Iranian Female Students Research Articles

Serum vitamin D level and female teenage caries experience: a cross-sectional study in Iran

Aims: This study aimed to assess Serum Vitamin D level and female teenage caries experience. Methods: This study evaluated 330 healthy female Iranian students between 13 to 19 years residing in Rey city. A questionnaire collected their demographic information. They underwent clinical dental examination to determine the number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) teeth (DMFT index). The nutritional status was evaluated using the food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) by assessing the consumption of cariostatic, cariogenic, remineralizing, sticky foods and carbohydrates. The serum samples were collected to measure the serum vitamin D level using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression and independent samples t-test. Results: The mean DMFT was 5.34±3.94. Of all, 69.3% had severe vitamin D deficiency, 20.3% had moderate vitamin D deficiency and 10.4% had normal level of vitamin D. Cariostatic agents consumption had a significant inverse correlation with DMFT (P=0.006). An increase in serum level of vitamin D by more than 10.27 ng/mL was associated with a reduction in prevalence of dental caries by 22%. Increased consumption of cariostatic agents by more than 89.30 g/day decreased the prevalence of dental caries by 32%. No significant association was noted between the prevalence of dental caries and level of parent’s education, consanguinity of parents, level of income, place of residence, frequency of tooth brushing, dental flossing, and dental visits (P>0.05). Conclusions: While the serum vitamin D level had no significant effect on DMFT, the nutritional regimen seemed to play a more important role in caries control.

Social-emotional competence, social adequacy, and self-regulation among Iranian female high school students

The research aimed to investigate the association between social-emotional competence and social adequacy with the self-regulation of female high school students in Tehran. The sample of the current study consisted of 250 female participants from the student community in different educational areas of Tehran, who were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The measurement tools were: The social-emotional competence scale, the social adequacy scale and the self-regulation questionnaire. The findings revealed a positive association between social-emotional competence, social adequacy, and self-regulation among Iranian female students. Resulted of regression analysis showed that self-regulation was positively predicted by social-emotional competence and social adequacy. Enhancing social competence, particularly in emotional and psychological aspects, can improve students’ adaptation and well-being. This can help prevent issues such as social rejection, substance abuse, and depression in both their school environment and future personal and professional lives. Additionally, it is important to implement various intervention programs targeting parents and teachers to raise awareness about social-emotional competence and social adequacy in adolescent girls, as well as strategies for fostering these skills. This will improve their mental health and help prevent the development of various addictive behaviors

The association between self-knowledge from Islamic perspective and mental health among Iranian female students

This study aimed to relate self-knowledge to mental health (from Islamic perspective), and compare it among the female students. Using the Morgan table, we selected 379 students from four universities, namely alzahra University, a single-sex university, the University of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University, and Kharazmi University. The samples were selected randomly by applying a stratified sampling method. We utilized two instruments: Islamic self-knowledge and general mental health questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient, independent samples t-test, and linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The results showed that there were significant association between self-knowledge and mental health. However, there were no significant differences between the female students of humanities and sciences, whether from the point of self-knowledge or mental health. The results also showed no significant differences between the students of alzahra University and the female students of the other three universities in self-knowledge and mental health. In each case, the results are compared to Islamic viewpoints (Quran, Hadith, and Quotations from various Islamic thinkers) as well as the psychological viewpoints of Maslow and Rogers. Our findings underline the importance of enhancing self-knowledge among female university students as a protective factor against mental health outcomes (substance abuse, depression, and anxiety) Moreover, Faith based strategies are known to be effective, more accessible than mental health professional services and will carry less stigma in the target community.

Predisposing factors of using cosmetics in Iranian female students: application of prototype willingness model.

