IoT Concept Research Articles

Smart Agriculture with an Automated IoT-Based Greenhouse System for Local Communities

Nowadays, smart agriculture using wireless communication is replacing the wired system which was difficult to install and manage. Then, this paper introduces a new design for IoT application on the greenhouse, which utilizes different technologies to present a new model for practical implementation in the IoT concept. This design can settle a new method to solve problems in Market Demand, Precision in Operation and supervision. Furthermore, this design can be used in many cases and assist farmers, cropper and planted people to develop their business.

The Real-Time Power Monitoring in Building Using IoT Sensing Method and Knowledge Management Approach

The objective of this research is from overpower consumption problem in the organization by combining the concept of IoT sensing method, which provides online data to a website with the KM-specific technologies. Using knowledge management process is the primary approach to work as the knowledge accumulated, and knowledge distribution method to manipulate power usage procedure in the organization according to data from the monitoring system. Data will collect through in and out the time of staff compared with power using period. The real-time electricity monitoring system determines data as daily, weekly, and monthly. The system installed into two large offices most occupied rooms and also provided statistically calculated to define the hourly energy consumption. The statistical result of the monitoring system is used to one of the factors to create resource planning which is one of knowledge management processes by providing a conceptualized platform for ideas of working without over power consumption limit in the workplace. The result is also valuable to the further analysis of office working hours for each department in the organization. The study shows the efferent data illustration by using the online platform to be one of the driving factors for the working activity development which controlled by knowledge management process to overcome one of the specific problems.

Wireless Sensor Network : A Survey

Internet of Things is a proposed germinates of internet in which everyday objects had network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive patient data. Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers a group of stereo metrically scattered and devoted sensors for observing and recording the physical conditions of ambience and formulate the collected data at central location. Though tremendous work has been done in the field of IOT concept wireless sensor network plays an important role in monitoring the patients and providing a medication. It is hindered from being beneficial to quality of services. This paper provides a survey on various techniques to address the challenges in wireless sensor networks.

An Overview on Security Schemes Based on Elliptic Curve for Cloud-Iot

The Internet of things appears as a solution in order to connect people around the world. With this concept of interconnection, sharing and dissemination of information between different physical objects. Many objects and services in different fields will be created, such as smart homes, e-health, transport and logistics that will make our everyday needs easier. The main characteristic of a connected object is that it must be identifiable, using technologies such as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), must interact with the environment by adding sensory techniques, and finally a connected object must be able to communicate with others. The evolution of Internet of things, increase the number of connected objects. Devices with sensors, generate a huge number of data. With this evolution, the big questions come! how can we control this big data? Cloud Computing a notion that is not newer than the IoT concept, but it's a revolution has steadily been gaining ground. It's a technology that offers to end users a great services in terms of storage, elasticity, analyzing data and other services . In this paper, we cite the benefits of integrating Cloud Computing and Internet of things to manage data provided by physical object and security difficulties that may have this convergence. We also present an overview of the security algorithms proposed in the literature, based on elliptic curves, in order to secure communication between smart objects and cloud computing.

IoT eszközök alkalmazása a döntéshozatal támogatására

Nowadays sensor networks and other systems, based on the IoT concept demonstrate the benefits of their usage, which includes the support of the decision-making process, therefore achieving an optimal result in the context of more and more fields. In this experiment, an additional sensor network has been developed based on a modular system derived from a previous development by means of a target-specific modification of the required modules to measure environmental data in a drying chamber used in food industry. The main objectives include the development of the device, the verification of the measurements of the factory-built device, providing an interface, which is able access the measurement data and after gathering experience from the usage, further developing the system and extending the functionality of the web application. The built-in data acquisition and control system stores the data of the measurements in the form of text files, while our additional data acquisition and control system uses a unified measurement database to store the data. According to the structure, a task-specific application has been developed in order to unify the two sources. Analysis of collected data was performed after running the ETL (extract, transform, load) algorithm converting the transaction-oriented database. The experiment shows so far the benefits of the multi-point measurements by a significant difference between the measured values, so we certainly consider further developments.

A Survey, Design and Analysis of IoT Security and QoS Challenges

IoT is a technological exemplar with a vision of “Everything is connected” enabling everyone to publish their generated data collected from different heterogeneous and homogenous systems onto the web. The basic concept of IoT is connectivity, a set of physical objects that use network support to exchange data. These objects can be software, boards, sensors, etc. In the real end to end network deployment, IoT is a platform and cloud is one part of it. In order to turn the IoT vision into reality high reliability, security and QoS are required to support the communications between the homogenous and heterogeneous networks. The security and QoS are critical factors in the real End to End topology. In this article, the authors proposed the various challenges for IoT security, and IoT routing between the edge and cloud.

