IP Management Research Articles

General practitioners’ views on inappropriate prescribing for older patients: a qualitative study through focus groups

BackgroundInappropriate prescribing (IP) is a common problem in the older population. Despite numerous attempts to tackle this issue, it remains a public health concern. In most European countries, general practitioners (GPs) are responsible for global primary care and are thus gatekeepers for the adequacy of medicines, specifically for older people. An in-depth analysis of the situation is necessary to understand why this phenomenon is still prevalent and to identify solutions that could help avoid IP in primary practice.MethodA qualitative study based on five focus groups (FG) comprising nine to thirteen general practitioners was conducted in the French-speaking part of Belgium. Participants were recruited among the Local Medical Evaluation Groups (LMEG) and selected to guarantee heterogeneity in working organisations, years of professional experience, gender and age. All interviews were recorded with prior agreement and transcribed in verbatims. The transcripts were coded and analysed to highlight the primary themes, considering dominant and marginal discourses.ResultsFifty four GPs participated in the study, with an average experience of 30 years. IPs are perceived as a significant problem in the older population, leading to dangerous health situations. The issue is associated with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, and GPs stated to manage IP using their clinical experience. Most of the study participants faced difficulties managing IP, mostly due to the specificity and complexity of elderly care. Indeed, managing an older patient is challenging due to medical complexity, poor adherence to drug regimes, or low medical literacy. In addition, the medical environment of general practice is challenging, with multiple providers, lack of time, prescribing routine and the absence of effective communication with specialists or other care providers. Additionally, the tools and support available to help medication management in primary care are inadequate. Enhancing collaboration with pharmacists is perceived as a strong potential facilitator.ConclusionThis article addresses the complex management of IP in the old age, from the point of view of GPs. Interesting clues were highlighted, like the need to clarify roles of healthcare providers, the better fit of tools to facilitate medication’s review with particularities of GPs needs and the empowerment of pharmacist collaboration.

The Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Age

Purpose: This study sought to explore the evolution of intellectual property rights in the digital age. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the evolution of intellectual property rights in the digital age. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the digital age has significantly transformed the landscape of intellectual property rights, necessitating adaptations to traditional IP frameworks to address new challenges such as digital content piracy and unauthorized distribution. It was found that while digital technologies, like blockchain and NFTs, offer potential solutions for enhanced IP protection, existing laws often fell short of addressing the complexities introduced by these advancements. The study highlighted the need for harmonized international standards and ongoing adaptation to effectively manage and protect intellectual property in the rapidly evolving digital environment. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Theory of Technological Determinism, Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) Theory and the Theory of Legal Realism may be used to anchor future studies on the evolution of intellectual property. The study recommended several strategies to address the evolving challenges in intellectual property rights due to digital advancements. It suggested the adoption of technologies like blockchain for better IP management and the need for improved international cooperation to address cross-border enforcement issues. Additionally, it advised policymakers to harmonize IP standards globally and support innovations in IP protection technologies. The study also emphasized the importance of education to enhance awareness of digital IP rights and recommended legal reforms to update existing laws to better suit the digital age.

A blockchain-based solution for transparent intellectual property rights management: smart contracts as enablers

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to address the limitations of traditional methods for managing intellectual property rights (IPRs) by proposing a blockchain-based solution. By leveraging blockchain technology and smart contracts, the aim is to create a comprehensive ecosystem that offers advantages such as reduced transaction costs, improved transparency, enhanced security and increased liquidity levels for IP assets.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes using blockchain technology to manage intellectual property rights (IPRs) through a smart contract-based ecosystem. It outlines the use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the blockchain to represent IPRs, with smart contracts automating interactions and encoding rules for various processes such as applications, licensing, transfers and royalty distribution. Governance mechanisms, such as decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), are employed to allow stakeholders to propose and vote on contract changes, ensuring adaptability. This approach aims to streamline IPR workflows, reduce transaction costs, improve transparency and enhance security.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that implementing a blockchain-based ecosystem for managing intellectual property rights (IPRs) can lead to various benefits. These include reduced transaction costs, improved transparency, enhanced security, increased liquidity levels for IP assets and streamlined automated processes. The use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the blockchain allows for detailed management, valuation and trading of IPRs. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our proposed ecosystem, outperforming traditional IP management systems in terms of transaction speed and cost-effectiveness. These simulations highlight the practical viability of integrating blockchain technology into IP management workflows.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of adopting this blockchain-based ecosystem for managing intellectual property rights (IPRs) are significant. By streamlining processes, reducing transaction costs and improving transparency and security, organizations can expedite the protection and commercialization of their IP assets. Additionally, the increased liquidity levels and accessibility of IP assets to investors and financiers can spur innovation and economic growth.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the field by proposing a novel approach to managing intellectual property rights (IPRs) using blockchain technology and smart contracts. By leveraging non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on the blockchain, the proposed ecosystem offers a more efficient and transparent way of managing IPRs, reducing reliance on costly and opaque traditional methods. The potential benefits include improved efficiency, transparency, security and collaboration in the management and commercialization of IPRs.