The use of cosmetics among Iranian teenagers and youths has increased more than ever before. This study investigated the predisposing factors of cosmetic use in female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences by using the prototype willingness model (PWM). This cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 students, selected based on multistage sampling. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire that included demographic variables and PWM questions. Then multiple regression analysis was used in SPSS (version 20). There was a significant difference in the frequency of daily cosmetic use based on the education levels (F = 3.845, p-value = 0.034). The average daily use of cosmetics was higher in students whose use of cosmetics was high in their family (p = 0.024) and friends (p-value = 0.023). Prototypes were the strongest predictor of using cosmetics (OR = 1.317, p-value <0.001), followed by attitude (OR = 1.241, p-value <0.001). Prototypes (social imagination) and attitudes were the main predictors of using cosmetics among female students. To be effective in targeting cosmetic use, interventions must target both social and individual paths.

Psychometric evaluation of a new instrument to hookah tobacco smoking-related factors in the Iranian female university students based on the Extended Parallel Process Model.

The higher prevalence of hookah tobacco smoking (HTS) has become worrisome in women. Thus, it is essential to identify and measure the perceptions associated with this unhealthy behavior as well as the type of response to risk messages to design the effective programs. This study aimed to psychometric evaluation of a new instrument, named the Extended Parallel Process Model-Hookah Tobacco Smoking Questionnaire (EPPM-HTSQ), for female university students. This methodological study was conducted in 2019-2020 in central and western Iran. The first version of the instrument was developed with 97 items. Face, Content, and construct validity methods were used to assess the EPPM-HTSQ validity. The data viability for factorability was guided through Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sample adequacy (Values >0.7) and Bartlett's test of Sphericity (P < 0.05). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method with varimax rotation and SPSS software was performed to identify the main factors of the questionnaire and interpretable factors. The internal consistency and external reliability were determined. The test-retest was used for evaluating the stability of tools. During the assessment of the face and content validity 71 items remained in the questionnaire. EFA led to the extraction of nine dimensions: "Focusing on superior rewards," "Response Efficacy," "Perceived physical threat," "Perceived social threat," "Self-efficacy," "Fear control," "Attitude," "Fear," and "Intention" Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test (0.957) and Bartlett's test (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha (0.871-0.951) and ICC (0.985-0.998) were approved for scale dimensions. Important findings of the present study were the development and validation of the EPPM-HTSQ for measuring EPPM variables in relation to HTS; introducing a new variable "focusing on superior rewards"; as well as, the new classification of the concept of "perceived threat." The final version of the EPPM-HTSQ is a valid and reliable tool, but it is suggested to be re-evaluated in other studies with different populations and sample sizes.

Effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on hormones and lipid profile status in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: A study during COVID-19.

COVID-19 as a viral disease has brought up the need to exercise more than before due to its physiological effects on health. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of 12-week of aerobic exercise on female students' hormone levels and lipid profile with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a 12-week quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest research design among 40 Iranian female students aged 18-14 with PCOS, we randomly allocated the participants to either an experimental (they performed aerobic exercises three 60-minute sessions per week at home using content production) or a control condition. Their anthropometric and blood samples (e.g., testosterone, estrogen, prolactin, and lipid profile) were taken in two stages before and after the training protocol. The results of analysis indicated that 12-week of aerobic exercise reduced testosterone (P=0.041), prolactin (P=0.001), estrogen (P=0.001), body mass (P=0.002), body mass index (P=0.002), cholesterol (P=0.005), triglyceride (P=0.001) and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.001), whilst increased high-density lipoprotein (P=0.002). Findings demonstrated that performing aerobic exercises is an effective and non-invasive method that could have a positive effect on young girls' PCOS during COVID-19 pandemic.

A Comparison of the Effect of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague) and Mefenamic Acid for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (commonly known as ajwain) contains ingredients that attenuate menstrual problems, especially cramping. In this study, we evaluated the impact of ajwain on the pain intensity in a sample of Iranian female college students with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in comparison to mefenamic acid (MFA). This study was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial conducted in the university dormitories in Tehran, Iran, from September 2018 to May 2019. Seventy patients were randomly assigned to two groups of ajwain and MFA. The participants in the ajwain group were treated with a 500 mg ajwain capsule three times a day for seven days, from the 26th cycle day to the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle, for three consecutive cycle periods. The other group received MFA capsules with the first dose of 500 mg and then 250 mg every eight hours, if necessary, from the first day of the menstrual cycle. The two groups were compared in terms of the pain intensity by the visual analog scale (VAS) in pre-intervention cycle and three consecutive cycles during the study. Maximum pain intensity, mean pain, and duration of pain after the intervention were significantly reduced in both groups. The mean VAS score significantly decreased in the ajwain group compared to the MFA group post-intervention (p &lt; 0.02). Moreover, passing blood clots was significantly reduced in the ajwain group (p &lt; 0.03). The findings of this study suggest that ajwain may be effective in pain relief in PD without adverse effects.

