IOP Measurements Research Articles

Assessing biomechanical corrections: A comparison between Corvis ST and ICare tonometer for intraocular pressure measurement

This study aims to compare the accuracy of IOP measurements in pediatric patients using two different tonometers: ICare PRO and Corvis ST (CST). However, the choice of tonometers may vary between screening centers, depending on patient suitability. To address this, we enrolled 30 patients with retinopathy of prematurity over a period of 33 days for experimentation. A head-to-head comparison revealed a strong correlation between the Corvis ST (CST) and ICare PRO tonometers (r = 0.867). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in IOP values obtained with the Corvis ST (CST) and ICare PRO tonometers (P > 0.05). However, it is worth noting that the Corvis ST (CST) measurements were significantly higher than those obtained from the ICare PRO tonometers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Corvis ST (CST) tonometer exhibits a high correlation coefficient comparable to that of the ICare PRO tonometer, making it a reliable tool for assessing IOP in pediatric patients. These findings are crucial for enhancing our understanding of the physiological function of melatonin in the eye and its potential to target melatonin receptors and their complexes for addressing various eye pathologies.

Association of Gamma-glutamyl transferase with severity of hypertensive retinopathy in the Indian population

: Hypertension is the condition of elevated blood pressure and is a serious medical condition that significantly increases risk of diseases associated with the heart, brain, kidney, eyes, etc. and its most common ocular presentation is Hypertensive retinopathy (HR). Oxidative stress has been extensively studied for its role in the pathophysiology of Hypertensive retinopathy. Through this study, we want to establish an association between the severity of Hypertensive retinopathy and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).: After obtaining clearance from the ethics committee, an analytical study was carried out comprising 100 individuals having Hypertensive retinopathy. Patients were divided into four groups according to the Keith Wagener classification. The patients underwent thorough clinical examinations. The ocular examination included visual acuity evaluation, IOP measurement by Goldmann tonometry, and fundoscopy. Biochemical investigation of Serum Gamma-glutamyl transferase was done using a CORAL Colorimetric assay kit and SPSS Version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.: The majority of Grade I HR people belonged to either normal or prehypertensive group, while the majority of Grade IV, II &amp; III were from the Stage I hypertensives group, followed by Grade II and Grade III hypertension. Statistically, a significant association between the increasing severity of retinopathy and the rise in BP was observed. Most patients with Grade I retinopathy (66.7%) had GGT levels &amp;#60; 40 U/l, while all the patients in Grade II, III &amp; IV (100.0% each) had GGT &amp;#62;40 U/L. Statistically, it was also noted that the GGT levels increased with increasing grades in HR.

Peri-operative Outcomes of Dexmedetomidine as an Additive to Subtenon Block Compared with Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Patients Undergoing Vitreoretinal Surgery under General Anesthesia

Background: Several medications such as dexmedetomidine can be used as adjuvants with anesthesia to reduce the stress response during surgery resulting in good post-operative outcomes and safe recovery times. Aims: To compare the peri-operative outcomes of subtenon block with or without dexmedetomidine versus dexmedetomidine infusion as adjuvants to general anesthesia in subjects undertaking retinal operations. Design: A prospective randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial Patients and methods: Through the use of sealed opaque envelopes, 120 participants were randomly divided into three groups. Group SB received subtenon bupivacaine and lidocaine and IV infusion of normal saline. Group SD received subtenon bupivacaine, lidocaine, and dexmedetomidine and IV infusion of normal saline, whereas Group DI received subtenon saline and IV infusion of dexmedetomidine. Peri-operative hemodynamics and intra-ocular pressure were measured and recorded. Intra-operative bleeding, recovery times, post-operative sedation and pain scores, first analgesic times, total analgesic requirements, and the incidence of PONV and OCR were also assessed and documented. Statistical analysis: A prospective analysis of the collected data was performed using the SPSS program for Windows (version 22). Results: The results showed that IV dexmedetomidine has decreased cardiovascular responses to surgery as signified by decreased HR and MAP with a significant drop in IOP measurements before induction and after intubation, in comparison to other groups. Administering dexmedetomidine either or IV in the subtenon block led to a significant reduction in pain scores of the first post-operative six hours, the total pethidine consumption, and the surgical bleeding. Conclusion: When used as a supplement to general anesthesia during retinal surgery, dexmedetomidine is effective at reducing the airway response to tracheal intubation and extubation and maintaining peri-operative hemodynamic stability. Dexmedetomidine is also an efficient method for lowering intraocular pressure, surgical bleeding, and postoperative analgesic consumption with a better recovery profile. It can be administered either through IV infusion or combined with local anesthetics in subtenon block.

