iOS Application Research Articles

The Universal Module for Integration of an Intelligent Assistant into iOS Applications

Investigated current implementations of the integration of intelligent assistants into mobile applications. Identified key disadvantages of existing implementations and formed the criteria for a universal intelligent assistant. Developed a proprietary software module for integrating an intelligent assistant into iOS application, which provides autonomy, minimal resource requirements, and simplifies the development process. Created a photo editor application to test the operation of the software module. The test results were presented and further development prospects were described.

Implementing Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Pipelines for Large-Scale iOS Applications

Continuous integration and continuous deployment pipelines have become essential components of modern software development, particularly in creating large-scale iOS apps. The automation of procedures for creating, testing, and deploying is facilitated by them, which results in an increase in both the speed and reliability of the release process. The complexity and scope of the codebase, the need for rigorous testing across a broad range of devices and operating system versions, and the regular necessity of updates to address bugs or bring new features all contribute to the conclusion that continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines are an integral component of major iOS projects. The integration of continuous integration with continuous delivery provides developers with the assurance that code changes are automatically tested and delivered, hence lowering the need for human intervention, and reducing the chance of mistakes. In addition, this arrangement makes it possible to do parallel testing, which is useful when working with many test cases and device configurations. It is also possible to design continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines to do tests for code quality, security scans, or other automated checks, which will ensure that the codebase is not compromised.By increasing communication among development teams, continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines in big iOS projects provide yet another key advantage. It guarantees that every member of the team always has access to the most recent version of the code, which is essential in situations when many teams are working on various aspects or components of the application. In addition, continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines enhance software quality by accelerating feedback loops, which enables engineers to resolve problems more expediently. Nevertheless, the establishment of continuous integration and continuous delivery pipelines for large-scale iOS apps involves several issues, such as the management of build times, the certification of compatibility with various devices, and the upkeep of the infrastructure. It is necessary to carefully design and optimize the CI/CD procedures to overcome these problems. This may be accomplished by choosing the appropriate tools and configurations adapted to the project's requirements.

Carbohydrate Content Classification Using Postprandial Heart Rate Responses from Non-Invasive Wearables.

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes underscores the need for technological innovations aimed at enhancing diabetes management by aiding individuals in monitoring their dietary intake. This has resulted in the development of technologies capable of tracking the timing and content of an individual's meals. However, the ability to use non-invasive wearables to estimate or classify the carbohydrate content of the food an individual has just consumed remains a relatively unexplored area. This study investigates carbohydrate content classification using postprandial heart rate responses from non-invasive wearables. We designed and developed timeStampr, an iOS application for collecting timestamps essential for data labeling and establishing ground truth. We then conducted a pilot study in controlled, yet naturalistic settings. Data were collected from 23 participants using an Empatica E4 device worn on the upper arm, while each participant consumed either low-carbohydrate or carbohydrate-rich foods. Due to sensor irregularities with dark skin tones and non-compliance with the study's health criteria, we excluded data from three participants. Finally, we configured and trained a Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) model for carbohydrate content classification. Our classifiers demonstrated robust performance, with the carbohydrate content classification model consistently achieving at least 84% in accuracy, precision, recall, and AUCROC within a 60 s window. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of postprandial heart rate responses from non-invasive wearables in carbohydrate content classification.

The Role of Core Data in Managing Complex Data Models in iOS Applications: A Performance-Oriented Approach

The Role of Core Data in Managing Complex Data Models in iOS Applications: A Performance-Oriented Approach

A machine learning approach for skin lesion classification on iOS: implementing and optimizing a convolutional transfer learning model with Create ML