O-176 Knowledge and belief about fertility preservation for medical and social reasons among Iranian female students

Abstract Study question What is the knowledge and beliefs of the female students in Tehran universities regarding the oocyte cryopreservation for medical and social reasons? Summary answer This study highlighted the positive attitude but insufficient knowledge about medical and social egg freezing and the ideal timing of childbearing in female students. What is known already Emerging research indicates that physiologic or pathologic ovarian aging limits the female reproductive capacity and oocyte cryopreservation (OC) is a rapidly evolving branch of reproductive medicine. Given the growing numbers of young women surviving cancer, along with increasing numbers of high educated women postponing childbearing for educational or professional pursuits, there will be a growing demand for egg freezing services to guarantee the pregnancy in near future. Egg freezing can prevent age-related infertility, but it also can cause new potentially ethical and financial problems and the neonatal and maternal risks of childbearing at an advanced maternal age. Study design, size, duration Totally, 1279 students from Tehran universities were included in this cross-sectional survey between March and August 2022. Participants/materials, setting, methods The survey was distributed through an online forum and advertised on social media groups targeting students in Tehran universities. Childless students in master's and doctoral degrees with the age of ≤ 38 years were included. Bachelor’s students were not included. Knowledge and beliefs about medical and non-medical oocyte cryopreservation were assessed through Fertility Preservation Survey (FPS) instrument. To analyze the data, descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (One-way ANOVA) were used. Main results and the role of chance The majority of participants were 30-34 years (41.1%, M: 26.38± 4.9), not married (77.2%), master’s student (77.7%), and hoped to have 2 children in the future (40.5%). Most of participants expected to be “30-34 years” when they become pregnant with their first child (34.4%) and “35-39 years” when they give birth to their last child (39.1%). The students agreed with preserving fertility with medical (93.3%) and social (86.9%) indications and believed medical (95.1%) and social (87.4%) costs of cryopreservation should be covered by health system. Participants believed in the routine providing of information about egg freezing to women of childbearing age as part of regular healthcare visits by health care professionals (95.5%). Women stated if they decide not to use eggs to become pregnant, they would consider donating them for fertility research (67.1%), to a friend or family member with fertility problems (58.1 %) and to infertile couples (42.7%). The overall correct response to knowledge questions was 57.7% which is relatively moderate. The marital status (P = 0.028), university faculty (P = 0.025) and occupation (P = 0.048) were related to knowledge. Married (M: 7.40±1.98) and unemployed students (M: 7.24±2.24) had more knowledge and students of Art faculty had lower knowledge than other faculties (M: 6.36±2.22). Limitations, reasons for caution The results would not be generalizable to all female students because the research project’s advertisement may have been ignored by students who are not interested in childbearing or it might have been noticed by students who are more interested in childbearing and preserving their fertility. Wider implications of the findings The findings are valuable in planning fertility preservation services. The supportive policies for childbearing could be expanded to cover the costs of fertility preservation. Midwives could play an important role in increasing the knowledge about age-related infertility and oocyte cryopreservation and help students in their reproductive life planning. Trial registration number not applicable

Factors Affecting Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery As a Health Risk Behavior in Iranian Women: Investigating the Relationship Between Traditional Gender Role Attitudes and Body Image

