Iranian Perspective Research Articles

Measuring e-shopping intention: An Iranian perspective

β β β = 0.275, P < 0.05). Perceived e-ease of use had positive effect on e-attitude (β β β β = 0.453, P < 0.05) and e-shopping intention (β = 0.465, P < 0.05). Results revealed that e-attitude had positive effect on e-shopping intention (β = 0.396, P < 0.05). Analysis showed that perceived e-risk had no effect on the e-attitude and e-shopping intention. Findings also showed that perceived e-ease of use had the biggest direct, indirect, and total effects on the e-shopping intention.

Research Article: Participation of patients with chronic illness in nursing care: An Iranian perspective

The increasing number of chronically ill people has served as an impetus for the promotion of patient participation in nursing care. However, little is known about patient participation in Iran. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that are relevant to patient participation and the nature of that participation, as experienced by chronically ill patients and registered nurses in Iran. Grounded theory was used as the method. Twenty-two participants were recruited by using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were generated by semistructured interviews and participant observations. Constant comparison was used for the data analysis. This study indicated that participation is an interactive process between nurses, patients, and family members in the caregiving context. Participation occurred when the caring agents worked together. The core category of "convergence of the caring agents" emerged. The subcategories emerged as the levels of participation and included "adhering", "involving", "sharing", and "true participation". The factors related to the caring agents and caregiving context could be considered as predictors of the level of participation when caring for these patients.

The experience of puberty in adolescent boys: an Iranian perspective

The process of puberty is a normal physiological event for adolescents. Studies show that there is not enough knowledge about boys' puberty experiences. In spite of physiological similarities of puberty characteristics in different societies, social, cultural and religious factors have an important influence on puberty process. To begin to explore the experiences of adolescents and parents about puberty within the Iranian cultural context. Qualitative research was adopted using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 16 adolescent boys (13-17 years old) and 12 parents. All studies were transcribed verbatim and analysed. The analysis of the transcripts showed four main themes including shame and embarrassment, anxiety, transition, puberty orientation and management. Development of knowledge about puberty issues is important; additionally meeting health and educational needs of this transient period is one of the main priorities of the healthcare system and society. Knowledge of puberty is important for nurses and counsellors who work with adolescents for planning primary prevention programmes related to sexual health education and adolescent mental health. Boy's embarrassment about describing puberty changes was a hindrance to their full engagement in the interviews; therefore in some situations the interviews were not as deep as was wished. This limitation is related to the subject itself, not the method used for data gathering.

The empowerment process in people with diabetes: an Iranian perspective

Empowerment and power are well-researched concepts concerning people with chronic diseases. However, few researchers have focused specifically on the process of empowerment in Iranian people with diabetes. Understanding the empowerment process could help health professionals facilitate empowerment. To explore the empowerment process in Iranian people with diabetes. A grounded theory research design was used incorporating in-depth interviews to collect the data from men and women aged 21-73 years (n = 16). Data were collected between February and July 2007. Constant comparative analysis was undertaken to identify key categories. Participants indicated being embarrassed by the diagnosis, thirsting to learn, living in the shadow of fear, accepting diabetes as reality, managing diabetes and feeling empowered were distinct but interconnected phases in the empowerment process. The empowerment process was influenced by cultural and religious beliefs including the concept of the doctor as holy man, accepting diabetes as God's will, caring for the body because it was God's gift, paying attention to symptomatic disease, and support from peers and family, especially daughters. The empowerment process consists of several distinct but interconnected phases. The findings will help health professionals develop a deeper understanding of how Iranian people with diabetes become empowered.

Educating Doctors About Breaking Bad News: An Iranian Perspective

The breaking of bad news is a frequent and well recognized task that is performed by a variety of health professionals including medical doctors. In this article, we explore both how this topic is dealt with in medical education in Iran and also consider how this aspect of the curriculum might be enriched in the future. This article is based on research, which was undertaken using a purposively selected sample of medical course planners in Iran. Semistructured interviews were conducted with each of 10 carefully selected participants. Their interview responses were analyzed in such a way as to provide an in-depth exploration and interpretation of both their perceptions and experiences in relation to this sensitive and highly important topic. Four major themes emerged from the analysis of the interview transcripts: medical paternalism, religion, training issues, and professional barriers. On the basis of this analysis, there appears to be an urgent need for integrating more emphasis on techniques for breaking bad news into the Iranian medical education curriculum. This curriculum could in the future place more emphasis on addressing specific religious issues, which are unique to the local culture. A number of other specific recommendations are formulated and discussed.