The integration of machine learning (ML) into mobile applications presents unique challenges, particularly in resource-constrained environments such as iOS devices. Skin lesion classification is a critical task in dermatology, where accurate and efficient diagnostic tools can significantly aid in early detection of malignant lesions. This study aims to implement a machine learning-based iOS mobile application and develop a binary classification model for skin lesion images to determine whether a lesion is malignant. The research utilized Create ML to develop a convolutional neural network optimized for iOS, employing a transfer learning approach. A logistic regression model was cascaded with the convolutional neural network N to enhance classification accuracy. The model's performance was assessed through various validation metrics, ensuring its robustness and efficiency within the constraints of mobile hardware. A curated dataset from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration archive was used for training and testing. The model achieved an accuracy of 92%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 93%, and an F1-score of 91% in classifying skin lesions. These metrics validate the model's efficacy in identifying malignant lesions. Data curation involved collecting, labeling, and preparing a dataset from publicly available sources, ensuring the inclusion of diagnostically relevant features. The final model was integrated into an iOS application using Core ML and Vision frameworks. The developed application demonstrates reliable performance in classifying skin lesions with high accuracy on iOS devices. The inclusion of comprehensive performance metrics justifies the efficacy of the proposed approach. Future work will explore enhancements in model architecture and object detection capabilities to further improve diagnostic precision and application usability.

Analysis of Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities in Mobile Payment Applications

Skepticism about security of mobile payment applications has plagued user adoption of such platforms in some countries. Software developers have generally de-emphasized core principles guiding delivering safe mobile applications since for mobile payment applications, movement of monetary value is their priority. We find in surveyed literature that this situation is prevalent in low economy/low financial inclusion countries. Selected were 50 Fintech and traditional banks m-payment applications in both high and lower economic and technological advancement (high E&T apps and lower E&T apps respectively) countries in Africa. This work may have significance in finance or economy, but it is mainly to unravel cybersecurity concerns. The analyses (static and dynamic) of the applications targeted top ten vulnerabilities on 2023 Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) and Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP) lists. The study employed Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) as the primary tool for both Android and iOS application while Automated Security Risk Assessment (AUSERA) tool was used to validate the vulnerabilities reported by MobSF. Results show that traditional m-payment apps were generally more secure than Fintech m-payment apps. In the later category, vulnerabilities under information leakage and cryptography category were the most prevalent. On the average, no marked difference was observed in security performance between high E&T apps and lower E&T apps. Incorrect default permission, cleartext storage of sensitive information, use of risky cryptographic algorithm, use of insufficiently random values and information exposure were the most prevalent vulnerabilities. Conversely, insecure implementation of SSL and trusting all certificates or accepting self-signed certificates had fewest occurrences. Poor code quality was the highest source of security vulnerabilities in the study. Declining statistics of SMS leakage in recent studies was confirmed in this work. The most implemented security measure was certificate pinning for preventing or detecting man-in-the-middle attack.

Security Considerations in iOS App Development: Encryption, Authentication, and Secure Data Storage

Abstract: Security is a paramount concern in iOS app development, as sensitive user data must be protected from unauthorized access and breaches. This scholarly article explores essential security measures, focusing on encryption protocols, authentication mechanisms, and secure data storage techniques specific to iOS platforms. By examining industry-standard encryption algorithms, secure authentication methods, and best practices for data storage, this study aims to provide developers with the knowledge and tools necessary to build robust and resilient iOS applications. Real-world case studies and practical implementation guidelines are presented to illustrate the effective application of these security measures. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting a comprehensive security approach to foster user trust and confidence in mobile applications

Augmented Horizons: Development and Impact of Augmented Reality on Atmospheric Education

Educational media serve as a supporting component in learning, offering benefits to enhance student engagement, interactivity, and interest in learning. The media employed should align with current advancements in science and technology, one of which is Augmented Reality (3D), a medium capable of projecting virtual objects into reality. This study aims to 1) Produce an AR media design for high school geography education on atmospheric topics, 2) Determine the feasibility of using AR-based media for such geography education. The creation of the Augmented Reality (3D) educational media utilizes the Borg and Gall (1989) model, which comprises ten development steps. This media creation employs Unity 3D software and supporting applications such as Vuforia, Cinema 4D, and Corel Draw. The development of this educational media resulted in two products: a smartphone application (for Android and iOS) named Cloud AR and its accompanying book, both of which meet UNESCO standards. Based on the research findings, the developed educational media is deemed suitable for use, with a score of 85.16% and classified in the suitable category.