From discovery to innovation in animal health: Maturing emerging technologies for industrial development

The Discovery to Innovation in Animal Health Conference (DIAH) was organised to bridge the gap between early developers, including academia, regulators, research organizations, and spin-offs/start-ups on one side, and medium-to large-sized companies on the other. The DIAH Conference confronted and aligned vision from academia, industry and regulators, emphasizing the need for early collaboration, careful IP management, and strategic planning for successful product development and partnerships. Recent breakthroughs in vaccinology have not only accelerated the vaccine production process but have also improved antigen quality significantly. These novel technologies are likely to transform vaccine development and play a crucial role in addressing both immediate health challenges (such as cancer vaccines) and ensuring preparedness for future pandemics. The potential and pitfalls of leveraging AI to drive forward R&I activities in the field of animal health were also discussed. Researchers and entrepreneurs looking for collaboration or investment presented a series of new technologies and start-ups, respectively. A market analysis showed that the animal health industry, while highly consolidated, also shows great diversity, ranging from big pharma to companies offering diagnostics, nutritional health services, wearables, feed additives, animal feed and genetic analyses. An analysis of the investment landscape, although subject to external factors, showed that the chances for success are high when good science, a well established regulatory pathways, with a clearly defined market need can be combined with experienced management and a strong investor consortium.

Streamlining ICT Network Resources, Processes and Operations through a Centralized Management System: A Development and Evaluation

This study aims to provide an inventory and monitoring system for the ICT Network and Telecommunication Department at Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite. As it streamlines the management and documentation of network equipment and IP addresses under a single, centralized system, it incorporates integrated management features to carry out and improve network resource management operations. The development of the system was presented with the use of the Agile Model, which illustrates the client's workflow, allowing for changes and discussions based on the client's feedback; the model involves planning, design, implementation, testing, and evaluation, allowing continuous improvement, and providing high-quality systems that met the client's requirements. In addition, the system's components were tested for unit functionality and browser compatibility by the technical adviser, (2) administrators, and (5) IT experts. Furthermore, the system also underwent an evaluation process based on ISO 25010 to measure its Compatibility, Usability, Reliability, Functional Suitability, Security, Portability, Maintainability, and Performance Efficiency, participated by (1) a technical adviser, (2) administrators, (10) IT Experts, and (10) end users. The findings revealed that the system was fully operational and could carry out its designated functions, with an average result of 98.93% passing rate. No component failed during testing in the presence of the specified test respondents. From the responses of the determined evaluators, all aspects of the system are deemed “Highly Acceptable.” The implications of these findings indicate that the ICT Network Resource Management System for LPU Cavite has met the requirements and expectations set forth. The system's compliance with ISO 25010 requirements, successful test results, and high-end user acceptability highlight its potential to enhance the management and monitoring processes, leading to more efficient and effective management for the university’s ICT network and telecommunication department. Keywords: ICT, Network Management System, ICT Network Resources, Streamlining ICT Resources Received Date: April 12, 2024Revised Date: May 17, 2024Accepted Date: May 26, 2024

Research and Analysis of the Booming Market of Korea’s IP Image LOOPY

International IP industry practice is an essential component of international communication and cross-cultural exchange. (Rong & Ji, 2020) Recently, the Korean IP LOOPY has exploded and there are many valuable experiences worth learning from. This article delves into the reasons for the success of the renowned IP LOOPY and proposes a method for inspiring the creation of successful IP. This study collected young people's opinions on the popularity of LOOPY in the form of a questionnaire, and collected a total of 108 valid feedback survey data. Through a detailed analysis of the data, it is found that the reasons for LOOPY’s success include unique character designs, emotional resonance that is highly attuned to audience needs, and excellent IP management strategies.Based on this, this paper proposes a method for creating new IP. Firstly, creativity should be at the core to create a unique story background and attractive characters and world view. Secondly, attention should be paid to the needs of the audience, creating emotional resonance points, and enhancing fan stickiness. Then, continuous content creation of the IP. Finally, diversified marketing methods should be used to expand the influence of the IP. The conclusions drawn from this research have certain reference significance for the development of China's IP industry and aim to provide useful guidance for practitioners.

