Composite Ionic Liquid Research Articles

PFAS contamination in tap water: Target and suspect screening of zwitterionic, cationic, and anionic species across Canada and beyond.

This study investigated the occurrence of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic compounds, in drinking water. Between 2021-2023, an expanded list of 76 target PFAS was screened in tap water samples mainly from Canada, but also including tap water samples from the Eastern United States, Mexico, South America (Argentina), the Caribbean (Dominican Republic, Cuba), Africa (Algeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Morocco, Rwanda, Tunisia), Europe (France, Greece, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and Asia (Japan, Vietnam, Iran, and Türkiye). An additional∼200 suspect-target PFAS were screened using high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The results revealed widespread contamination of PFAS in tap water. The most frequent were perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) with detection rates of≥79%. Several PFAS not currently included in EPA methods for drinking water revealed region-specific trends. For instance, emerging zwitterionic 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamidopropyl betaine (6:2 FTAB) was found at the highest levels in cities of France, British Columbia (Canada), and the UK. The occurrence of FTAB likely reflects shifts from PFOS-based aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) in the past decades, and possibly other uses. Short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FBSA, FHxSA) were also globally recurrent. Bistriflimide, a counterion often used in the composition of ionic liquids and in the production of lithium-ion batteries, was detected in 46% of the samples. The highest levels of total PFAS in drinking water were linked to contamination from fluorochemical industries (surface water), AFFF use (groundwater), and landfills (groundwater). This database of 275 PFASx153 samples provides valuable insights toward refining the lists of relevant PFAS to be monitored in drinking water.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) / Poly (Lactic Acid) Blend and Montmorillonite Functionalized by Ionic Liquids Composites

The composites of poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) / poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend and montmorillonites functionalized using imidazole-derived ionic liquids with different carbon chain sizes (butyl, octyl, and dodecyl) proved to be a promising alternative for improving the thermal and mechanical properties of the polymer blend. Functionalization of montmorillonites by ionic liquids was confirmed by increasing the basal spacing, and spectroscopical and thermal analysis evidence. The composite synthesis was carried out by casting technique generating homogeneous polymeric films. X-ray diffraction analyses suggested that montmorillonite functionalization with the ionic liquid of the butyl carbon chain fostered exfoliation and incorporation of the clay into the polymer. Furthermore, an increase in the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the material was observed. The other composites formed between the PBAT/PLA blend and the montmorillonite functionalized by ionic liquids of higher carbonic chain showed micro composites formation. Thus, their thermal and mechanical properties had no significant improvements.

Piezoelectric-Augmented Thermoelectric Ionogels for Self-Powered Multimodal Medical Sensors.

A paradigm ionogel consisting of ionic liquid (IL) and PVDF-HFP composites is made, which inherently possesses dual-function ionic thermoelectric (iTE) and piezoelectric (PE) attributes. This study investigates an innovative "PE-enhanced iTEs" effect, wherein the ionic thermopower exhibits a 58% enhancement while the ionic conductivity arises more than 2× within a PE-induced internal electric field. By harnessing these multifaceted features, fully self-powered, multimodal sensors demonstrate their superior energy conversion capabilities, which possessed minimum sensitivities of 0.13mVkPa-1 and 0.96mVK-1 in pressure and temperature alterations, respectively. The PE augmentation of iTEs is maximized by ≈3× under rising water pressure. Their swift and sophisticated responses to various in vivo vital signs simultaneously in a hemorrhagic shock scenario, indicative of good prospects in the clinical medicine field are showcased.

Effect of modifiers on the stability of 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids

The distinctive capabilities of 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium (bmim) cation-based ionic liquids (ILs) to dissolve lignocellulosic biomass offer the potential for the development of novel green bioprocessing technologies based on their utilization as green solvents. The limited range of thermal stability of ILs necessitates the use of various co-solvents to maintain solubility. In the present study, an original approach to determine the degree of degradation of alkylimidazolium ILs was proposed, based on the application of gravimetric analysis method to determine the content of volatile degradation products and high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLCHRMS) to determine the total degree of degradation. The proposed approach, as well as the combination of HPLCHRMS with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), was employed to comprehensively characterize the impact of additives and impurities (water, dimethyl sulfoxide, hydrochloric and acetic acids, diethylamine) on the degradation of bmim acetate, chloride, and methyl sulfate during thermal treatment under typical biomass dissolution conditions (150 °C, 24 h). The presence of additives or impurities in the composition of ILs has been found to predominantly contribute to a decrease in the number of volatile compounds formed, while increasing the variety and relative content of non-volatile degradation products. The use of protic solvents and acids results in a decrease in the overall degree of degradation of ionic liquids and in the fraction of volatile compounds formed. This allows for the classification of binary mixtures based on these additives as "green" solvents at temperatures below 150 °C.