Assessment of Retinal Side Effects of Fingolimod (Gilenya) Used in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects CNS. It is thought that multiple factors were implicated in the pathology of MS such as immunological factors, vitamin d deficiency, vitamin b12 deficiency or infection by EBV or HHV6. It has a lot of ocular manifestations as optic neuritis, diplopia, oscillopsia, nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia. Fingolimod is the first approved oral drug for RRMS. Macular edema was reported as a side effect of fingolimod after 4 months of use. Aim of the Work The objectives of the study are screening of retinal side effects of fingolimod used for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients having no previous ophthalmic complains before starting the treatment. To assess structural changes within the retina using SD-OCT and to correlate these structural changes with the function affection (visual acuity assessment and electrophysiological studies). Patients and Methods Thirty eyes of fifteen patients were included in this prospective one arm clinical trial study. These thirty eyes belonged to multiple sclerosis patients who will be candidate for treatment with fingolimod (Gilenya). Patients were recruited from MS unit, neurology department, Ain Shams University. Results We found that the mean best corrected visual acuity change after treatment slightly decreased but this was non-significant. IOP measurements were not changed after treatment. Despite the changes in visual acuity; fingolimod associated macular edema did not develop. Among 15 patients (30 eyes), 14 eyes have slightly increased MT, 5 eyes have stable MT and 11 eyes have slightly decreased MT. Regarding electrophysiology follow up there were significant change in P1 amplitude in MfERG in ring 1, and it happened without development of macular edema (ME), as 50% of patients had MfERG changes in spite of the absence of ME. So we recommend doing electrophysiological test (MfERG) in follow up protocol of fingolimod treatment. Conclusion Finglimod is an immunomodulatory drug used for treatment of RRMS, it is the first oral drug approved by FDA for MS. Fingolimod associated macular edema is a known complication with a low incidence. Patients on fingolimod should have baseline and 3 to 4 months ophthalmic examination as a part of their protocol OCT is non-invasive technique used for detection of macular edema and follow up, but in our study we found that after 4 months of treatment by fingolimod, affection of retinal function in same patients may happen before macular edema development, which spots the light on the importance of performing the mfERG as well in the follow up of patients who were treated with fingolimod. Further studies are needed to support our results.

Classification accuracy and resistance to coaching of the Spanish version of the Inventory of Problems-29 and the Inventory of Problems-Memory: A simulation study with mTBI patients

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the classification accuracy and resistance to coaching of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) and the IOP-Memory (IOP-M) with a Spanish sample of patients diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and healthy participants instructed to feign. Method: Using a simulation design, 37 outpatients with mTBI (clinical control group) and 213 non-clinical instructed feigners under several coaching conditions completed the Spanish versions of the IOP-29, IOP-M, Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology, and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: The IOP-29 discriminated well between clinical patients and instructed feigners, with an excellent classification accuracy for the recommended cutoff score (FDS ≥ .50; sensitivity = 87.10% for coached group and 89.09% for uncoached; specificity = 95.12%). The IOP-M also showed an excellent classification accuracy (cutoff ≤ 29; sensitivity = 87.27% for coached group and 93.55% for uncoached; specificity = 97.56%). Both instruments proved to be resistant to symptom information coaching and performance warnings. Conclusions: The results confirm that both of the IOP measures offer a similarly valid but different perspective compared to SIMS when assessing the credibility of symptoms of mTBI. The encouraging findings indicate that both tests are a valuable addition to the symptom validity practices of forensic professionals. Additional research in multiple contexts and with diverse conditions is warranted.

Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, Air Puff Tonometer and Tonopen in Vitrectomized Eyes

Objective: To compare Goldmann applanation tonometer, air puff tonometer, and tonopen measured IOP Readings in vitrectomized eyes filled with temponading oils and gasses. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2021 to Feb2022. Methodology: A total of 50 eyes were included in our study. Intraocular pressure was measured by an experienced ophthalmologist between 10am to 4pm on the 7th postoperative day by three devices, Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), air puff tonometer, and tonopen. Pearson’s correlation and paired samples t-test was applied to determine correlation and any significant difference between the mean of intraocular pressure measured by three different devices. Results: Out of the 50 people included in study 31(62%) were males and 19(38%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 50.10±11.61 years. Mean intraocular (IOP) pressure measured by the GAT applanation tonometer was 14.59±1.13 mmHg. Mean IOP as calculated by the airpuff tonometer was 15.93±1.88 mmHg, whereas mean IOP as calculated by tonopen was 15.85±1.86 mmHg. All three instrument values showed significant difference as p-value &lt; 0.001. Conclusions: The air puff tonometer overestimates IOP as compared to GAT. Tonopen and air puff tonometer produce IOP measurements that are similar and consistent to each other but not to GAT

Eyewatch adjustable drainage device in vitrectomized eyes with refractory glaucoma.

To describe the efficacy and safety of the adjustable system eyeWatch in vitrectomized glacomatous eyes. Prospective, non-comparative, small case series of 2 patients who underwent glaucoma drainage device implant with the eyeWatch system. Intraocular pressure, number of medications and early and late complications were evaluated. None of the operated eyes developed early or late complications. After 1 week post operatively, the IOP raised at 28 mmHg in the first eye and 25 mmHg in the second one. The eyeWatch Pen was used to open and set the device into position 3 (that means implant half opened) After waiting for 30 min, IOP was 15 mmHg and 11 mmHg, respectively. Thirty days after surgery we set the EyeWatch into position 0 (that means implant full opened) even though the IOP was under control. A new IOP measurement was done and we registered that IOP was 14 mmHg and 10 mmHg respectively, and it remained stable after six months of follow up. In conclusion, in our case series the use of eyeWatch adjustable system allows a safe and gradual regulation of the flow during post-operative management also in vitrectomized eyes. Considering the percentage of hypotony related complications in vitrectomized eyes this system is an effective and safe technique to handle glaucoma in post vitreoretinal surgery eyes.

A Study of Visual Improvement and Variation in IOP Following Nd-YAG Laser Capsulotomy

AIM: To study the visual improvement and to correlate the effect of energy used and number of shots with post procedural IOP spike following Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36 patients presented with pseudophakia with PCO attending ophthalmology outpaient department at Rajah Muthiah medical college hospital during the period of October 2020 - December 2022 were included in the study. Patients with glaucoma, Uveitis, high myopia, posterior segment disorders will be excluded from the study. The patient will be subjected to visual acuity testing, detailed slit lamp examination, IOP measurement using Non-contact tonometer pre and post laser procedure and detailed fundus examination done and results were interpreted. OBSERVATION: Among the total 36 participants, 31.4% belong to age group 56 to 65 years followed by 28.6% in the age group 66 to 75 years. 51.4% were males and 48.6% were females. Of the total participants 28.6% had visual acuity of 6/24 in the affected eye and 22.9% had visual acuity of 6/36 in the affected eye.one subject presented with visual acuity of hand movements (HM) only in the involved eye.The mean pre-operative intraocular pressure among the participants was 1.85±0.73. 45.7% had preoperative IOP of 13 to 16 mmHg and 34.3% had preoperative IOP of 8 to 12. The mean number of YAG shots among the participants was 1.96±0.81. 36.3% were provided with 5 to 8 YAG shots and 33.3% with 2 to 4.The mean IOP among the participants in the preop was 14.03±2.92. The mean IOP immediately after the intervention was 15.29±2.83.The mean IOP 20 mins after the intervention was 17.43±2.96.Our study shows that the change in mean IOP after ND YAG LASER administration was significant with P value of less than 0.05 and also our study shows improvement in post laser BCVA with significant P values CONCLUSION: The study concluded that all patients had good visual recovery. The post laser IOP raise is minimal and transient. It varies with amount of laser energy used. Hence recommended to use minimum possible laser energy and must be followed up for raised intraocular pressure changes. Keywords: Intraocular pressure, Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminium GARNET Capsulotomy.