Objectives: The present study aims to design and test a model of factors affecting the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in Iranian female students. Methods: A sample of 600 female students aged 18 to 35 were selected from Kharazmi University using cluster random sampling. The participants completed six questionnaires: The short version of the attitude toward women scale, the beliefs about appearance scale, the body areas satisfaction scale, the body image coping strategies inventory, the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation, and the acceptance of cosmetic surgery scale. A structural model was used to examine the relationships among research variables. Results: Results showed a good level of fit to the data and proposed that gender role attitudes can facilitate cosmetic surgery in women by mediator roles of dysfunctional appearance beliefs, body dissatisfaction, coping strategies, and outcome expectancy. Discussion: The study highlights the importance of traditional gender role attitudes in body dissatisfaction and cosmetic surgeries among Iranian women. Indeed, traditional gender role attitudes can encourage women to conform to beauty standards and undertake cosmetic procedures. These procedures can expose them to risks and unwanted consequences. Therefore, future research and prevention programs should be paid more attention to these traditional beliefs.

The Relationship Between Watching Mukbang (Eating Show), Eating Behaviors, and Anthropometric Parameters in Iranian Female Students.

With the increasing watching of programs such as Mukbang, the study of eating behaviors and anthropometric parameters and their relationship with Mukbang should be considered to prevent chronic diseases and eating disorders. This study investigated the relationship between watching Mukbang with eating behaviors and anthropometric parameters in female students at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. A cross-sectional study. In this study, 114 female students aged 18 to 31 years were selected using simple random sampling. General information, watching Mukbang status, and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) were administered to the participants online. The prevalence of Mukbang watching in female students of the present study was 60.5%. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the frequency of Mukbang watching and emotional or restrained eating behavior (P > 0.05), while there was a significant relationship between external eating behavior and the frequency of watching Mukbang (P=0.0001). It was found that with increasing watching time, external eating also increased. According to the results of logistic regression analysis, the external eating chance was 27% lower in students who watch Mukbang rarely than those who have never watched such a show. However, this chance was 0.31 and 9.58 times higher in students who occasionally and always watch Mukbang, respectively. There is a significant relationship between external eating behaviors and watching Mukbang.

Effect of training based on health belief model and behavioral intention on improving dental and oral self-care behavior in 9–12-year-old Iranian female students

BackgroundTraining dental and oral health behaviors by using appropriate training models and theories is an important issue in preventing dental and oral diseases. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of training based on the health belief model and behavioral intention on dental and oral health behaviors in female students aged 9–12 years old in the city of Rudsar, Guilan, Iran.MethodsThis research is an interventional study conducted on 84 female students aged 9–12 years old, who lived in the city of Rudsar (n = 42 in the control group and n = 42 in the interventional group) in 2019. The data collection tools included questions on demographic variables, structures of the health belief model (perceived sensitivity, perceived severity, perceived barriers and benefits, self-efficiency), behavioral intention, and performance. The questionnaire was completed before the intervention and 3 months after it by both groups. The intervention group received four 45-min sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24, descriptive tests, independent sample t-test, pair sample t-test, and regression (P < 0.05).ResultsThe mean age of the intervention and control groups was 10.88 ± 1.01 and 10.80 ± 1.01, respectively. The results showed that the average scores of all structures of the health belief model and behavioral intention in the intervention group significantly changed compared to the average scores obtained before the intervention (P < 0.05). Moreover, the average scores of perceived sensitivity (p < 0.009), perceived barriers (p < 0.007), self-efficiency (p < 0.001), and behavioral intention (p < 0.001) significantly changed after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results, the health belief model and the behavioral intention were effective in improving dental and oral health so that they can be applied to improving people's dental and oral health. It can also be used as a model to design, implement, and monitor medical health programs.

Moving from a segregated to a coeducational context: Exploring Iranian female medical students' ownership and investment in language learning

The present study examined Iranian female medical students' transition from a segregated school system to a coeducational university context to uncover how they invested in their learning in the new context. The participants of this qualitative study were 23 female medical students, taking a general English language course in a mixed class of 54 students. This was their first experience of being in a coeducational environment. During the term the researchers/instructors observed the class, and also the students were interviewed to examine their understanding and feelings about this experience and its influence on their learning. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Taking Norton's (2015) investment model as a point of departure, the findings showed that female students invested in language learning by focusing on the capital, identity, and ideology that they were dealing with in the coeducational class. The findings showed that despite the common belief in the Iranian society that female learners are shy in coeducational settings, the participants invested in learning and owned their identity as medical students. They considered the class as a miniature setting to learn how to cooperate effectively with the male students to be ready for the mixed environment of their future profession.

