IP Effect Research Articles

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics reveal vascular protective effects of Ilex pubescens on thromboangiitis obliterans

BackgroundIlex pubescens Hook. et Arn (IP), traditionally known for its properties of promoting blood circulation, swelling and pain relief, heat clearing, and detoxification, has been used in the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO). Despite its traditional applications, the specific mechanisms by which IP exerts its therapeutic effects on TAO remain unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms in the therapeutic effects of IP on TAO, employing network pharmacology and metabolomic approaches. MethodsIn this study, a rat TAO model was established by injecting sodium laurate through the femoral artery, followed by the oral administration of IP for 7 days. Plasma coagulation parameters were measured to assess the therapeutic effects of IP. The potential influence on the femoral artery and gastrocnemius muscle was histopathologically evaluated. Network pharmacology was employed to predict relevant targets and model pathways for TAO. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for the metabolic profile analysis of rat plasma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to verify the mechanisms by which IP promotes blood circulation in TAO. ResultsThe study revealed that IP improved blood biochemical function in TAO and played a significant role in vascular protection and maintaining normal blood vessels and gastrocnemius morphologies. Network pharmacology showed that IP compounds play a therapeutic role in modulating lipids and atherosclerosis. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the pathways involved in sphingolipid metabolism and steroid biosynthesis were significantly disrupted. The joint analysis showed a strong correlation between lysophosphatidylcholine and IP components, including triterpenoid and iridoid components, which support the curative action of IP through the modulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, decreased expression levels of SPHK1/S1PR1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were observed in the IP-treated group, suggesting that IP exerts a protective effect on the vasculature primarily by regulating of the SPHK1/S1PR1 signaling pathway. ConclusionIn this study, we found that IP protects the vasculature against injury and treats TAO by regulating the steady-state disturbance of the sphingolipid pathway. These findings suggest that IP promotes vasculature by modulating sphingolipid metabolism and SPHK1/S1PR1 signaling pathway and reduce levels of inflammatory factors, offering new insights into its therapeutic potential.

Effects of seasonal precipitation regimes on microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity during shrub foliar litter decomposition in a subtropical forest

Elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity responses to the seasonal precipitation regime during foliar litter decomposition is highly important for understanding the material cycle of forest ecosystems in the context of global climate change; however, the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, a precipitation manipulation experiment involving a control (CK) and treatments with decreased precipitation in the dry season and extremely increased precipitation in the wet season (IE) and decreased precipitation in the dry season and proportionally increased precipitation in the wet season (IP) was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China from October 2020 to October 2021. The moisture, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities of foliar litter from two dominant shrub species, Phyllostachys violascens and Alangium chinense, were measured at six stages during the dry and wet seasons. The results showed that (1) both IE and IP significantly decreased the microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content and the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and cellulase in the dry season, while the opposite effects were observed in the wet season. (2) Compared with those of IE, the effects of IP on foliar litter microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity were more significant. (3) The results from the partial least squares model indicated that extracellular enzyme activity during foliar litter decomposition was strongly controlled by the foliar litter water content, microbial biomass nitrogen, the ratio of total carbon to total phosphorus, foliar litter total carbon, and foliar litter total nitrogen. These results provide an important theoretical basis for elucidating the microbial mechanisms driving litter decomposition in a subtropical forest under global climate change scenarios.

The distortion and misinterpretation of TEM responses caused by the IP effect

Abstract Transient electromagnetic surveys are commonly conducted to map the distribution of resistivity, a key physical property in mineral exploration and other geological prospecting problems. However, the responses obtained in regions associated with chargeable minerals are always distorted by the induced polarization effects. In this study, the distorted responses are initially simulated in the frequency domain employing the Cole–Cole complex resistivity model and subsequently converted into the time domain through a time-frequency transformation method. A uniform half-space model is employed to validate the algorithm and illustrate the distortion characteristics of the responses in polarizable formations. A three-layer model is designed to estimate the misinterpretation of slightly complicated models. An actual misinterpretation is demonstrated by field responses containing induced polarization effects collected in the Wulong Gold Mine. The results show that the distortions under different geoelectrical conditions are consistent, enhancing the responses in the early stage and counteracting the responses in the late stage. The strong induced polarizable effects distort the responses by causing explicit sign reversals, whereas the weak induced polarizable effects only distort the decay rate of the responses. These distortions are prone to causing misinterpretations and resulting in excessively intricate geological structures.

