

I approach life writing as one of the most prominent forms of microhistory narratives which questions the grand narratives of history produced internationally and locally. Focusing on a transnational Iranian background woman writer, I argue that lived-experience narratives, despite their contradictions and the politics of publication, which has placed them into the category of “misery narratives”, are still epistemically value-laden and they need to be carefully and empathetically read. I draw on feminist phenomenology and use an intersectional methodology to study Dina Nayeri’s Refuge (2017) and her autobiographical article “The Ungrateful Refugee”, which mostly reflect on the experiences of border crossing and home making in relation to asylum seekers as marginalized identities. Focusing on multiple voices in this memoir, I show how asylum seekers coming from different social locations practise homemaking and create a sense of belonging to “home” in a host country that is not very hospitable towards them. I study the intersections of homeland, identity and politics, using life writing as an epistemology which sheds light on the questions of belonging.

Adrenal hemorrhage following direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) therapy: two case reports and literature review

BackgroundAdrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a rare condition that can result in a life-threatening medical emergency. This medical condition could be caused by several underlying factors, one of which is the use of anticoagulants. As far as we are aware, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents are a rare but possible cause of AH.Case presentationHerein, we described two cases of AH due to DOACs. The first case was a 35-year-old Iranian woman with a past medical history of Hashimoto thyroiditis who was being treated with apixaban due to the previous thrombosis. Her first symptoms of AH (November 2021) were strangely similar to symptoms of autoimmune Addison disease (AAD) which led to a confirmed diagnosis of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2). An abdominal MRI revealed an oval shape well-encapsulated cystic mass with a diameter of 20 × 14 mm with a thick and low signal intensity rim in the left adrenal gland, highly suggestive of sub-acute left-sided AH. Our second case was an 89-year-old Iranian woman who had been admitted to the hospital (August 2021) with low blood pressure and disorientation. At the beginning of her admission, the evaluation showed hyponatremia, and further evaluations confirmed adrenal insufficiency (AI). The patient reported rivaroxaban usage for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis after femur fixation surgery. Her abdominal CT scans showed bilateral adrenal masses highly suggestive of AH. Her follow-up examination showed persistent AI after three months.ConclusionGiven the history of our cases, physicians should be aware of AH in patients receiving DOACs, particularly in elderly patients who are at high risk of bleeding. It is also worth noting that AH can occur in any patient with any medical history and history of DOAC use, which is why patients must be closely monitored.

An Exceptional Occurrence of Uterus Mullerian Adenosarcoma in a Young Iranian Woman

An Exceptional Occurrence of Uterus Mullerian Adenosarcoma in a Young Iranian Woman

Kikuchi Disease in Elderly: Report of a Rare Disease in an Unusual Age

Kikuchi disease is a benign, self-limited, and rare condition presented mainly by lymphadenopathy and fever. Kikuchi disease is more common in women, especially women under 40. We report a 63-year-old Iranian woman presenting with long-term fever, constitutional symptoms, and cervical lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy was done for her, and the diagnosis of Kikuchi disease was confirmed. Kikuchi disease is a self-limited condition with a good prognosis that can resolve with no specific treatment within a few weeks. Still, some patients are at risk of recurrence and development of SLE and Lymphoma. Our patient was treated with a low dose of glucocorticoids. On 6 month follow-up, she had no signs and symptoms of recurrence and no evidence of SLE development. The interesting point of this case is the clinical picture and her age of presentation.

A case of extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma presenting as rhinorrhea and blindness

Extra-nodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma (EN-NK/T) is a highly uncommon, aggressive, mature T or NK-cell lymphoma with a high fatality rate. It has a propensity for infiltrating tissues and spreading to the eye. EN-NK/T-NT is marked by polymorphic clinical characteristics, which can make diagnosis difficult and cause delayed management. This report details a 63-year-old Iranian woman who presented initially with left ocular involvement of unknown cause. Ethmoidal sinusitis, upper nasal obstruction, right proptosis, dacryocystitis, and pulmonary nodules developed later as her disease progressed. Biopsies of the orbit, ethmoidal sinus, and pulmonary nodules were significant for EN-NK/T cell lymphoma. The patient developed and was treated for Covid-19. Due to the progressive lymphoma, chemotherapy was initiated after recovery from Covid-19. After starting the first course of chemotherapy, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly with the possibility of pulmonary embolism, and she expired inAugust, 2021 2021. This case highlights the diagnostic difficulty of EN-NK/T cell lymphoma and demonstrates its rarity and ability to mimic other diseases.