Deciphering the Coarse-Grained Model of Ionic Liquid by Tunning the Interaction Level and Bead Types of Martini 3 Force Field

In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) have served as potential solvents to dissolve organic, inorganic, and polymer materials. A copolymer (for example, Pluronic) can undergo self-organization by forming a micelle-like structure in pure IL medium, and its assembly depends upon the composition of IL. To evaluate the role of ILs, accurate coarse-grained (CG) modeling of IL is needed. Here, we modeled 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) ionic liquid (IL) using a CG framework. We optimized CG parameters for the [DCA]− anion by tuning the non-bonded parameters and selecting different kinds of beads. The molecular density (ρ) and radial distribution function (RDF) of our CG model reveal a good agreement with the all-atom (AA) simulation data. We further validated our model by choosing another imidazolium-based cation. Our modified CG model for the anion shows compatibility with the cation and the obtained density matches well with the experimental data. The strategies for developing the CG model will provide a guideline for accurate modeling of new types of ILs. Our CG model will be useful in studying the micellization of non-ionic Pluronic in the [EMIM][DCA] IL medium.

Design and Characterization of Epoxy Resin Systems Based on Mixtures of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Docusate and Dicyanamide Anions

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of four ionic liquids (ILs), three of which are being reported for the first time, with unique thermal properties and diverse anion-cation combinations, specifically in the context of epoxy resin polymerization. 1-3-Didodecylimidazolium dicyanamide (dDDIM DCA), 1-3-Didodecylimidazolium docusate (dDDIM DOSS), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium docusate (EMIM DOSS) were used to prepare six different mixtures with the same cation and with varying concentrations of DCA components, which is the main factor of an efficient polymerization, while the other component is intended to modify the properties of the cured resin. Mixtures based on EMIM cation demonstrated increased enthalpy and lower onset polymerization temperatures, indicating more efficient curing processes. The hardness of cured epoxy resins can be adjusted by altering the curing temperature and IL composition, with EMIM DCA and EMIM DOSS mixtures displaying high Shore A hardness, suitable for durable surface applications. In contrast, mixtures with higher dDDIM DCA proportions offered a balance between rigidity and flexibility, ideal for applications requiring both mechanical strength and elasticity.

Confined dual functionalized ionic liquids in metal-organic frameworks for selective NH3 adsorption

The capture and separation of ammonia (NH3), a typical hydrogen-rich, carbon-free, but highly corrosive and pungent odorous gas, is significantly important for resource utilization, sustainable development and environment protection. The combination of functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) and porous supports to develop novel porous composites for NH3 adsorption is an efficient way to achieve the above goals. In this work, dual functionalized IL (DFIL) simultaneously containing Lewis acidic sites and hydrogen bond sites supported porous Zr-MOF (Zr-bptc) with high stability and reversibility are developed for NH3 adsorption. The DFIL confined in the nanopores not only provides high NH3 affinity, but also reduces the pore size to form selective NH3 diffusion pathways. Thus, the highest NH3 adsorption capacity of 10.26 mmol/g at 1 bar and 25 °C was achieved by DFIL@Zr-bptc-50 wt%. Especially, the optimal composites showed high NH3/N2 IAST of 3146.21 for NH3/N2 (0.5/99.5, v/v) and 593.97 for NH3/N2 (5/95, v/v), which is 269 % and 346 % higher than that of pristine Zr-bptc, respectively, indicating the composites have great potential for low-concentration NH3 separation. Moreover, the mixed gas breakthrough experiments demonstrated that optimal DFIL@Zr-bptc also exhibits outstanding NH3/N2 separation performance under simulative conditions including ammonia synthesis process and air purification. In addition, the DFIL@Zr-bptc composites show great structural stability and recyclability. This work provides a feasible way to design novel porous IL composites for NH3 efficient removal and recovery.

Facile in-situ fabrication of graphene oxide/poly(ionic liquid) composites and their adsorption performance for methyl orange

This work reveals a facile in-situ fabricating strategy for graphene oxide/poly(ionic liquid) composites toward the effective adsorption of methyl orange in aqueous solution. This synthetic route includes the formation of novel surfactant-free ionic liquid microemulsions and the stable solubilization of graphene oxide. To characterize the designed composites, FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, DSC, and XPS analyses were conducted, and the adsorption isotherms/kinetics of the designed composites toward methyl orange were further investigated. Results indicated that graphene oxide/poly(ionic liquid) composites can be in-situ synthesized facilely within the surfactant-free ionic liquid microemulsions, and the network structure of composites can be adjusted effectively by altering the dosage of co-solvent. In addition, the graphene oxide/poly(ionic liquid) composites prepared in situ exhibited a remarkable adsorption performance of methyl orange. These findings indicate the great application potential of graphene oxide/poly(ionic liquid) composites in the field of cationic dye adsorption.