3-D Forward Modeling of Semi-Airborne TEM Method With IP Effect Based on Goal-Oriented Adaptive Finite Element Algorithm

3-D Forward Modeling of Semi-Airborne TEM Method With IP Effect Based on Goal-Oriented Adaptive Finite Element Algorithm

Research on the Construction of University Cultural Brand IP Driven by Network Cloud Platform Technology

Abstract Campus culture brand IP, as the soft power in the construction of university brand culture, has become an important material carrier for the inheritance and dissemination of university brand culture. In the cloud platform technology, we are using an information diffusion model to explore the diffusion degree and influence of college culture brand IP information on the network platform. The dissemination process of cultural brand IP information is examined from the point of view of sharing information resources in colleges and universities. Construct a competitive information dissemination system based on the user nodes of online social networks and the interrelationship between users. Promote the dissemination and diffusion of university cultural brand IP information on online social networks using a data-driven approach. The results show that: k value is 0.12, the promotion effect of college culture brand IP is 2.59621e+04, and the relative risk index is 0.354264. Within 0-6 hours, the maximum number of IP views reaches 34,000 times, which indicates that the authority of the college platform and the information diffusion model can improve the diffusion of college culture brand IP.

Review and Outlook on Brand Co-Branded IP

With the development of the industry, brands have experienced a lack of innovation and Homogeneity while the Internet has placed higher demands on them. Therefore, brand co-branding IP as a powerful marketing strategy has become a hot topic of discussion among Chinese and foreign scholars in recent years. This paper presents a review of representative literature on different areas of brand co-branding IP at home and abroad, focusing on the concept of IP and its marketing effects, so as to further sort out the positive and negative effects of brand co-branding IP on consumer behaviour from the perspective of consumers, and then analyse the relevant internal mechanisms of consumer purchasing behaviour, providing reference and ideas for future scholars to study the concept of brand co-branding IP. According to the results of this review, brand co-branding IP is a double-edged sword for brands. A good co-branding can increase customer loyalty and have a positive impact on the brand. At the same time, however, it can also lead to irrational shopping behaviour or negative emotional connections. Therefore, this paper suggests that future scholars could more clearly unify the concept of IP and investigate more long-term and effective forms of brand co-branding IP.

Research on the effect of animation IP dissemination based on social network analysis

Abstract This paper constructs a GCN-based animation IP propagation algorithm based on social network analysis. Through the analysis of social network influence, a topology-based social network influence model is constructed. Combined with the ranking algorithm, the influence size of animation IP nodes is judged. The LDA model was used to construct a huge document set with the character IPs in the animation as documents. The clustering algorithm is used to classify the propagation effect of animation IP nodes, and the interval of animation IP propagation maximization is found by combining the submodular function maximization. The feature extraction of animation IP propagation effect maximization is performed by graph convolutional neural network. Evaluation indexes are constructed to assess the spreading ability of animation IP under social networks. The results show that the spreading power of animation IP with negative celebrity endorsement is −0.1, and the spreading effect of animation IP with positive communication content is 0.6.