Effects of fluorescein on corneal endothelial morphology after fundus fluorescein angiography in patients with diabetic macular edema

Purpose To evaluate the effects of fluorescein dye on corneal endothelial morphology (CEM) after fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods In this retrospective study, patients were divided into two groups, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-1, NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (Group-2, PDR). CEM properties including endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), average cell area (AVG), percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured before FFA and at week 1 and month 1 after FFA were collected from patients’ charts. Results The study consisted of 48 patient’s 48 eyes in Group-1 and 50 patient’s 50 eyes in Group-2. In both groups, the mean ECD, CV, AVG, HEX, and CCT measurements at week 1 and month 1 after FFA did not differ statistically from the mean measurements before FFA (p > 0.05). The mean ECD measurements in Group-1 were higher than that in Group-2 and showed statistically significant differences among the groups (p < 0.01 for all). In the Pearson correlation analysis in Group-1, there was no statistically significant relationship between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and (intraocular pressure) IOP values and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements (except central macular thickness [CMT] and HEX) before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (p > 0.05). In Group-2 there was no statistically significant relationship between BCVA, IOP, and CMT measurements and ECD, AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT measurements before FFA, at week 1 and month 1 after FFA (p > 0.05). Conclusions There is no significant change in CEM after FFA in patients with NPDR and PDR with DME.

Surgical Rehabilitation of a Posttraumatic Iris Cyst, Cataract and Astigmatism Patient

Injuries cause serious disturbance of the form and function of the organ of vision due to the damage and accompanying or remote complications and therefore have a high proportion to the structure of low vision, blindness and disability. One of the complications of penetrating wounds of the eye is iris cysts. Iris cyst can increase and cause pupillary block, secondary glaucoma, uveitis, corneal dystrophy, and therefore it requires surgical intervention. The goal of surgical treatment of an iris cyst is to ensure complete removal of the cyst.Objective: to estimate the clinical and functional results of treatment in a posttraumatic iris cyst, posterior subcapsular cataract and myopic astigmatism patient.Patient and methods. Patient B., 49 years old with posttraumatic retention iris cyst, posterior subcapsular cataract, compound myopic high astigmatism was examined. To determine the tactics of surgical treatment of the patient, a complex of General ophthalmology was performed (visometry, IOP measurement, autorefractometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), as well as special (B-scanning, optical coherence tomography of the retina) research methods. The follow-up period was 1 year.Results and discussion. To improve visual functions and prevent the development of secondary glaucoma, the patient was offered surgery — excision of the iris cyst and cataract phacoemulsification with toric intraocular lens. Simultaneous carrying out of two stages of the operation reduced the risks of postoperative complications and shorten the rehabilitation period.Conclusion. Positive optical and therapeutic effects were achieved as a result of the surgical treatment 44 years after an open eye injury: the eye is calm, the iris cyst is not detected, visual acuity has increased. The postoperative period showed the saving the stable and high visual and functional result with no recurrence of the iris cyst.

Comparison between Intraocular Pressure Profiles over 24 and 48 h in the Management of Glaucoma.

(1) Background: Due to significant variation, sporadic IOP measurements often fail to correctly assess the IOP situation in glaucoma patients. Thus, diurnal-nocturnal IOP profiles can be used as a diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study is to determine the additional diagnostic value of prolonged IOP profiles. (2) Methods: All diagnostic 48 h IOP profiles from a large university hospital, between 2017 and 2019, were reviewed. Elevated IOP > 21 mmHg, IOP variation > 6 mmHg and nocturnal IOP peaks were defined as IOP events of interest and counted. The analysis was repeated for the first 24 h of every IOP profile only. The Chi2 test was used for statistical analysis. (3) Results: 661 IOP profiles were included. Specifically, 59% of the 48 h IOP profiles revealed IOP values above 21 mmHg, and 87% showed IOP fluctuation greater than 6 mmHg. Nocturnal peaks in the supine position could be observed in 51% of the patients. In the profiles censored for the first 24 h, the fractions were 50%, 71% and 48%, (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p = 0.12) respectively. (4) Conclusions: the 48 h IOP profiles identified more patients with IOP events of interest than the 24 h IOP profiles. The additional diagnostic value must be weighed against the higher costs.