Development of E-Marketing Model Based on Android/iOS Application for Whale Shark Tourist Destination in Botubarani Village, Bonebolango Regency, Gorontalo

This research is a research conducted to develop an android/iOS application-based e-marketing model in whale shark tourist destinations, Botubarani Village, Bonebolango Regency as one of the marketing media. This research was raised with the premise that information and communication technology is growing. Where information is available and can be accessed anytime and anywhere. The objective of this study is to create an e-marketing model for Whale Shark Tourist Destination in Botubarani Village, utilizing android/iOS platforms. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach with the main material in the form of primary and secondary data which aims to develop an e-marketing model based on android / iOS applications. Prototyping is an approach in software development that allows interaction between system developers and system users. The results of this study resulted in an android/iOS-based application developed as a marketing model for whale shark tourist destinations in Botubarani Village.

Feasibility of Using Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging Technology for Contactless 3D Body Scanning and Anthropometric Assessment of Athletes.

The scope of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using the laser imaging detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology for contactless 3D body scanning of sports athletes and deriving anthropometric measurements of the lower limbs using available software. An Apple iPad Pro 3rd Generation with embedded LiDAR technology in combination with the iOS application Polycam were used. The effects of stance width, clothing, background, lighting, scan distance and measurement speed were initially assessed by scanning the lower limbs of one test person multiple times. Following these tests, the lower limbs of 12 male and 10 female participants were scanned. The resulting scans of the lower limbs were complete for half of the participants and categorized as good in quality, while the other scans were either distorted or presented missing data around the shank and/or the thigh. Bland-Altman plots between the LiDAR-based and manual anthropometric measures showed good agreement, with the coefficient of determination from correlation analysis being R2 = 0.901 for thigh length and R2 = 0.830 for shank length, respectively. The outcome of this pilot study is considered promising, and a further refinement of the proposed scanning protocol and advancement of available software for 3D reconstruction are recommended to exploit the full potential of the LiDAR technology for the contactless anthropometric assessment of athletes.

(082) Erectile Dysfunction: Tool to Break Men's Sexual Stigma

Abstract Introduction Statistics reveal that a significant number of men, particularly those over the age of 30 and 50, experience some form of erectile dysfunction (ED). Shockingly, 8 out of 10 men suffering from ED do not take any proactive measures to treat or prevent it. This rise in ED cases has been closely linked to the increasing rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, with hypertension also being a contributing factor. As of 2017, nearly half of all adults in the US (47%, or 116 million) had hypertension. Unfortunately, many men choose to conceal or remain silent about their struggles with ED, primarily due to the social stigma that surrounds this issue. Objective Our goal is to break the stigma surrounding men’s sexual health, transform men's attitudes towards their intimate well-being, and encourage them to proactively prioritize it. We aim to encourage men to pay more attention to their sexual health and empower them to lead long, fulfilling intimate lives while also seeking timely medical assistance when needed. Methods We have developed a mobile application for iOS that allows men anonymously to discreetly monitor, maintain, and enhance their sexual health. The application offers the following features: 1. Physical and relaxation exercises, alongside a sexual activity tracker, enabling users to record details about sexual encounters, masturbation, and erection quality. For instance, the tracker revealed that men reported engaging in masturbation 40% more frequently than participating in sexual activities. Additionally, 17.8% of users experienced incomplete erections during intercourse, while a significant 71% of men were affected by varying degrees of erectile dysfunction (ED). 2. Educational content: Articles categorized into topics such as sexual education, diseases, sexual education for children and teenagers, gender identity, and more. 3. Regular "Check-up" feature helps users keep track of recommended tests based on their age, providing reminders for scheduled doctor's visits. It is important to note that the application doesn't replace a visit to a doctor. In June 2023, a user survey was conducted to assess the impact of the application on men's health, and 57 male participants were recruited from the app's user base, voluntarily participating in the study. Results The findings revealed that the majority of participants reported positive changes in their sexual health after using the application. 1. 75% reported a general improvement in their sexual health. These positive changes encompassed various aspects of sexual well-being, such as erectile function, libido, orgasm intensity, and overall satisfaction. 2. 42% reported an improvement in the quality of their erections. 3. 23% experienced more intense orgasms. 4. 25% reported an increase in their libido. 5. 42% became more aware of their sexual health. Conclusions The survey findings suggest that the app may have contributed to improvements in various aspects of sexual well-being, including erection quality, orgasm intensity, libido, and sexual health awareness. The results highlight the potential value of the application as a tool for men seeking to monitor, enhance, and unlock the full potential of their sexual health. Disclosure No.