Investigating the Predictors of Marital Satisfaction: The Case of Iranian Women

Previous studies have demonstrated that self-esteem and happiness play significant roles in couples’ levels of marital satisfaction. However, most of these studies findings are from Western countries; thereby, the extent to which these findings are generalizable across different languages and cultures is still an open question. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and happiness with marital satisfaction in the sample of Iranian female students to fill this gap. Participants were 250 Iranian female students who completed Rosenberg's self-esteem, Oxford happiness, Pick and Andrade's marital satisfaction questionnaires. The results logistic regression showed that the odds of being satisfied in marriage increased with happiness and self-esteem. Happy individuals with high self-esteem had, respectively, 2.4 and 2.41 times more likely to have marital satisfaction than unhappy individuals with low levels of self-esteem. The demographic variables of participants such as age, number of children, and the length of the relationship did not predict marital satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to psychological and cultural factors present in self-esteem and marital relationships in Iranian women.

Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire: Investigating Psychometric Properties in Iranian Female Students.

Objectives Mental Health Literacy (MHL) is an important factor in promoting mental health. Assessing this structure is required for early recognition and intervention in mental health problems. To date, there was no tool to assess it among Iranian adolescents, so this study was aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Adolescent Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (AMHLQ) among Iranian female students. Method The study instrument was a Persian version of the AMHLQ prepared through a translation and back-translation process. In this cross-sectional study, 275 female students completed the AMHLQ, and the Adolescent Strengths, and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results Findings of content, construct validity tests, Cronbach's alpha, and split-half coefficient demonstrated that the AMHLQ had satisfactory validity and suitable reliability. The exploratory factor analysis showed four dimensions of the AMHLQ: (1) knowledge of mental health problems (α = 0.89); (2) erroneous beliefs/stereotypes (α = 0.89); (3) help-seeking and first aid skills (α = 0.86); and (4) self-help strategies (α = 0.74). Conclusion The findings showed that the tool was confirmed by questions and subscales, and this questionnaire was a valid and reliable tool in assessing level differences of MHL and in determining the impact of programs designed to improve MHL in Iranian female adolescents.

Impact of Levels of Education on Depression and Anxiety in Iranian Students

Depression and anxiety had been among the most common mental health concerns reported in students across academic levels. With increased globalization, the influx of international students pursuing various professional courses in different countries has increased manifold in recent years. A bulk of research investigating the factors that affect health and adjustment of international students describe the unique challenges faced by them in adapting to new cultural environment and making successful transition. The present research focused on examining depression and anxiety among male and female Iranian students in India. The study sample consisted 300 male and 300 female students totaling to 600 students who were pursuing graduate, post graduate, doctoral, and post-doctoral degrees. Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 2001) and IPAT Anxiety scale (Cattel, Krug, &amp; Scheier, 1976) were used to assess depression and anxiety; respectively. Results indicated that education level did not have a significant impact on depression and anxiety implying that Iranian students in India experience similar levels of depression and anxiety irrespective of their varied educational background. However, gender-wise comparison reveals a statistically significant difference, with female students reporting higher rates of depression and anxiety than their male counterparts. Therefore, it is necessary to address depression and anxiety at the earliest during college years so as to arrest their negative impact on academic outcomes.