Communication media and globalization: an Iranian perspective

Communication media and globalization: an Iranian perspective

An Iranian Perspective on Patients' Rights

The aim of this phenomenological research study carried out in Iran was to capture the meaning of patients' rights from the lived experiences of patients and their companions. To achieve this, 12 semistructured interviews were conducted during 2005 in a teaching hospital in Tehran with patients and/or their companions. In addition, extensive field notes were compiled during the interviews. The data were analyzed using Benner's thematic analysis. The themes captured were classified into three main categories, with certain themes identified within each category. The categories were: (1) the concept of patients' rights; (2) barriers to patients' rights; and (3) facilitators of patients' rights. The distinctive themes within each of the categories were identified as: (1a) receiving real care, (1b) focus on the patient, and (1c) equality and accessibility; (2a) dissatisfaction with caregivers, and (2b) specific work environment limitations; (3a) the patient's companion, (3b) a responsible system, and (3c) the public's awareness of rights. Although certain themes identified closely resemble those identified in international patients' bills of rights, the current study focused on themes that are particularly relevant to the Iranian sociocultural context.

Evaluating teaching effectiveness in nursing education:An Iranian perspective

BackgroundThe main objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of Iranian nurse educators and students regarding the evaluation of teaching effectiveness in university-based programs.MethodsAn exploratory descriptive design was employed. 143 nurse educators in nursing faculties from the three universities in Tehran, 40 undergraduate, and 30 graduate students from Tehran University composed the study sample. In addition, deans from the three nursing faculties were interviewed. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to determine the perceptions of both faculty and students about evaluating the teaching effectiveness of nurse educators, and an interview guide was employed to elicit the views of deans of faculties of nursing regarding evaluation policies and procedures. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistics to identify similarities and differences in perceptions within the Iranian nurse educator group and the student group, and between these two groups of respondents.ResultsWhile faculty evaluation has always been a major part of university based nursing programs, faculty evaluation must be approached more analytically, objectively, and comprehensively to ensure that all nursing educators receive the fairest treatment possible and that the teaching-learning process is enhanced.ConclusionEducators and students stressed that systematic and continuous evaluation as well as staff development should be the primary goals for the faculty evaluation process. The ultimate goals is the improvement of teaching by nurse educators.

Security in the Persian Gulf: Origins, Obstacles, and the Search for Consensus

The Historical Pattern of Gulf Security J.E.Peterson The Gulf's Ethnic Diversity: An Evolutionary History M.Izady The Erosion of Consensus: Perceptions of GCC States of a Changing Region I.A.Karawan The Regional Security System in the Persian Gulf S.Lotfian On the Persian Gulf Islands: An Iranian Perspective J.Roshandel The Islands Question: An Arabian Perspective H.Al-Alkim The Islands Dispute: A Commentary R.Schofield The New Generation in Saudi Arabia: Cultural Change, Political Identity, and Regime Security M.Yamani The Coming Generation in Iran: Challenges and Opportunities H.Semati Mutual Realities, Perceptions and Impediments Between the GCC States and Iran: GCC Views A.K.Al-Shayji Looking for Deliverance: Iraq and the Gulf R.Alkadiri Mutual Perceptions in the Persian Gulf Region: An Iranian Perspective B.Khajehpour-Khouei

The changing perception of Iran towards the Gulf States

The victory of the liberal faction in the May 1997 presidential election and the February‐May 2000 Majlis elections has indicated a perceptible change in the political culture of Iran. These elections have clearly shown that the liberals are gaining ground. The change in domestic politics is bound to affect the foreign policy too. Khatami, as an agent of change, has adopted detente policy. Khatami's rapprochement policy is hailed by the entire world and especially by the Gulf States. He is successful in convincing the Gulf States that Iran is keen to ensure healthy relations with them. Iran seeks to maintain trustworthy relations with Saudi Arabia because it is a potential partner and rival in the region. Good relations with the Gulf States is also a strategy to assert its role as a regional power as before. But its unresolved disputes in the region are a hindrance to such relationships. The groiving US military bases in the region have become a source of concern to Iran. The US Defence Secretary, William Cohen's visit to West Asia in April 2000, and his proposal of Cooperative Defence Initiative (CDI), is a grand military design of the US to protect its strategic interests. This move will further strengthen the US military presence in the region on the one hand, while also start an arms race on the other. From the Iranian perspective, the proposal of CDI is a political ploy of the US to generate mistrust among the Gulf States and paralyse the groiving relations between Iran and the Gulf States.

Iranian Perspective on Relations with India

Iranian Perspective on Relations with India

The Gulf and International Security: The 1980s and Beyond

Khomeini's Iran and threats to the Gulf security, M.E.Ahrari Persian Gulf security - an Iranian perspective, Shirin Hunter Saudi Arabia, Iran, and OPEC - the dynamics of a balancing act, M.E.Ahrari fools rush in - American policy and the Iran-Iraq War, Gregory Rose security concerns in the Arabian Peninsula, J.E.Peterson American perception of Iranian threats to the Gulf security, James Noyes Soviet interests in the Gulf, Mark Katz.

Superpowers and Persian Gulf security: The Iranian perspective

(1988). Superpowers and Persian Gulf security: The Iranian perspective. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 1427-1451.