Synergistic Enhancement of Supercapacitor Performance: Vanadium‐Substituted Phosphotungstic and Molybdic Acid Combined with Polypyrrole Using Pyridinium and Ammonium Ionic Containing Organic Cation Linkers with Improved Conductivity

High‐performance energy‐storage devices have emerged as a favored choice owing to their remarkable efficiency, sustainability, and environmental friendliness. Nowadays, polyoxometalate (POM)‐based supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials have gained much attention. Herein, a few new POMs and ionic liquid (IL) composites incorporated into conducting polymer as electrode materials for SC applications are reported. The H6[PV3Mo9O40]⋅34H2O (PV3Mo9) and H6[PV3W9O40].34H2O (PV3W9) POMs are treated with tetrabutylammonium chloride and 1‐butyl‐4‐methyl pyridinium chloride (BMP) and finally combined with polypyrrole (PPy) for the SC studies. An extensive array of analytical techniques is employed to delve into the interplay between the constituents within the composite materials, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray stpectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area. The combined application of these techniques enables us to understand the interaction dynamics within composite materials comprehensively. POM–ILs combination improves the solubility issues of POMs, and doping of PPy enhances the electrochemical performances of the materials. The PV3W9–BMP–PPy symmetric SC cell shows a specific capacitance of 294.79 F g−1 and an energy density of 28.89 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1 current density in 0.25 M H2SO4 medium followed by an excellent cycle life of 78.6% after 10,000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. The fabricated SC device is performed to light up the bulbs of red, yellow, and green light emitting diodes for 50, 30, and 28 s, respectively.

Protic ionic Liquids-Water Interactions: A study on 2-Hydroxypropylammonium formate through experimental analysis and computer simulations

In this study, interactions within a mixture of the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxypropylammonium formate and water were investigated across the entire range of ionic liquid compositions and a wide temperature range from 283.15 K to 333.15 K. This investigation was based on the measurement results of density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity, and was supported by computational simulations. The synthesized ionic liquid was further characterized thermally using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The study focuses on the analysis of excess molar quantities of volume, thermal expansion coefficients, viscosity, and Gibbs energy of viscous flow, aiming to examine the influence of temperature and mixture composition on thermophysical properties. The impact of temperature on the system’s viscosity and Angell’s strength parameter was investigated to assess the influence of the ionic liquid’s content on the system’s structural organization. The dependency of molar conductivity on viscosity was analyzed through the Walden rule. Based on this analysis, the effect of temperature and mixture composition on deviations from the ideal behavior in diluted solutions of strong electrolytes was estimated. Computational molecular dynamics simulations were employed for a more detailed study of the structural organization of the system’s components.

Design and synthesis of Mg-HKUST-1/solid ionic liquid composites for CO2 capture with improved water stability

The water sensitivity HKUST-1, is a critical concern for realizing practical CO2 capture. Water stability and high CO2 adsorption are difficult to achieve simultaneously. Mg and piperazinium-based solid ionic liquids (SoILs) were incorporated into HKUST-1 to enhance its water stability and selective CO2 capture performance, respectively. The eco-friendly route was utilized for the synthesis of bimetallic Mg(x)-HKUST-1, employing water as the sole solvent with stirring and microwave treatment. The SoILs were incorporated into the pore structure of Mg(15)-HKUST-1 by wet impregnation. Among the different ratios of Mg used for the synthesis, 15 % Mg exhibited the highest improvement in CO2 capacity (5.32 mmol/g) and CO2/N2 selectivity (27) compared to the parent HKUST-1 (CO2 capacity, 4.2 mmol/g; CO2/N2 selectivity, 17). Once Mg(15)-HKUST-1 was impregnated with 10 % SoIL, the CO2 capture performance was further improved. In the stability study, 10 % SoIL/Mg(15)-HKUST-1 and Mg(15)-HKUST-1 preserved respectively 92.4 % and 85.3 % CO2 adsorption capacity after 20 days of exposure to a humid environment (60 % RH) at 298±5 K, an improvement compared to the HKUST-1 (26 %). The CO2 and N2 adsorption capacities of HKUST-1, Mg-HKUST-1, and SoIL/Mg-HKUST-1 composite were measured using a volumetric method and characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Direct electrochemical detection of pirimicarb using graphene oxide and ionic liquid composite modified by gold nanoparticles