TEM Strata Inversion Imaging with IP Effect Based on Enhanced GCN by Extracting Long-Dependency Features

Utilizing neural network models to inverse time-domain electromagnetic signals enables rapid acquisition of electrical structures, a non-intrusive method widely applied in geological and environmental surveys. However, traditional multi-layer perceptron (MLP) feature extraction is limited, struggling with cases involving complex electrical media with induced polarization effects, thereby limiting the inversion model’s predictive capacity. A graph-topology-based neural network model for strata electrical structure imaging with long-dependency feature extraction was proposed. We employ graph convolutional networks (GCN) for capturing non-Euclidean features like resistivity-thickness coupling and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to capture long-dependency features. The LSTM compensates for GCN’s constraints in capturing distant node relationships. Using case studies with 5-strata and 9-strata resistivity models containing induced polarization effects, compared to traditional MLP networks, the proposed model utilizing time-domain features and graph-topology-based electrical structure extraction significantly improves performance. The mean absolute error in inversion misfit is reduced from 10–20% to around 2–3%.

Incidental Parathyroidectomy during Thyroidectomy: Risk Factors and Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Thyroidectomy is a widely used and relatively safe procedure having a major postoperative morbidity of less than 5% for experienced surgeons. Major complications include recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, postoperative hemorrhage and hypocalcemia. Aim of the Work It aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies and reports to identify the risk factors of IP and the effect of IP on postoperative hypocalcemia during thyroidectomy. Patients and Methods We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines during this systematic review and meta-analysis preparation and performed all steps according to the Cochrane handbook of systematic reviews of intervention. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct from 2000 till September 2021 relevant keywords. We used the following search strategy for searching different databases: (“incidental parathyroidectomy” OR “unintentional parathyroidectomy” OR “inadvertent parathyroidectomy”, “thyroidectomy” OR “thyroid surgery” OR “thyroid resection” OR “incidental parathyroidectomy” OR “unintentional parathyroidectomy” OR “inadvertent parathyroidectomy”, “thyroidectomy” OR “thyroid surgery” OR “thyroid resection”) AND (“hypocalcemia” OR “low calcium level” OR “hypocalcemia” OR “hypoparathyroidism”). All the references of the included studies were searched for relevant studies. Results Even in the hands of experienced surgeons, incidental parathyroidectomy can occur during any thyroid operation. The incidence of IP in thyroidectomy ranged from 2.9 percent to 51.1 percent, according to the articles included in our review. Postoperatively, 2.2–50.0 percent of incidentally excised parathyroid glands were identified as intrathyroidal, indicating that complete IP elimination is nearly impossible. However, because 16.7–40.0 percent of incidentally excised parathyroid glands were found in an intracapsular location and 15.7–81.1 percent were found in an extracapsular location, more diligent intraoperative identification of the parathyroid gland may reduce the incidence of IP. We found that malignancy, total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and reoperation are significant risk factors of incidental parathyriodectomy. IP was found to increase the incidence of temporary/ permanent and permanent postoperative hypocalcemia Conclusion Malignancy, total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection, and reoperation are all significant risk factors for IP, according to this meta-analysis. IP was found to increase the incidence of temporary/ permanent and permanent postoperative hypocalcemia.

A Test of a Cognitive Appraisal Model of the Influence of Perceptions of Seriousness and Self-Compassion as Influencing Impostor Experiences

Impostor phenomenon, the feeling of intellectual fraudulence, is commonly experienced by college students and may be predicated in environmental variables. If students feel that others do not take them seriously, they may feel like impostors. Self-compassion is theorized to protect against the effects of impostor phenomenon and negative environmental phenomena. Using cognitive appraisal theory, this study framed the environmental stress of not being taken seriously as possibly resulting in a negative primary appraisal. It was hypothesized that self-compassion and perceptions of seriousness would negatively predict impostor phenomenon. The authors also predicted that self-compassion would moderate the relationship between perceptions of seriousness and impostor phenomenon. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that increased levels of self-compassion were found to be related to fewer reported impostor experiences, ΔF(2, 194) = 76.23, β = –.66, p < .001, ΔR2 = .31, R2 = .44, f2 = .59, but perceptions of seriousness negatively predicted impostor phenomenon, F(1, 195) = 23.56, β = –.32, p < .001, R2 = .11, f2 = .12. Self-compassion was not found to moderate the relationship between perceptions of seriousness and impostor phenomenon, ΔF(3, 193) = 50.62, β = .11, p = .75, ΔR2 = .00, R2 = .44, f2 = .00. Self-compassion is likely a buffer against the effects of IP, but the connections between perceptions of college campuses and impostor features requires further exploration. Further research regarding how self-compassion and perceptions of seriousness influence impostor features in university students is needed. Limitations, implications, and future directions are offered.