Effects of tiletamine-zolazepam vs. propofol on peri-induction intraocular pressure in dogs: A randomized, masked crossover study.

Anesthesia induction agents have the potential to cause severe ocular side effects, resulting in lasting damage to the eye. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of tiletamine-zolazepam on IOP compared to propofol when they are used as an induction agent in normal healthy dogs. Twenty healthy adult client owned dogs weighing 22.2 ± 7.6 kg were selected for the study. In a randomized order, all dogs received tiletamine-zolazepam 5 mg/kg IV or propofol 8 mg/kg IV titrated to effect without premedication. Washout between each treatment was at least seven days. IOP measurements were obtained at four time points: baseline, post-induction, post-intubation, and after recovery using applanation tonometry. No additional procedures were performed. After normality of the data was determined, a linear mixed model was built with time, eye, treatment and all interactions of those variables as fixed effects and subject as a random effect. There was no significant difference for age, body weight, drug dose, baseline IOP, and recovery IOP between treatments. Average IOP measurements remained within the normal range of 15-25 mmHg at these time points. However, IOP was significantly less elevated by the tiletamine-zolazepam treatment vs. propofol at the post-induction (mean difference: -4.7 ± 4.6 [95%CI -6.8 to -2.5]) and the post-intubation (mean difference: -4.4 ± 4.6 [95%CI -6.5 to -2.2]) time points. Dogs receiving tiletamine-zolazepam for anesthetic induction had a significantly less elevated IOP at induction and intubation compared to dogs receiving propofol.

Tonometry: Review and Perspectives

Reliable and repeated IOP measurement are essential in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. In this second part, the other contact tonometry and non-contact tonometry are presented. The clinical value of the different methods and the value of multimodality in tonometry will be discussed based on a review of the literature, and the latest innovations with telemetric IOP sensors will be introduced.

Нейронная сеть в определении ВГД по Маклакову: сравнение результатов нейросети и экспертов

Purpose. To evaluate the possibility of clinical application of the AITonometry neural network in determining IOP by Maklakov method and identifying patients with increased intraocular pressure. Material and methods. A prospective study, 697 impressions of IOP measurement by Maklakov were selected. Each impression was evaluated using the neural network (group I), and by 3 experts with using the measuring ruler of Prof. B.L. Polyak (groups II1 , II2 , II3 ), the experts' data were averaged in order to create a «comparison standard» (group IIM ) for analysis. Results. The data obtained are presented in the form of M±σ(Me [Q25%; Q75%]), where M is the mean value, ±σ is the standard deviation, Me is the median ([Q25%; Q75%]) are quartiles: group I – 22,32±4,18 (22 [20; 24]); II1 group – 19.95±3.58 (19 [18; 21]); II2 group – 20,35±3,65 (20 [18; 22]); II3 group – 20,41±3,58 (20 [18; 22]); IIM – 20,23±3,53 (19,66 [18,33; 21,66]). A statistically significant difference was found between all data groups. The accuracy of AI-Tonometry: the mean absolute error (MAE) is 2.5 mmHg, the mean squared error (MSE) is 8.76, the root mean squared error (RMSE) is 2.96. Performance: Sensitivity – 91.94%; Specificity – 93.7%; Accuracy – 58.76%; Accuracy – 93.54%; F1 Score – 0.7170, AUC-ROC – 0.987. Conclusion. The AI-Tonometry neural network has high characteristics of accuracy and performance in combination with the convenience of using the service, the speed of interpretation of impressions made by Maklakov method, a small discrepancy in the results of determining the presence or absence of increased IOP. This service can be considered as an alternative to the usual approach with using ruler of Prof. B.L. Polyak and can be used in clinical practice. Keywords: neural network, intraocular pressure, artificial intelligence, tonometry, Maklakov applanation tonometry

Changes in Macular Thickness after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Open Angle Glaucoma.