Management of Rigidity Dominant Parkinson’s Disease Through Ayurvedic Protocol

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a disease with insidious onset and slow progression. It is a neurologic condition that causes motor manifestations namely, bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural instability and non-motor symptoms such as depression and dementia. The modern treatment provides some symptomatic relief but any proven means for slowing the progression have not been found yet. This case is of a 64-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of slowness in daily activities, difficulty in raising left upper arm along with heaviness, tremors in both hands, difficulty in speech and movement for 3 years. Complaints were increasing progressively hindering his routine activities. He underwent our IP management for 60 days with follow-up after every 20 days. In every follow-up, the patient reported significant relief in his symptoms and after two months, he was able to perform his routine activities without any help.

Improving Indicators in Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement in Pakistan: A Study of Impact of Integrated IP Management Model

This study highlights the present situation of enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and its improvement as an impact of implementation of integrated IP management system in Pakistan. The key initiatives taken by the national government and the organization to achieve the target have been discussed in this study. The major steps include centralized IP administration, new IP legislation, up-gradation of IP Laws, introduction of special IP courts as IP tribunal, capacity building of IP personnel, digitization & automation, cooperation & interaction between law and enforcement agencies & departments, accession to international treaties and IP awareness across the country etc. The aforesaid actions made positive image of the country in IPRs situation by improvement in global IPR ranking index.

Strategic management of intellectual property for technology as an object of civil law relations

Strategic management of intellectual property for technology as an object of civil law relations

Legal Considerations in the Development and Commercialization of Corporate Intellectual Property

With the exploitation of the internet and societal innovations and legislative shifts, it is repeatedly being raised as to whether and to what degree businesses and individuals can protect their intellectual property and in economic terms the worth of doing so. To date, how to capture value from IP and what can be considered an effective IP strategy are subjects for which there is no definitive answer as the solution is very much industry and firm-specific. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to provide a strategic perspective on intellectual property exploitation and management in a manner that is relevant to the business objectives of today's corporations. In doing this, this paper will argue that the effective management of IP is a complex process requiring a synthesis of insight from several disciplines ranging from strategy to finance and law. The argument underlying this is that in the same way that today's corporation has changed the way to strategy and management of other business assets, there too is a need to change how IP is both managed and exploited. This theme is prevalent throughout the following analysis, however, these two opening sections aim to provide a comprehensive framework that links and articulates the various aspects of corporate IP. This framework will be of most use to managers and decision-makers with responsibility for IP who are seeking to maximize the value of their property to use it as leverage to gain sustainable competitive advantage. A second audience for this paper is the academically minded. A sign of changes to come is that IP is now a topic of academic research in various fields that encompass PhD and other advanced studies. In addressing the wide disciplinary audience, the following analysis draws evidence from a mix of academic and business sources.

(Invited) Is Commercialization of Intellectual Property in an Academic Environment Feasible?