Shared Decision-Making as a Genuine Interprofessional Endeavor

Shared Decision-Making as a Genuine Interprofessional Endeavor Abstract. In parallel with the growing complexity of decision-making processes, also the complexity of communication increases. This phenomenon requires adapted communication skills from all professions involved in the treatment of the patient. Consequently, the process of shared decision-making (SDM) also requires the continuous and active involvement of all the professions involved in the care process. Like the concept of interprofessional collaboration (IP), also SDM pursues the goal of creating the best possible framework conditions for the clinical context (in this case, treatment that is "tailored" to the person and agreed with him or her on the basis of his or her preferences and values). The numerous positive effects of both SDM and IP make the integration of both approaches in clinical practice not only an ethical necessity, but also a prerequisite for optimal treatment quality. The specific structure of SDM helps not only in a dyadic decision-making situation between physician and patient. It also encourages the interprofessional team to move away from an individualistic view of a single best solution to a more interprofessional team approach, which benefits both the patient and all the involved caregivers.

콜라보레이션에 적용된 이모티콘의 IP(Intellectual Property) 효과에 관한 연구

In the trend of social and economic development centered on digitalization, emoticons are widely used in SNS as various customized expressions. Internet emoticons are developing into commercial image IPs, and famous brands are constantly collaborating with emoticons in high topicality. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical background of emoticons, to understand the trend of IPization of emoticons, and to present the IP effect of emoticons applied to collaboration in an empirical case analysis method. The range of the study was centered on 5 representative emoticons online. The research method used literature research, market research, comparative analysis of strengths and weaknesses, and survey method. As a result, emoticon IP which is worth developing will have two key features: external visual form and internal emotion. Through the familialization of IP in emoticons, interactive content expansion are possible. Through collaboration with other brands as cross border, IP expands the space for survival as a symbol. So I hope that many studies on the IP effect of emoticons at the time of collaboration will be conducted.

Analysis of Mobile Game Intellectual Property Marketing Strategy: A Case Study of Honor of Kings

The mobile game market is now gradually forming a unique ecological industry chain. Game parties are beginning to look beyond the game experience and focus on building mature game IPs. By creating specific IP to drive the game’s peripheral revenue, strengthen the emotional connection with game users, and achieve the purpose of long-term development. Looking at the domestic market, Honor of Kings, as a phenomenal mobile game in China, its IP development and marketing are of reference learning significance. In this paper, we selected Honor of Kings as the research object, and we collected data through both questionnaire surveys and interviews, using SPSS for statistical analysis. The research analyzed its IP marketing strategy and effect and searched for the factors which affect its IP marketing effect. It finds that the impact of Honor of Kings IP marketing is influenced by the degree of perfection of Honor of Kings worldview, i.e., IP connotation and local cultural awareness. At the same time, we analyzed the IP development process and marketing strategy of Honor of Kings in combination, pointed out its advantages and shortcomings, and gave suggestions to provide new ideas for IP marketing of other game companies.

Desirability-based optimization of bakery products containing pea, hemp and insect flours using mixture design methodology

Simplex lattice design was used to design 15 sponge cakes formulations combining pea (PP), hemp (HP) and insect (IP) flours representing 15% of dough composition. Moisture, protein content, baking loss, specific volume, texture and cost of the 15 samples plus the control (0% added protein) were analysed. Results showed that the effect of PP, HP and IP on cake properties could be modelled with linear regressions (96.80% < R2 < 99.96%). Ternary diagrams showed the effect of the combination of the three proteins in each response. The desirability function was used to obtain a multi-response optimization of the samples with maximum protein, maximum specific volume and minimum incremental cost. Sensory results of the 5 optimised samples showed that by combining 3.75% pea, 3.75% hemp and 7.5% insect it was possible to obtain a dairy- and egg-free sponge cake without significant differences from the control with animal-derived proteins.