Mobile health applications for epilepsy in Indian app stores: A systematic review and content analysis using the mobile app rating scale

ObjectiveThe growing prevalence of smartphones may prompt individuals with epilepsy to pursue unfulfilled healthcare requirements through mobile health (mHealth) apps, but the content and quality of these mHealth apps are rarely analysed. Hence, this study aimed to identify and assess the quality of epilepsy apps for patients with epilepsy (PWE), their caregivers, and healthcare practitioners (HCPs) available in the Play Store and App Store of India. MethodsWe performed a systematic search on the Google Play Store and Apple App Store of India to identify the mHealth apps for epilepsy which were released and updated till May 2023. The identified applications were downloaded and the quality was assessed using a Mobile app rating scale (MARS) for the overall quality, Aesthetics, Engagement, Functionality, and Information by three independent reviewers. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the interrater reliability between the reviewers. An unpaired t-test was calculated to analyse the difference in mean scores for Android and iOS applications. ResultsThe systematic search yielded a total of 2518 apps, out of which 26 were selected for inclusion in the study. Among these, 9 apps were compatible with Android, 11 with iOS, and 6 on both platforms. The mean (SD) MARS score of the apps was 3.5 (0.6) and the ICC for the overall app quality was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.96). Overall, apps scored highest in functionality (3.9), followed by aesthetics (3.6), information (3.3), and engagement (3.2). Among the included apps, the overall quality score was found to be higher for iOS apps than Android (MD = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.02 – 1.07; p-value: 0.042). ConclusionOur study identified twenty-six mHealth applications for epilepsy that integrated various aspects of epilepsy self-management. The results of this study emphasize the importance of ensuring that current and future applications offer evidence-based information, integrate features that align with patient preferences, and generate evidence regarding the effectiveness of application usage.

Обзор и сравнение способов реализации интерфейса iOS-приложений

Рассмотрены основные способы верстки интерфейса в мобильных приложениях для системы iOS, выбор критериев для их сравнения. Проведен сравнитель-ный анализ существующих способов верстки по выбранным критериям. На основе прак-тического опыта работы в работе также дано краткое описание каждого рассмот-ренного способа создания интерфейса для приложения iOS. The main methods of interface layout in mobile applications for the iOS system, selection of criteria for their comparison are considered. A comparative analysis of the existing layout methods was carried out according to the selected criteria. Based on practical experi-ence, a brief description of each discussed method of creating an interface for the iOS applica-tion is also given.

IOS application-side secure packet decryption of the mobile framework

Abstract In transferring the data to the iOS client, the data needs to go through a communication tunnel and be decoded as plaintext information within the client. As a powerful dynamic pile inserter, Frida has played a significant role in decryption and reverse engineering for iOS applications. An attacker can use Frida to decrypt the iOS client for malicious actions like data tampering and destruction. This paper aims to explore client decryption methods for mPaas and BonreeAgent.

Smartphone-based augmented reality patient education in radiation oncology

We built an augmented reality (AR) patient education application for portable iOS and Android devices that allows patients to view a virtual simulation of themselves receiving radiation treatment. We created software that reads data from the clinical treatment planning system and renders the patient’s actual radiotherapy plan in AR on a tablet or smartphone. The patient's CT simulation data are converted into a 3D translucent virtual human shown being treated with visible radiation beams from a virtual linear accelerator. We conducted a patient study to determine if showing patients this AR simulation improves patient understanding of radiotherapy and/or reduces anxiety about treatment. A total of 75 patients completed this study. The most common plans were 3D breast tangents and intensity modulated radiotherapy lung plans. Patients were administered questionnaires both before and after their AR viewing experience. After their AR viewing, 95% of patients indicated that they had a better understanding of how radiotherapy will be used to treat their cancer. Of the 35 patients who expressed anxiety about radiotherapy beforehand, 21 (60%) indicated that they had decreased anxiety after the AR session. In our single-arm prospective patient study, we found that this simplified low-cost tablet-based personalized AR simulation can be a helpful educational tool for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.