Design of Transmission Manager in Heterogeneous WSNs

The current generation of sensor networks are designed to be application-specific, thus are exposed only to a limited set of users. The emerging concept of IoT is expected to house multiple applications with diverse delay requirements. A transmission manager provides an optimal transmission time for transmitting the buffered measurements. In the literature, solutions have been proposed optimizing mainly for single sensing infrastructures. In this work, we first propose an optimal transmission manager that supports multiple applications in a single-hop wireless sensor networks. Then, we extend our solution into a distributed transmission manager to operate in multi-hop WSNs. Both transmission managers work in tandem, and determine the transmission time for every buffered measurement. We implement both solutions in ns3 and compare with other state of the art solutions. Our case studies show that our proposed solution reduces energy consumption by 75 percent compared to the state of the art approaches while having on average 12 percent less expired measurements.

Anomaly Detection Using RFID-Based Information Management in an IoT Context

IoT-based environments may infer anomalies based on the data processed from their heterogeneous sensors. Within the technologies evolving the IoT concept, nowadays the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a de facto standard in areas like retail or logistics. For instance, most retailers attach RFID-labels to their items to avoid stock-out in the inventory or speed up cash processes. Besides identification, RFID provides further RF data which can be used for information management like anomaly detection (i.e. a shoplifting in a RFID loss prevention system). This manuscript presents two IoT scenarios to detect anomalies using multivariate outlier detection methods, uniquely using RFID data. This research empirically evaluates the authors' proposed methods by reproducing a RFID-enabled store, and the two proposed scenarios. The evaluation achieved a False Positive Rate around 0.1% and a True Positive Rate around 87%.

Ethical Implications of Social Internet of Vehicles Systems

The core concept of IoT is to equip real world objects with computing, processing and communicating capabilities to enable socializing between them. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an adherent of IoT that has realized significant advancements using communication technologies. Vehicles connected through Internet are capable of sharing information that can substantially enhance the quality of traffic on roads. Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is an instance of IoT that deals specifically in socialization of connected objects. SIoT enables the notion of Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) where vehicles are the key entities for sharing information between themselves and the infrastructure (commonly known as Road Side Units (RSUs)). Vehicles in SIoV socialize by exchanging data such as traffic congestions, weather conditions, infotainment, vacant parking slots, alternate routes and discount coupons for restaurants etc. In SIoV, vehicles can communicate with other vehicles and infrastructure through traditional communication technologies like Wi-Fi, Cellular networks or through Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) etc. SIoV will be confronted with ethical dilemmas and expected to function in an ethically responsible manner. This paper highlights the ethical implications of SIoV systems. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) involves autonomous decision making that requires setting ethical and moral rules before taking verdict. The article discusses the lack of ethical guidelines in designing and deploying of SIoV systems that are of utmost importance. Finally, an addition to SIoV architecture is proposed to incorporate the ethical and moral principles for scheming the SIoV systems.

Sistem Cerdas Reservasi dan Pemantauan Parkir pada Lokasi Kampus Berbasis Konsep Internet of Things

At present time, the people who use vehicles on the campus is increasing. It makes more difficult to find an empty slot parking area on the campus. This study aims to develop a system parking reservation and monitoring on-campus area using NFC and IoT concept. NFC was used to confirm booking code that generated by the system. In the parking area, ultrasonic sensors were installed to detect parking space availability. IoT concept has been applied to build this system. Apps on users smartphone can do the reservation process to the desired parking location via internet. Black box testing was done by building a prototype using the number of data locations parking slots in the Andalas University. The test results showed that this system has been able to detect the location of vacant parking slots and do reservations with time for sending data to the server is 0.7952 sec.

Analysis of RF 433 MHz communication in home monitoring prototype

The technological revolution called of Things or simply IoT, it aims to connect the items used daily Internet and other devices such as computers and smartphones. It coupled with the advent of APPS (Application to Embedded Devices) arose with the ability to make devices that were merely passive, since it only received commands in active devices capable of controlling devices and report on their conditions operation. Thus, many of the basic components used to provide communications are increasingly becoming commonplace. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze and study this kind of communication signal via radio frequency from a prototype device to detect leakage and temperature of the gas cylinder. The communication for analysis will be done by RF transmitter and receiver modules present in alarm systems, remote control, data acquisition and robotics in general. The contribution of this project is to evaluate the use of this type of communication to provide connections for possible household devices that will absorb the concept of IoT.

Possibilities of transfer process data from PLC to Cloud platforms based on IoT

This article is based on efficient and user-friendly remote control of the real device via internet by PLC with using Cloud platforms. For control it is used Industrial IoT Gateway, which storages and processes data through several CLOUD platforms. The main aim is to introduce a solution for transmission of process data between PLC and Cloud platforms in laboratory of industrial automation and distributed control Systems within the VSB - Technical University of Ostrava. It can be used for this IoT concept mechatronic tasks in laboratory. Another important part is to compare latency of process data between a real device (mechatronic tasks) and CLOUD platforms. Demonstration example of using this solution compares two Cloud Platform. The first commercial platform is from company IBM and second free platform is from company Ubidots. A part of the demonstration of reached results is also available visualization.