Iranian Male and Female Learners' Creativity in News Translation from a Sociolinguistic Perspective

Purpose: This article investigates the difference between Iranian male and female learners' creativity and their use of translation strategies in news translation from a sociolinguistic perspective. Approach/Methodology/Design: In terms of the sample, 50 (24 male and 26 female) M.A students of the English Translation at Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch were randomly selected as participants of the study. Abedi's Creativity Test (1983) was used to differentiate male and female students' creativity. The test included 60 questions and was designed based on four different subcategories of creativity. Saibua's Model (1985) was used to assess the strategies applied in the process of translation by male and female translators. Findings: There is no significant difference between Iranian male and female students’ level of creativity and their use of translation strategies in news translation at P ≤ 0.05. Practical Implications: The results can be used to uncover the difference between male and female learners’ levels of creativity in transferring source text to target text. Various news translators can draw on the results of this study as a guideline to solve problems that could occur when translating because the strategies mentioned in this study are applicable. In addition, the results may be helpful for the translators of any kind of text because the concepts of these strategies can be adapted or applied for almost every type of text. Originality/value: The study investigates the difference between male and female learners' ability to transfer ST to TT by using translation strategies.

Iranian Intermediate ESP Students’ language learning beliefs and their language learning strategies

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between ESP students' language learning beliefs and strategy use. 68 Iranian female students studying in midwifery and nursing departments were selected. Study participants received the Quick Oxford placement, and 51 intermediate participants were selected from among them. Language Learning-Related Beliefs Inventory, and Language Learning Strategy-Inventory were used. Chi-square was used to find the relationship. The results showed that Iranian midwifery students are moderate in their beliefs about language learning, they generally use language learning strategies at a moderate level, and their preferences for language learning strategies are compensatory, metacognitive, memory, cognitive, social and affective. The results also showed that there is a positive relationship between ESP students' language learning beliefs and their use of language learning strategies. The findings of this study can also be fruitful for language learners and teachers, curriculum designers and material developers. Keywords: ESP students, language learning beliefs, language learning strategies

The comparison stature estimation from forearm, hand length and foot length between Iranian and Pakistani medical students

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Objectives&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;An important task of the forensic anthropologist in unidentified human remains cases is establishing the identity of the deceased. A forensic anthropologist typically examines the remains in such a case to determine the biological characteristics of the deceased, such as their age, sex, height, and ethnicity, to narrow down the search for the missing. The purpose of this study was the comparison stature estimation from foot, forearm and hand length between Iranian and Pakistani students.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Our measurement procedure involved measuring the foot, forearm and hand lengths of 160 Iranian and 200 Pakistani students. A random sampling of 18 to 22-year-olds was used to carry out the survey. Cluster sampling was used to select the subjects for the present descriptive and analytic study. In order to measure the anthropometrics, we used metal and plastic tape, a goniometer, a caliper, and a scale. Foot forearm and hand measurements were taken separately.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The mean ± SD of the stature were 178.228 ± 6.319 cm and 167.610 ± 7.580 cm in Pakistani males and females, respectively, and in Iranian males and females were 180.446 ± 5.569 cm and 164.435 ± 5.072 cm, respectively. In both Pakistani and Iranian populations, the regression model is meaningful (P = 0.000), except for Pakistani male students' foot length (P = 0.107) and Iranian female students' hand length (P = 0.102).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusion&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;We found that the foot, forearms, and hand length are correlated with height. Therefore, they can be used for estimating stature.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model on Beliefs Towards Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in a Sample of Iranian Female Nursing Students

Background: According to the previous studies, Iranian university students do not have a firm belief in the effectiveness of HPV vaccination. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based training program on beliefs of Iranian female nursing students towards HPV vaccination. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female nursing students in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in 2019. A total of 80 nursing students were selected as the participants via convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into two groups (40 in each group). The participants in the intervention group attended the HBM training program for 4 weeks and received instructions on HPV related diseases and HPV vaccination, whereas the members of the control group received no education. The HBM questionnaire was administered to the participants in both groups before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month later. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 through chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Immediately after the intervention and one month later, the intervention group showed a significant increase in perceived severity, perceived benefits, and cues to action compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was a difference of borderline significance between the intervention and control groups in terms of perceived barriers immediately after the intervention (P=.061). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, educational intervention based on HBM constructs can be used in changing students’ beliefs toward HPV vaccine and its acceptance.

Psychometric Properties of Adolescent Resilience Scale in Gifted Male and Female Iranian Students

Psychometric Properties of Adolescent Resilience Scale in Gifted Male and Female Iranian Students