A Couch Mounted Smartphone-based Motion Monitoring System for Radiation Therapy

PurposeSurface-guided radiation-therapy (SGRT) systems are being adopted into clinical practice for patient setup and motion monitoring. However, commercial systems remain cost prohibitive to resource-limited clinics around the world. Our aim is to develop and validate a smartphone-based application using LiDAR cameras (such as on recent Apple iOS devices) for facilitating SGRT in low-resource centers. The proposed SGRT application was tested at multiple institutions, and validated using phantoms and volunteers against various commercial systems to demonstrate feasibility. Methods and MaterialsAn iOS application was developed in Xcode and written in Swift using the Augmented-Reality (AR) Kit and implemented on an Apple iPhone 13 Pro with a built-in LiDAR camera. The application contains multiple features: 1) visualization of both the camera and depth video feeds (at a ∼60Hz sample-frequency), 2) region-of-interest (ROI) selection over the patient's anatomy where motion is measured, 3) chart displaying the average motion over time in the ROI, and 4) saving/exporting the motion traces and surface map over the ROI for further analysis. The iOS application was tested to evaluate depth measurement accuracy for: 1) different angled surfaces, 2) different field-of-views over different distances, and 3) similarity to a commercially available SGRT systems (Vision RT AlignRT® and Varian IDENTIFY™) with motion phantoms and healthy volunteers across three institutions. Measurements were analyzed using linear-regressions and Bland-Altman analysis. ResultsCompared to the clinical system measurements (reference), the iOS application showed excellent agreement for depth (r=1.000,p<0.0001; bias=-0.07±0.24cm) and angle (r=1.000,p<0.0001; bias=0.02±0.69°) measurements. For free-breathing traces, the iOS application was significantly correlated to phantom motion (institute 1: r=0.99,p<0.0001; bias=-0.003±0.03cm; institute 2: r=0.98,p<0.0001; bias=-0.001±0.10cm; institute 3: r=0.97,p<0.0001; bias=0.04±0.06cm) and healthy volunteer motion (institute 1: r=0.98,p<0.0001; bias=-0.008±0.06cm; institute 2: r=0.99,p<0.0001; bias=-0.007±0.12cm; institute 3: r=0.99,p<0.0001; bias=-0.001±0.04cm). ConclusionThe proposed approach using a smartphone-based application provides a low-cost platform that could improve access to surface-guided radiation therapy accounting for motion.

Remote Monitoring of Patients after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Mobile Phone Application to Report Symptoms, Vital Signs and Activity in Real Time