Software Implementation of Secure Firmware Update in IoT Concept

This paper focuses on a survey of secure firmware update in the Internet of Things, design and description of safe and secure bootloader implementation on RFID UHF reader, encryption with AES-CCM and versioning with use of external backup flash memory device. In the case of problems with HW compatibility or other unexpected errors with new FW version, it is possible to downgrade to previous FW image, including the factory image. Authentication is provided by the UHF RFID service tag used to extract unique initialization vector of the encryption algorithm for each update session. The results show slower update speed with this new upgrade method of approximately 27% compared to older one, using the only AES-CBC algorithm.

An IoT System for Remote Monitoring of Patients at Home

Application areas that utilize the concept of IoT can be broadened to healthcare or remote monitoring areas. In this paper, a remote monitoring system for patients at home in IoT environments is proposed, constructed, and evaluated through several experiments. To make it operable in IoT environments, a protocol conversion scheme between ISO/IEEE 11073 protocol and oneM2M protocol, and a Multiclass Q-learning scheduling algorithm based on the urgency of biomedical data delivery to medical staff are proposed. In addition, for the sake of patients’ privacy, two security schemes are proposed—the separate storage scheme of data in parts and the Buddy-ACK authorization scheme. The experiment on the constructed system showed that the system worked well and the Multiclass Q-learning scheduling algorithm performs better than the Multiclass Based Dynamic Priority scheduling algorithm. We also found that the throughputs of the Multiclass Q-learning scheduling algorithm increase almost linearly as the measurement time increases, whereas the throughputs of the Multiclass Based Dynamic Priority algorithm increase with decreases in the increasing ratio.

設備構造およびサービス識別子の構造化による一元的な制御設備管理の効率化

It is said to be coming the era of "Internet of things" (IoT). In this field, various things connect to the network. In addition, the using of IoT is rapidly becoming the most popular concepts in the industry of Factory Automation and Control System Management. IoT concept makes a new opportunity on analyzing and intelligent component packages. However, the IoT concept caused the problem of the management for consistent identifiers. To solve this problem, we propose two techniques. The first technique is "Structured ID" that is able to define complicated structure of control systems using IDs on tree structure. The second technique is "Relational link" that is able to describe meaning for subset of structured IDs. Our proposal techniques reduced the development cost of control system manager to 1/3. Additionally, we are providing two products using these techniques.

RTミドルウェアを用いたIoT教育教材開発とその運用

In developing the lecture to learn the concept of IoT by lecture and practical skills, teaching materials for practical skills were developed using RT-Middleware. In realizing from sensing to data aggregation and visualization via network, RT-Middleware maintains effectiveness from single board PC utilization to load distribution and network access, and it was informative to realize intuitive teaching material development in a short time. Discuss the effectiveness with the past two operation experiences.

(Invited) Transparent Top Gate Oxide TFT with ITO/Ag/ITO Low Resistance Electrode for the Application to the High Speed Operation Fingerprint Sensor Array in the Touch Panel