Surface integrity and accuracy based aspects in EDM of Cu-based SMA: an experimental investigation with microstructural analysis

ABSTRACT The need for innovative materials has increased in the current era of research and technology. Advanced materials such as shape memory alloys are in great supply in the industrial and commercial sectors. It is a unique and very uncommon metal alloy that can regain its original shape after being subjected to extremely low temperatures. SMAs may be classified as NiTi-based, Cu-based, or Fe-based depending on the metal-combination. Alloys based on copper have excellent elasticity and damping properties that allow them to withstand a broad variety of temperatures. Using the EDM method, this research investigates the effects of Ton, Toff, Ip, and GV on SR and dimensional deviation. 8.87 mm and 4.79 mm are the greatest and lowest values of SR that can be found, respectively. The dimensional deviation ranges from 0.03 mm to 0.28 mm, with a minimum value of 0.03 mm. Ton and Ip have a greater influence on surface roughness than Toff and GV. Images from SEM of workpiece samples show the production of micro-cracks as-well-as macro-ridges on the surface of the sample during EDM operations. SEM micrographs depicted the deviation in the dimensions of the workpiece samples after EDM operations on Cu-based SMA samples.

Measuring perception of mental well-being in patients under isolation precautions: a prospective comparative study

ObjectivesIsolation precautions (IP) are applied to prevent transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings. Potential negative health outcomes experienced by patients have been previously described but results remain conflicting. We aimed...

Regaining the Agricultural Potential of Sodic Soils and Improved Smallholder Food Security through Integration of Gypsum, Pressmud and Salt Tolerant Varieties

ABSTRACT Accumulation of salts in soils is one of the major challenges for food production in vast areas, and reclamation of these soils is too expensive for marginal farmers. We evaluated the existing practice (EP; gypsum application at 50% gypsum requirement (GR) followed by the cultivation of traditional varieties of rice and wheat) and the improved practice (IP; gypsum application at 25%GR+10 Mg ha−1 pressmud followedby the cultivation of salt-tolerant varieties of rice and wheat) at farmers’ fields in Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Effects of these treatments on rice productivity and profitability were evaluated over 3 years from 2011 to 2014. The soils at the study site were sodic (pH 9.2 to 10.4, EC 0.67 to 2.21 dSm−1) with an estimated GR of 8.5 to 13.6 Mg ha−1. All growth parameters recorded at 30-day intervals were significantly higher for IP than for EP, with 36.5% and 39.3% higher straw and grain yields, respectively. Significant interactions between sodicity levels × reclamation practices for grain and straw yields were observed. The use of IP on farmers’ fields with pH values of 9.2, 9.6, 10.0, and 10.4 reduced reclamation costs by 258, 309, 376, and 413 US $ ha−1, respectively. The combination of reduced costs and increased yields in the IP reclamation treatment led to higher returns from rice farming. Because IP effects on yield became better at higher sodicity, only IP led to net profits ≥0 on all sodicity levels within three rice seasons, whereas under EP, this was achieved only for pH levels of 9.2 and 9.6. Soil properties such as pH, EC, organic carbon, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and contents of cations and anions were improved significantly under IP than under EP. Thus, the improved practice of sodic soil reclamation has contributed substantially to improve the soil health, crop productivity, and farm income. Farm income losses reduced substantially after reclamation of soil and improved the livelihood security of resource poor farmers having salt-affected soils. This study suggested that a large part of agricultural land is being abandoned worldwide due to salinity or sodicity and need to be reclaimed on priority basis to improve the land productivity and farm income of resource-poor farmers.

A Case-Control Study of the Effects of Chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis) and Coffee on Parkinson's Disease.