A career in academics is in some ways at odds with commercialization. The priorities of an academic institution are publish or perish. Yet, the path to commercialization embeds either patents or trade secrets. Many in academics do not acknowledge patents as academic achievement. For a variety of reasons, university laboratories are not established to build the demonstrations needed to promote commercialization.Universities support patenting but are not equipped to facilitate commercialization of research, especially research based on sophisticated, fundamental ideas. Because of the constraints of the academic environment, ideas are driven to patents before devices are demonstrated. Yet the Bayh Dole Act provides that federally supported research be commercialized with any profits returned to the universities and inventors.These constraints create a barely navigable matrix for the academic inventor.When financial constraints reduce the University's support of patents, ownership is transferred to the inventor. This creates complexities in IP management with the University and increases cost to the inventor. However, it also creates opportunity.To commercialize the existing and evolving IP, a small business was formed with family. And now we maintain the patents, write grant applications restricted to the personally held IP, promote the IP, and try to bridge the chasm to commercialization.Startup success is elusive under the best conditions with experienced founders that understand both the technology and more importantly the business need. Founders typically have a working system and industry contacts before attempting to launch a new venture. Founders spend most of the time selling to investors and early prospects.New ventures started by academics have none of these advantages. They often have a great idea but no commercially viable prototype, no industry contacts and no connections to investors. They do not understand the amount of time spent on fundraising, and lack the skills and desire to raise funds. Commercialization of university research is more difficult than starting with nothing outside because university life is a full time job with many constraints. Investors are not interested in part-time CEOs. They want full time commitment and focused dedication. Investors are not interested in dealing with university administrations and procedures.Successful commercialization requires three roles: Business person that understands the market opportunitySubject matter expert that can defined a solution to the problemProduct manager that can translate between the other two and build a working system. A successful combination of these roles in coordination is required to build an investable business that can attract the capital required for commercialization.Academics can provide the subject matter expertise but engaging successful business people and product managers need to be found outside universities. Finding these connections is difficult but friends and family, industry organizations, and angel investment networks can provide some paths. University business schools and administrations should facilitate these connections with vetted business people.Universities should have an investment pitch competition put on by professors with patent portfolios each semester. Universities can invite investors to view the commercializable research that is being developed within the university. This is a non-trivial undertaking but can be done virtually to reach a wide range of investors across the country.Very few US universities have provided successful paths to commercialization. These most famous, well funded, private universities attract most of the investment interest. A few worked examples coming from other universities will encourage the appetite for future investment.

IMPROVEMENT IN HURLER SYNDROME WITH AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT: A CASE REPORT

Hurler syndrome is a rare lysosomal storage disorder occurring due to the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha L Iduronidase and has an autosomal recessive inheritance [1]. Ayurveda explains this condition as aavaranajanya vatavyadhi (obstructive pathology) [2]. This is the case of Hurler Syndrome of a female child of 13yrs with a relevant family history (her sister had the same syndrome). The patient had dysmorphic facies, pain and stiffness over multiple joints, dysmorphic facies, difficulty in walking, and mild speech impairment. She visited the outpatient department of our tertiary Ayurvedic health centre three times. She took OP and IP management along with dietary recommendations for about two months and ten days, and significant improvement was noted such as a reduction in contractures, ability to walk independently, self-feeding and the ability for normal schooling. The assessment was done with Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CPQOL). The values changed from 330 to 445 before and after treatment, respectively and gradings of spasticity as per the Modified Ashworth scale changed from 2+ to 1+ in both upper limbs and from 3+ to 2+ in both lower limbs.

STUDY OF EXISTING APPROACHES TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The article examines the issue of intellectual property management based on the use of systemic, innovative, informational and reproductive, process and functional approaches. The specific features of each methodical approach to management are defined, the interrelationship of the proposed approaches to management is highlighted, and the development strategy of modern enterprises based on the effective use of the results of innovative activity and intellectual property is indicated. It has been proven that the process approach to the management of intellectual property at an industrial enterprise is the most widely used at this time, which is manifested through the interrelationship and interdependence of management functions in the execution of business processes. It was determined that the effectiveness of the functional approach to intellectual property management, in our opinion, will depend on proper interaction with the management and employees of the enterprise. Therefore, already at the stage of creating a functional division for intellectual property management, it is necessary to convince the top management of the enterprise that it should grant certain powers to such a functional structure. The system-informational approach to intellectual property management focuses attention on the importance of information throughout the reproduction cycle, which implies the need for informational relationships between the elements of the IP management system, which provide conditions for a continuous reproduction process. An innovative approach to management consists in intensifying the innovative activity of an industrial enterprise through the use of intellectual property objects, which, as a result of their introduction into economic circulation at one's enterprise or at other enterprises (on a licensing basis), will allow the enterprise to provide competitive advantages in its target market and sustainable development based on its intellectual and innovative development in market conditions. The concept of a strategic approach to IP management includes plans and directions of production actions, the sequence of decisions and methods that allow to evaluate, analyze and develop an effective system for the field of intellectual property in order to effectively implement the company's strategy. A detailed analysis of the organizational and economic approaches to the management of IP at an industrial enterprise allows us to draw a conclusion about the greatest effectiveness of such intellectual property management methods as system and process, which provide the enterprise with special efficiency with proper marketing support.