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in IOP, total macular and RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness, and aqueous humour flare in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients before and 6 months after cataract surgery. This was a prospective observational case-control age- and gender-matched study. Groups: 40 subjects in a controlled OAG (OAGc) group, 20 subjects in an uncontrolled OAG (OAGu) group, and 60 control group subjects. complete ophthalmic evaluation, IOP measurement, anterior and posterior segment Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and laser flare photometry before and 6 months postoperatively. Six months postoperatively IOP decreased in all groups. An increase in macular thickness was found postoperatively in all groups. Preoperative aqueous humour flare was higher in the OAGc group than in the control group. After cataract surgery, aqueous humour flare was higher in the control group compared to the preoperative result. Changes in IOP following cataract surgery were strongly negatively correlated with preoperative IOP. An increase in macular thickness was observed 6 months postoperatively in all groups. Aqueous humour flare did not differ in OAGc and OAGu groups pre- and postoperatively but significantly increased in the control group postoperatively.

Intervariability in IOP measurement by using GAT, rebound tonometer and NCT in glaucoma patients

Intervariability in IOP measurement by using GAT, rebound tonometer and NCT in glaucoma patients

Отдельные результаты пострегистрационного наблюдательного исследования по оценке клинической эффективности и переносимости терапии препаратами Бимикомби Антиглау ЭКО и Брим Антиглау ЭКО у пациентов с разными стадиями первичной открытоугольной глаукомы в реальной клинической практике (Brim Bimicombi Antiglau real World Ophthalmology, BRAWO)

Aim: to assess the clinical efficacy and tolerability of bimatoprost/timolol (Bimicombi Antiglau ECO) and brimonidine (Brim Antiglau ECO) in different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) compared with prior therapy. Patients and Methods: data from 1036 patients were included in the final protocol of the multicenter combined scientific and clinical study. All patients were diagnosed with POAG or were glaucoma suspects (GS) with ocular hypertension (OHT). All patients underwent a complex eye examination. Treatment with the drugs studied should have lasted 2 to 4 months. Treatment choice resulted from the lack of efficacy, ineffectiveness, or intolerance of prior therapies. The control study was conducted once not less than a month after inclusion in the study. Results: POAG (any stage) was diagnosed in 982 patients (94.8%), and GS with OHT were 54 patients (5.2%). Changing treatment regimen (in a planned manner) prevented tachyphylaxis and tolerance to previously prescribed drugs, which was established by IOP measurements (a 20% reduction in IOP compared with prior data). If the regimen was changed for any reason (overall, 6 reasons were analyzed), three most common reasons were poor clinical efficacy (36.6%), discomfort (26.6%), and poor tolerability (23.9%). Prescription of preservative-free IOP-lowering medications (eye drops studied) for 1 month after the washout period significantly (by 19 times) reduced the number of these complaints. Preservative-free medications significantly increase the maximum satisfaction with prescribed treatment regimens (Likert score 4.61 of 5) and largely meet the expectations of doctors in terms of drug efficacy and tolerability (Likert score 4.67 of 5). Conclusion: preservative-free IOP-lowering medications (eye drops studied) are effective and well tolerated. KEYWORDS: glaucoma therapy, efficacy, tolerability, bimatoprost/timolol, brimonidine, primary open-angle glaucoma, real-world clinical practice, BRAWO. FOR CITATION: Kuroyedov A.V., Kosakovskaya M.V., Gapon'ko O.V., Gorodnichiy V.V., Lovpache D.N., Bulakh I.A. Selected results of a post- registration observational study on the clinical efficacy and tolerability of Bimicombi Antiglau ECO and Brim Antiglau ECO in different stages of primary open-angle glaucoma in real-world clinical practice (Brim Bimicombi Antiglau Real World Ophthalmology, BRAWO). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(3):129–135 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-3-4.