Carbamate pesticide residue assessments are important for water and environmental quality. An eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for direct determination of pirimicarb (PMC) based on graphene oxide (GO) and Ionic liquid (IL) composites decorated with gold nanoparticles has been developed. The resulting AuNPs@GO/IL@SPCE sensor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The electrode’s electrochemical characteristics were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impact of different modifier materials on the sensor performance and its stability was investigated systematically using a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. Under optimal conditions, the AuNPs@GO/IL@SPCE is used for sensitive detection of PMC in a concentration range from 50–1500 µM with a detection limit of 4.49 µM. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits excellent selectivity towards tested interfering species, reproducibility, and stability. Finally, the PMC detection in groundwater and surface water was achieved using the developed sensor with a 97.38 − 103.36 % recovery.

Magnetic poly(ionic liquid)/graphene oxide/Fe3O4 composites with multiple loss mechanisms for microwave absorbing

Microwave-absorbing materials are very important to reduce electromagnetic interference and pollution. Combining multi-component materials with multiple loss mechanisms is a practical strategy for enhancing microwave absorption performance. In this work, we synthesize a magnetic poly(ionic liquid) (PVim[FeCl4]) with crosslinkable groups and prepare PVim[FeCl4]/graphene oxide (GO)/Fe3O4 composites by incorporating GO and Fe3O4 to enhance the microwave absorption property of the composites. The synergistic effect of GO and Fe3O4 is studied at different feeding ratios, the PVim[FeCl4]/10%GO/20%Fe3O4 composite shows better microwave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −49.54 dB at 17.31 GHz and 7.1 mm thickness, along with an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.52 GHz. This enhancement can be attributed to the quarter-wavelength matching model, well-matched characteristic impedance, and multiple loss mechanisms originating from PVim[FeCl4], GO, and Fe3O4. The magnetic poly(ionic liquid) composites show promising prospects in microwave absorbing materials.

Quantifying and Decoupling Molecular Interactions of Ionic Liquids with Gold Electrodes.

This work combined gold colloid probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to accurately quantify the molecular interactions of fluorine-free phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with gold electrode surfaces. First, the interactions of ILs with the gold electrode per unit area (, N/m2) were obtained via the force-distance curves measured by gold probe AFM. Second, a QCM was employed to detect the IL amount to acquire the equilibrium number of IL molecules adsorbed onto the gold electrode per unit area (NIL, Num/m2). Finally, the quantified molecular interactions of ILs with the gold electrode (F0, nN/Num) were estimated. F0 is closely related to the IL composition, in which the IL with the same anion but a longer phosphonium cation exhibits a stronger molecular interaction. The changes in the quantified interactions of gold with different ILs are consistent with the interactions predicted by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, and the van der Waals interaction was identified as the major contribution of the overall interaction. The quantified molecular interaction is expected to enable the direct experimental-derived interaction parameters for molecular simulations and provide the virtual design of novel ILs for energy storage applications.

Dynamic breakthrough performance of low concentration CO2 adsorption in fixed-bed column with porous amino acid ionic liquid composites

Low concentration carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from air or confined spaces currently faces significant challenges, such as relatively poor dynamic adsorption breakthrough performance and cyclic stability. In our previous work, functionalized ionic liquid (IL) tetraethylammonium glycine ([N2222][Gly]) and porous molecular sieve (SBA-15) were combined to synthesize porous amino acid IL composite 60 wt% [N2222][Gly]@SBA-15 with microporous and ultra-microporous structures, which provide a new pathway for low concentration CO2 capture. In order to further obtain the dynamic CO2 adsorption breakthrough performance of this material under simulated actual working conditions, the effects of temperatures, relative humidity (RH) and CO2 concentrations on CO2 adsorption and desorption breakthrough performance of 60 wt% [N2222][Gly]@SBA-15 in a fixed-bed column were systematically studied in this work. The results indicated that CO2 adsorption capacity is up to 1.81 mmolCO2/g-adsorbent at 298.15 K, 1 bar and 0 % RH under 1 vol% CO2-containing gas mixture balanced with N2 and reaches 2.44 mmolCO2/g-adsorbent at 15 % RH due to the mechanism change of CO2 reaction with primary amine from 2: 1 under dry gas to 1: 1 stoichiometry in the presence of moisture. Moreover, the adsorbent maintains good cyclic adsorption-desorption performance. Further, CO2 adsorption breakthrough behaviors were well fitted by Avrami kinetic model, and the CO2 adsorption rate of 60 wt% [N2222][Gly]@SBA-15 was controlled by intra-particle diffusion. This work implied that IL-modified adsorbents have great potentials for low concentration CO2 capture applications.