P643 Psoriasis induced by anti-TNF therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: analysis of therapeutic management and evolution of both diseases in a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Background Some patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) who are treated with anti-TNFα therapy develop a drug-induced psoriasis (IP) as an adverse event. There are some therapeutic approaches, being more frequent to change the biologic therapy to ustekinumab, effective and approved for the treatment of both entities. This could be the best option, but available data are lacking and it could increase the risk of IBD relapse. Our aim is to assess the management of anti-TNF IP in IBD, and the subsequent evolution of both diseases in a large nationwide cohort of patients. Methods Retrospective, observational multicenter study from the prospectively maintained Spanish ENEIDA registry. Participants were patients with IBD and anti-TNFα IP. At baseline, psoriasis severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe, and remission was defined as the resolution of skin lesions, clinical response as an improvement without complete resolution, and no response as the absence of improvement. IBD clinical activity was defined based on Harvey-Bradshaw Index and Partial Mayo Score. All items were evaluated when available at baseline and 16, 32 and 54 weeks. Results Anti-TNFα IP was reported in 234 patients (CD: 185, UC: 46, unclassified IBD: 3). SWAP strategy was chosen in 76 patients (32.5%), most of them to ustekinumab (90.8%), 71 (30.3%) patients continued anti-TNF, 49 (20.9%) discontinued it, and in 38 (16.2%) a switch to a second anti-TNF was made. The decision to continue or not anti-TNF was associated to psoriasis severity (p<0.001) and baseline IBD activity (p=0.03). In mild psoriasis, anti-TNF was continued in 56.81% of patients, whereas SWAP and withdrawal of the anti-TNF were the most used in moderate and severe disease (32.3% and 36.5% respectively). SWAP strategy was also the most used in active IBD (46%). During follow-up, CD activity got worse in anti-TNF withdrawal group (p=0.003), without differences in the other groups. Regarding to psoriatic lesions, all strategies showed a significant improvement, with worse results when anti-TNF was continued (remission rate of 58%, p=0.042), and without differences between the other strategies at week 54. In multivariate analysis, male gender was associated with IBD remission (HR 0.233; IC95% 0.061-0.894). Trunk (OR 2.777; IC95% 1.120-6.889), as well as palms and soles location (OR 2.091; IC95% 1.018-4.294), and stopping anti-TNF treatment (OR 3.010; IC95% 1.110-8.159), were independently associated with remission of skin lesions. Conclusion Evaluating IBD activity and psoriasis severity is essential before modifying IBD treatment due to IP. Continuing anti-TNF treatment in mild psoriasis cases, and considering SWAP to ustekinumab in moderate-severe ones, could be a suitable strategy.

РОЛЬ И МЕСТО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ОЦЕНКИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬЮ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ КАЧЕСТВА СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ

An urgent strategic task of the Russian economy is the development of domestic industrial knowledge-intensive production, the development and development of new knowledge-intensive and information technologies and the accelerated formation of market relations in industry to obtain domestic competitive products and ensure the interests of national economic security by preserving and developing the industrial and scientific-technical potential of the country. Effective management of intellectual property in modern conditions at the level of industries or the whole economic system should imply the creation of a qualitatively new and unified ecosystem that considers all technical innovations and opportunities, ideas and developments that are used by leading countries or corporations. This is necessary, first of all, in order to ensure effective management processes within the framework of the formation and regulation of intellectual property, both of an individual enterprise and of the entire economy as a whole. It seems reasonable to assume that in the conditions of an unfavorable external environment, instability, backwardness of the Russian Federation in the field of intellectual property formation and the realization of its intellectual potential, effective management and evaluation of IP is of cardinal importance in ensuring the competitiveness and quality of Russian enterprises. That is why the purpose of this article is an attempt to identify the role and place of intellectual property management and evaluation in ensuring the quality of modern industrial enterprises and to present the author’s vision of the methodology for improving the quality and efficiency of the IP management and evaluation system of domestic enterprises in a volatile and unfavorable external environment.