As personal mobile devices have been improved and concept of IoT has been introduced into every objects as well as computers or tablet PCs, the importance of security for personal information has surfaced as a serious issue. For that reason, many related industries have been taking profound interests in fingerprint verification technology. One of the most attractive research should be manufacturing capacitive-typed fingerprint sensor array which is transparent and able to be embedded in the touch panel. The fingerprint sensor based on oxide thin film transistor (TFT) array is one of the solution for the high resolution and high speed operation. Furthermore, this transparent oxide TFT array has price competitiveness due to the simple structure and can be successfully adopted to the flexible IoT devices in comparison to the semiconductor technology based on the silicon.Since capacitive-typed high speed operation fingerprint sensor array consists of 500 ppi resolution pixels with one TFT and one capacitor, low resistance transparent electrode are essential to obtain high transparency. Well-known transparent electrode material, Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO), has 10Ω/sq of sheet resistance at 150nm-thick that may not be enough to manufacture fingerprint sensor array embedded in the display panels. Representative low-resistance metal, Ag, has difficulty in use not only for electrode of oxide TFT but the sensing electrode due to its low transparency. Within the level that its transparency satisfies requirement, however, inserting Ag layer between both sides of ITO layers definitely helps resistance decreases.For the reduction of capacitance within the array, minimum width of electrode patterns used for the fingerprint sensor array is less than 5㎛ and dry etching process plays a vital role in patterning ITO/Ag/ITO triple layers. Although ITO and Ag can be etched in the same way by dry gas based on Cl, the difference on etch rates of the two materials possibly generates some problem like Ag exposure at the side of etched profile. It can surely cause a great change on the final properties of TFTs, and that is the reason why dry etching process should be a core technology in this case. As mentioned above, Cl2 and Ar are mainly used as etching gas for both ITO and Ag in this study [1], but their etch rates are greatly different from each other. We found out that ITO had been etched five times faster than Ag, so that a protrusion of Ag edge had been inevitable from the ITO edge during the triple dry etching sequences although we had put only 10nm-thick Ag in the middle. To solve this problem, we used two methods mostly to modify dry etching recipe for removing by-product that might be formed by Ag exposure in air; one is using O2 gas instead of Ar as a base gas during main etching, especially later in the process, the other is insertion of additional ashing step with O2gas after the main etching process.In this study, we fabricated top gate structured TFT applied with ITO/Ag/ITO triple stack as a source/drain in order to verify good characteristics of the triple layers as transparent electrode. As described above, we developed the dry etching conditions which didn’t have a bad effect on contact property, and also confirmed final characteristics of the top gate structured TFT. This top gate structured TFT included Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) as an active layer and Al2O3as a gate insulator. TFT post annealed at 300℃ showed mobility, Von, S.S, and hysteresis of 15.6㎤/V.s, 0.3V, 0.1V/dec., and almost 0V, respectively, and moreover, study on stability and analysis depending on various dimensions of TFT channel will be proceeded. Furthermore, we are currently working on analysis of stacked films by TEM to investigate Ag film which may be degenerated during post annealed process or oxidized by exposure in air.Obtaining outstanding TFT properties with ITO/Ag/ITO triple stack as a source/drain layer means that we developed etched profile which does not influence TFT operation at all, and what is more, it can stand comparison with other transparent materials applied to fingerprint sensor embedded display panel. Besides, totally transparent high resolution transistor array will be fully valuable for new transparent display application such as augmented reality.[1] Y.J. Lee, S.D. Park, B.K. Song, S.-G Kim, H.-H, Choe, M.-P. Hong and G.-Y, Yeom, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 42 (2003) pp.286-290This work was supported by Open Innovation Lab Project from National Nanofab Center (NNFC).

Wirelessly Interfacing Objects and Subjects of Healthcare System – IoT Approach

Wireless sensor networks, WSN, for which development has begun by military applications, are nowadays applied to all human activities; e.g . in medicine for patience monitoring or to reduce the effects of disasters. Therefore, the WSNs area has been also one of the emerging and fast growing scientific fields. Increasing interest of WSNs is even caused by equally intense growth of interest in the Internet of Things domain, IoT, in which WSNs constitute a significant part. These reasons have brought about developing low cost, low-power and multi-function sensor nodes. However, the major fact that sensor nodes run quickly out of energy has been an issue and many energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed to solve this problem. Case study presented in this paper concern design of WSN in IoT concept from system lifetime perspective. A hierarchical routing technique, which shows energy efficiency, has been validated. Simulation results show that chosen technique prolongs the lifetime of the WSN compared to other investigated clustering schemes. The advantages of this method are validated by comparative studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.22.3.15317

Database Development for the Urgent Department of Hospital based on Tagged Entity Storage Following the IoT Concept

Abstract: This paper deals with creating the database for the urgent department of the Faculty Hospital of Ostrava. The database is based on the concept of the Internet Of Things. Selected elements are saved to the database using low-cost identifiers that also creates records of use. It is described analysis of the urgent environment and the working process and working environment of the emergency department. It was also necessary to make analysis of each part which will be entered into the process of making electronic registration and medical records as RFID technology, passive tags, WiFi network, etc. It was developed medical database where are stored medical registration and records thanks RFID technology. For the database MySQL database server with client MySQL Workbench 5.2.42.CE application was used. In this paper is also described its implementation and testing's involved.

Fractal Modeling for Multi-Tier Heterogeneous Networks with Ultra-High Capacity Demands

Technology evolution and business interest to emerging IoT concept are driving the rapid development of advanced applications. Multitude of Internet connected devices and things in combination with the cloud based data analytics and knowledge based technologies are major components for the future IoT concept. This results in big data demands that need to be transmitted in over mobile network and requires new intelligent approaches to the network design. In this paper, a new deterministic approach for analysis of multi-tier heterogeneous network is proposed based on the fractal geometry. Proposed solution is well tractable and suitable for every possible topology of heterogeneous network, providing exact information about network capacity and co-channel interference. Two fractal models were developed based on triangular and rectangular pattern and basic geometric equations were derived for multi-tier network topology. Frequency reuse problem was addressed based on the proposed fractal model for cellular and wireless backhaul spectrum and optimal tradeoff between cellular and backhaul capacity was found. Performance simulations show that proposed fractal modeling provides more accurate network analysis in terms of capacity and interference influence in multi-tier heterogeneous networks.