Introduction: One of the major obstacles for early inpatient discharge after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) is, aside from frailty and bloodwork required, the high risk for infections and the need for monitoring of graft versus host disease (GvHD). This requires frequent hospital visits which are often a challenge especially when travelling to hospitals imposes significant costs for the patient. Furthermore, structured data acquisition in the home care setting is missing. Methods: We have developed a fully patient centered, easy to operate mobile phone application for aHSCT patients that allows for treatment specific symptom reporting. In combination with a wearable device (smart watch), a blood pressure monitor and a thermometer, this application incorporates online monitoring of all major vital signs in almost real time. The application currently captures more than 50 static and dynamic metrics relevant for aSCT and provides a photo function to capture skin images in a patient specific image library. Daily symptom reporting can be performed as often as necessary and data from wearable devices are obtained in very high frequency. Symptom reporting includes information on general wellbeing, nausea, oral mucositis, bowel movement frequency and consistency, information on oral calorie and fluid uptake, and it captures and calculates body surface areas affected by rash. All data are streamed in almost real time and displayed on a browser-based dashboard to the healthcare team. The user interface for the physician dashboard was developed using the React JavaScript library whereas the mobile application utilized React Native to enable Android and iOS applications. The collection, storage, and presentation of patient data via the physician dashboard is facilitated using various AWS technologies such as Lambda, S3 and Timestream. Data can be stored according to federal laws and regulations the software is operating in. Access to the dashboard is center-specific and secured by a dual verification process. Summary: Daily symptom reporting by the patient is easy, comprehensive and can be completed within minutes. Data from wearable devices are obtained 24/7 at high frequency. All data are displayed on a dashboard to the corresponding physician with only a few minutes delay. The system captures vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, pulse, breathing rate, oxygen saturation, etc.) and GvHD related symptoms such as skin rash including body surface area affected, and frequency/volume of bowel movements. It provides information based on the patient's physical activity, food intake, fluid intake, sleeping patterns in a structured fashion. The physician's dashboard displays all transplant relevant static information like HLA match, conditioning regimen, type of immunosuppression, ABO incompatibility, serologies of patient and donor. It displays all data reported longitudinally and allows physicians to observe trends and developments providing interactive graphs on each metrics. It provides a medication plan that captures daily dosage, duration of treatment and calculates cumulative doses. Changes in medication and dosing will alert the patient on the mobile phone application. All data can be obtained in a structured fashion for research purposes by the participating institution. Conclusion: This mobile phone application in combination with a wearable device allows for remote monitoring of patients after aHSCT. Its function is comprehensive and not only provides structured data, but allows for monitoring success of medical treatment. It is developed in a modular fashion that can be easily adapted to specific requirements in other cell therapies such CAR CD19, AML induction therapies or autologous SCT.

Особенности работы с сетевыми соединениями при разработке iOS-приложения для удаленного взаимодействия с устройством электроимпедансной томографии

The creation of native information systems for mobile devices in healthcare facilities is becoming increasingly important in light of the need for remote monitoring of patients» condition. This need is due to the necessity for medical staff to constantly monitor patient condition in order to make quick decisions in the case of an emergency. In this regard the article is devoted to the technical aspects of developing a mobile application for remote interaction with an electrical impedance tomography device. Unlike well-known solutions, which use Bluetooth technology for information transfer, this article focuses on the study of the features of working with ­TCP sockets, which are an integral part of data transfer between the electrical impedance tomography machine and a mobile device. Also, the use of ­TCP sockets is due to the existing implementation of this technology in an electrical impedance tomography device made for its integration with a lung ventilator. The article discusses the main aspects of developing a system for remote interaction with medical equipment using the example of an electrical impedance tomography device. An application prototype developed for the i­OS operating system to test the applicability of the proposed approach is described. The authors of the article describe methods for receiving graphic data, and also discuss possible problems and solutions related to working with ­TCP sockets in a mobile application.

Peran Harga dan Citra Merek dalam Mediasi Pengaruh E-Word to Mouth terhadap Keputusan Pembelian melalui Aplikasi TikTok

Currently, people in Indonesia need a way to shop that is easy and also reliable. The existence of the TikTok application is the answer to this problem in addition to its main function as an entertainment application that can be used with the Android or IOS application operating system. This study aims to determine whether price, brand image affect purchase intention by e-Word of Mouth mediation in using the TikTok application. This research method uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 130 consumers as measured by a scale of 1 to 5. Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) is used in the analysis of this study to test external and internal models. The results of this study indicate that price, brand image have a significant impact on purchase intention. Through mediation variables e-Word of Mouth. So that the TikTok application can answer consumer questions and problems, simplify, and increase daily purchases. Nowadays, people need a way to shop that is easy, with prices and products that are suitable to save time and additional costs.

Design of Android and IoS Applications for Mobile Health Monitoring Devices

This research proposes a multifunctional wireless health monitoring tool with a display for Android and iOS devices. This research aims to develop a realistic solution for real-time and conveniently accessible health monitoring via mobile devices. The device allows users to test and track health factors such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, body temperature, and blood glucose. It collects data properly by using wireless technology and sensors. The data is subsequently supplied to the appropriate apps on Android and iOS devices. The data is presented visually in the program, making it instructive and user-friendly. The device's development technique involved extensive testing and validation against established comparators to assure accuracy. The results of this study show that this digital, multi-purpose health monitoring device works well and reliably to give real-time health information. This innovation promotes health monitoring and digital health information access.