Intellectual Property Management: Case Studies of Vietnamese SMEs

Intellectual property is increasingly recognized as key contributor to business success. Meanwhile, in Vietnam, there exists a lack of evidence on how firms are managing their intellectual property strategically. With that being said, this paper aims to provide a systematic analysis of successful intellectual property management practices of Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The authors redesign Intellectual Creation Cycle by Japan Patent Office, taking into account the unique management scenario among Vietnamese businesses. Then, we demonstrate patent and trademark management of six representative SMEs each in four steps: Creation, Registration, Utilisation and Protection. Data collection is based on in-depth interviews with directors of the selected companies. One of the most important findings is that it highlights collaboration between universities/public research institutions and businesses in an effort to develop high value-added products. Also, from the policy-making perspective, a number of lessons have also been drawn out: first, universities and public research institutions should be promoted to commercialise their research outputs; second, enhancement of finance scheme by the industry plays an important role in the IP commercialisation process. This paper thus provides strategic guidelines for Vietnamese SMEs in corporate IP management. It also proposes some practical insights for policy makers with respect to the promotion of IP among businesses, in particular SMEs for the purpose of economic growth.

An insight of intellectual property management practices in the Agriculture Research System

Innovations are key to economic growth and are major contributors towards enhancing food security, higher social development and environment sustainability. In this study, carried out at ICAR-NAARM during the year 2020, an effort is made to understand the ongoing IP management and technology commercialization practices in ICAR and major challenges/pitfalls involved within, along with suggestive corrective measures. This paper provides evidence to measure technology outputs through patent analytics and other desk-research approaches to assess current level of technology transfer process performed by Agri-Business Incubators (ABIs) to create value and societal impact of technologies developed in the system. Results indicate active patent filings across all agricultural sectors, with a major trajectory after 2008 and a policy-based approach to spur technology commercialization in NARES. It also identifies the roadblocks with suggestive mid-course corrections.

A Research Agenda for Collaborative Roadmapping Supported by Blockchain Technology

Roadmapping is a well-known management approach that helps with the collaborative development and management of technology and innovation planning. In this context, the management of shared information is critical to effective and reliable collaboration. Blockchain technology supports disruptive and distributed IP management solutions, especially in a multi-stakeholder environment. This research investigates opportunities to apply blockchain to support collaborative roadmapping. First, a literature review was conducted to identify potential benefits provided by blockchain technologies. The connections between the collaborative roadmapping gaps and potential blockchain benefits were translated into research opportunities. Blockchain by nature can support two unsolved gaps in collaborative roadmapping: confidentiality and security. Additionally, the research reveals three new potential benefits of blockchain technologies: certification, shared value, and traceability.

Management of Idiopathic Viral Pericarditis in the Pediatric Population.

Idiopathic (viral) pericarditis (IP) is one of the most common etiologies of acute and recurrent pericarditis in children. IP is associated with significant morbidity, and recurrence rates of IP are high and require treatment to decrease risk of recurrence and pericarditis-related chest pain. Despite significant morbidity, sparse guidance exists to comprehensively address management of IP in children. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pharmacotherapy of IP in children, including clinical pearls for managing pediatric patients. Clinicians should consider using the combination of colchicine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as first-line therapy, in order to reduce the risk of recurrence and foster symptom improvement in IP. Colchicine dosing may vary depending on patient age, weight, concomitant pharmacotherapies, and disease states. Choice of NSAID should be based on cost, tolerability, and adverse drug events (ADEs). Children should receive higher NSAID attack dosing for >1 week to ensure a reduction in high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations and symptom relief. Corticosteroids should be considered last-line for treatment of IP in children, because they increase the risk of recurrence. Immunotherapies may be considered for children with multiple recurrences related to IP despite the use of NSAIDs, colchicine, and/or corticosteroids. Similar to adults, diligent monitoring should be implemented, to prevent drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and/or ADEs in children.

Open Innovation and Sustainable Innovation Performance: The Moderating Role of IP Strategic Planning and IP Operation

In recent years, open innovation and intellectual property rights have become critical factors to gain superior sustainable innovation performance. However, existing literature pays little attention to different open innovation strategies and their interplay with different IP management approaches in improving sustainable innovation performance. Drawing on the contractual/non-contractual view, this study explores how external partnering and external sourcing affect sustainable innovation performance, and the moderating role of IP strategic planning and IP operation. An empirical study is performed based on an innovation survey with one sample of 764 manufacturing firms. The results show that both external partnering and external sourcing can enhance sustainable innovation performance. Moreover, both IP strategic planning and IP operation play a positive moderating role in the relationship between open innovation and sustainable innovation performance. IP operation functions well once firms engage in open innovation, while IP strategic planning functions well when firms are open to some certain extent. This study provides important implications for sustainability research and managerial practice.