Highly Sensitive and Stable Low Humidity Sensors Based on Polymeric Ionic Liquid and Polybenzimidazole Composites

Highly Sensitive and Stable Low Humidity Sensors Based on Polymeric Ionic Liquid and Polybenzimidazole Composites

Ionic liquid composites with garnet-type Li6.75Al0.25La3Zr2O12: Stability, electrical transport, and potential for energy storage applications

Garnet composites with ionic liquid dispersion have been prepared for electrolytic applications. Various ionic liquids (ILs) in small amounts were added to garnet type Li6.75Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LALZO) to improve its ionic conductivity and electrode-electrolyte interfacial compatibility. The optimal composition having ∼6 wt% EMIM BF4 in LALZO showed a high ionic conductivity of 6 × 10-4 Ω-1cm-1 at room temperature, which is almost two orders of magnitude higher than the pristine garnet pellet. Such a high conductivity is attributed to the alteration of the ionic liquid-garnet interface by a weak non-uniform chemisorption. The thermal stability of the composites was confirmed by high-temperature X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic electrical transport measurements, which suggested their stability at least up to 200 °C. The electrochemical performance of the composite was evaluated by assembling 2032-type LFP//LALZO-IL//Li cell, which displayed promising candidature for energy storage applications.

Architected Poly(ionic liquid) Composites with Spatially Programmable Mechanical Properties and Mixed Conductivity.

Structural electrolytes present advantages over liquid varieties, which are critical to myriad applications. In particular, structural electrolytes based on polymerized ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquids) (pILs) provide wide electrochemical windows, high thermal stability, nonvolatility, and modular chemistry. However, current methods of fabricating structural electrolytes from pILs and their composites present limitations. Recent advances have been made in 3D printing pIL electrolytes, but current printing techniques limit the complexity of forms that can be achieved, as well as the ability to control mechanical properties or conductivity. We introduce a method for fabricating architected pIL composites as structural electrolytes via embedded 3D (EMB3D) printing. We present a modular design for formulating ionic liquid (IL) monomer composite inks that can be printed into sparse, lightweight, free-standing lattices with different functionalities. In addition to characterizing the rheological and mechanical behaviors of IL monomer inks and pIL lattices, we demonstrate the self-sensing capabilities of our printed structural electrolytes during cyclic compression. Finally, we use our inks and printing method to spatially program self-sensing capabilities in pIL lattices through heterogeneous architectures as well as ink compositions that provide mixed ionic-electronic conductivity. Our free-form approach to fabricating structural electrolytes in complex, 3D forms with programmable, anisotropic properties has broad potential use in next-generation sensors, soft robotics, bioelectronics, energy storage devices, and more.

Evaporation Behavior of a Single Isobutane Droplet in the Effluent Spray Process of Isobutane Alkylation Catalyzed by Composite Ionic Liquid

Evaporation Behavior of a Single Isobutane Droplet in the Effluent Spray Process of Isobutane Alkylation Catalyzed by Composite Ionic Liquid

Preparation and assessment of ionic liquid and few-layered graphene composites to enhance heat and mass transfer in adsorption cooling and desalination systems

Adsorption systems can utilise low-temperature renewable and waste heat sources, which have emerged as a feasible alternative to conventional water desalination and cooling systems. However, the material of poor heat and mass transfer performance stall their widespread utilisation. This article presents the development and investigation of new composites employing few-layered graphene platelets and ionic liquids, namely ethyl-methylimidazolium methane sulfonate ([EMIM][CH3SO3]) and Ethyl-methylimidazolium-chloride ([EMIM][Cl]) to address such challenges. The impact of the few-layered graphene platelets, thermal properties, water adsorption properties of the developed composites and their thermal diffusivity were experimentally investigated. Besides, the overall cyclic performance was studied experimentally at the material level and computationally at the component level by employing a previously validated 2D dynamic heat and mass transfer model. The experimental investigation indicated that pristine few-layered graphene has a surface area of 56.8978 m2/g and a relatively high thermal diffusivity of 22.23 mm2/s. The developed composites showed higher thermal diffusivity than the baseline adsorbent silica gel. The highest thermal diffusivity was 11.84 mm2/s for GP-CH3SO3-10, 394 times higher than silica gel. Water adsorption characteristics of the composites were carried out, and the Dubinin–Astakhov (D-A) model was employed to model the experimental isotherms with good accuracy. The cumulative advanced adsorption and thermal characteristics of the developed composites resulted in higher cyclic performance by up to 82 % and 85 % than that of the baseline silica gel.