Introduction: Coffee has been inversely associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and caffeine is the leading candidate to mediate this effect. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis, IP), a caffeinated beverage rich in antioxidants consumed in South America, was also inversely associated with PD in one study from Argentina. Other varieties of IP infusion, such as chimarrão, were never studied in PD. Chimarrão is a common caffeinated beverage consumed in Brazil made with the leaves and stems of IP.Methods: A case–control study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between chimarrão ingestion and PD in southern Brazil. All subjects answered a questionnaire about the frequency of chimarrão and coffee intake. A multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was performed to assess the association between PD and chimarrão consumption.Results: We included 200 PD patients and 200 healthy controls. High consumption of chimarrão was inversely associated with PD (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.24–0.81, P = 0.008). High consumption of coffee was also inversely associated with PD, as expected. Chimarrão remained associated when adjusted for coffee consumption, smoking history, and age (OR 0.46, 95% CI = 0.25–0.86, P = 0.014). These two exposures showed an additive effect.Conclusion: Chimarrão consumption was inversely associated with PD, even after adjusting for coffee intake, suggesting a possible protective role. IP's effect can be mediated by caffeine and through its antioxidant components. Chimarrão has a lower concentration of caffeine compared with coffee and has numerous substances with antioxidative effects that may be important to PD protection. Further studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

On negative induced polarization in frequency domain measurements

SUMMARY Induced polarization (IP) has been widely used to non-invasively characterize electrical conduction and polarization in the subsurface resulting from an applied electric field. Earth materials exhibit a lossy capacitance defined by a negative intrinsic phase in frequency-domain IP (FDIP) or a positive intrinsic chargeability in time-domain IP (TDIP). However, error-free positive apparent phase or negative apparent chargeability (i.e. negative IP effects) can occur in IP measurements over heterogeneous media. While negative IP effects in TDIP data sets have been discussed, no studies have addressed this topic in detail for FDIP measurements. We describe theory and numerical modelling to explain the origin of negative IP effects in FDIP measurements. A positive apparent phase may occur when a relatively high polarizability feature falls into negative sensitivity zones of complex resistivity measurements. The polarity of the apparent phase is determined by the distribution of subsurface intrinsic phase and resistivity, with the resistivity impacting the apparent phase polarity via its control on the sensitivity distribution. A physical explanation for the occurrence of positive apparent phase data is provided by an electric circuit model representing a four-electrode measurement. We also show that the apparent phase polarity will be frequency dependent when resistivity changes significantly with frequency (i.e. in the presence of significant IP effects). Consequently, negative IP effects manifest themselves in the shape of apparent phase spectra recorded with multifrequency (spectral IP) data sets. Our results imply that positive apparent phase measurements should be anticipated and should be retained during inversion and interpretation of single frequency and spectral IP data sets.

Cytokinin isopentenyladenine and its glucoside isopentenyladenine-9G delay leaf senescence through activation of cytokinin-associated genes.

Cytokinins (CKs) are well‐known as a class of phytohormones capable of delaying senescence in detached leaves. However, CKs are often treated as a monolithic group of compounds even though dozens of CK species are present in plants with varied degrees of reported biological activity. One specific type of CK, isopentenyladenine base (iP), has been demonstrated as having roles in delaying leaf senescence, inhibition of root growth, and promoting shoot regeneration. However, its N‐glucosides isopentenyladenine‐7‐ and ‐9‐glucoside (iP7G, iP9G) have remained understudied and thought of as inactive cytokinins for several decades, despite their relatively high concentrations in plants such as the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we show that iP and one of its glucosides, iP9G, are capable of delaying senescence in leaves, though the glucosides having little to no activity in other bioassays. Additionally, we performed the first transcriptomic study of iP‐delayed cotyledon senescence which shows that iP is capable of upregulating photosynthetic genes and downregulating catabolic genes in detached cotyledons. Transcriptomic analysis also shows iP9G has limited effects on gene expression, but that the few affected genes are CK‐related and are similar to those seen from iP effects during senescence as seen for the type‐A response regulator ARR6. These findings suggest that iP9G functions as an active CK during senescence.