Optic disc, macula and ganglion cell layer measurements obtained with optical coherence tomography in patients with thyroid disorder

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare retinal nerve layer thickness, central macula thickness and ganglion cell layer measurements using optical coherence tomography (OCT) between thyroid patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 patients in the thyroid patient group and 48 eyes of 48 patients in the control group were included in the study. After evaluating the exclusion criteria, visual acuity, anterior segment biomicroscopy, intraocular pressure, fundoscopy and spectral field optic coherence tomography (SF-OCT) imaging tests were performed on all patients included in the study. These data have been recorded. Central macular thickness (CMT), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) measurements were evaluated by statistical methods for both groups.&#x0D; Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the demographic data of the groups included in the study. IOP measurements were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. CMT values were 258.2±16.1 µm in the patient group and 273.1±23.8 µm in the control group, and statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. &#x0D; Conclusion: The findings supports that changes in the optic nerve and macula develop before vision loss in TO patients compared to the healthy control group. We can follow TO patients more objectively and reliably and make treatment planning more accurately by adding OCT, which is a noninvasive test, to our clinical practice, since structural changes develop before functional deterioration in TO patients.

Clinical ophthalmic parameters of the Quaker parrot (Myiopsitta monachus).

Ophthalmic diagnosis in many avian species remains hindered by a lack of normative values. This study aimed to establish normal ophthalmic parameters for select diagnostic tests in clinically normal Quaker parrots. Ninety-six captive Quaker parrots aged 8-18 years underwent ophthalmic examination to include assessment of neuro-ophthalmic reflexes, phenol red thread test, rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, palpebral fissure length measurements, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ocular ultrasound biometry. Menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct pupillary light reflex were present for all Quaker parrots. Tear production (mean ± SD) was 13.3 ± 4.0 mm/15 s and intraocular pressure (IOP, mean ± SD) was 10.6 ± 1.4 and 6.0 ± 1.3 mmHg in the D and P rebound tonometer calibration settings, respectively. For IOP measurement, D and P calibration settings were not interchangeable, with the lesser variation of the D setting preferred in the absence of a gold standard. Ultrasound measurement of the anterior chamber depth increased with age and males had longer axial globe and vitreous lengths. Incidental adnexal and ocular lesions, identified in 36/96 (37.5%) of Quaker parrots, did not statistically affect the created reference data. This work provides reference values and clinical findings to assist with monitoring the health of wild populations and maintaining the health of captive Quaker parrots.

Possibilities of monitoring intraocular pressure using easyton transpalpebral tonometer

AbstractPurpose: To compare the effectiveness of transpalpebral scleral tonometry (TPST) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in a control group patients, in order to consider TPST as an objective IOP control in early postoperative period of patients undergoing corneal and surface surgery.Methods: Three measurements TPST, using EASYTON tonometer, and IOP using GAT, have been sequentially performed on 73 right eyes of 73 control patients (aged 24–83) (mean age 57.4 ± 16.3 years). In addition, 12 eyes of 12 patients undergoing corneal or surface surgery (PK, DSAEK, pterigium) have been evaluated with TPST and digital palpation tonometry in the immediate postoperative period (1–2 and 7 days). We evaluated the post‐surgical cases subjectively in normal tone by palpation, ocular hypotonia and hypertonia. Subsequently, we carried out an objective IOP measurement with Easyton and assessed the correlation of results.Results: Mean IOP spread (as demonstrated by three consecutive IOP measurements with EASYTON) was 1.32 mm Hg thus showing a high degree of repeatability. IOP measured using the TPST was 18.2 ± 2.9 mmHg in the control group. With GAT were 18.3 ± 2.5 mmHg in the control group. There are no statistically significant differences between both variables for the same sample. During the second evaluation, a high degree of the similarity of IOP measurements with palpation and TPST was demonstrated in the operated eyes after corneal and surface surgery.Conclusions: EASYTON tonometry demonstrated repeatability of IOP indicators when measuring the same eye three times sequentially. There are no statistically significant differences between TPST and GAT in the control group. EASYTON transpalpebral IOP tonometer prevents the subjectivity of IOP measurements after PK and other corneal or surface surgeries and makes an objective tonometry available. The lack of the contact with the cornea, a rather high accuracy and repeatability, and the lack of negative effects allow for using this device in these cases.