Disorder Of Ions Research Articles

Sténose hypertrophique du pylore en chirurgie pédiatrique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio LoméTogo

Objective-the aim of this study was to determine the hospital frequency of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with HPS, to describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects and to evaluate the operative follow-up. Methods-This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over aperiod of 06 years and 06 months (January 2014 to June 2020) in the pediatric surgery department of the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital in Lomé. Complete records of patients from 0 days to 30 months of age hospitalized and managed for HPS during the study period were included. Epidemiological, anamnestic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were studied. Results-a total of 17 patients were collected in the department. The hospital incidence of HPS was approximately 3 cases per year. The predominance was male. The mean age of the patients was 40.4 ± 15.1. Vomiting of curdled milk was the main reason for consultation. Ultrasound was performed in all patients and was diagnostic in the majority of patients (15 patients). The ionogram was disturbed in 14 patients, hypochloremia being the mostcommon ion disorder. Management consisted on open Fredet and Ramstedt extramucosal pylormyotomy in all patients. The supra-umbilical approach was the most commonly used. All patients had a favourable outcome. Conclusion-hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was characterised by a delay in consultation with a clinical picture dominated by vomiting causing ionic disorders. However, the encouraging therapeutic results noted could be improved.

Ionic conductivity and disorder in calcium and barium nitrogen hydrogen phases.

Nitrogen-hydrogen based alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds have recently received a substantial amount of attention as co-catalysts for heterogeneous mild condition ammonia synthesis (MCAS). The incorporation of these materials has been shown to result in positive reaction orders with respect to H2, solving the issue of hydrogen poisoning, e.g., the occupation of the majority of transition metal (TM) active sites by H-adatoms due to the significantly faster kinetics of H2 dissociation as compared to N2. The mechanism that underlies this is thought to be the incorporation (sinking) of H-adatoms from the surface of TMs to the bulk of the N-H phases. Thus, the slower kinetics of N2 dissociation no longer inhibit ammonia synthesis, and improvements in the kinetics dissociation for TM can be realised without consideration for which specific gases are affected (e.g., the circumventing of scaling relations). The ability to transport H-adatoms from the surface of TM is therefore of fundamental importance to the properties of the N-H co-catalyst implying that the conductivity of these species towards H and N ions, and NHx species, is of utmost importance. As such, we investigate two N-H systems that can be prepared by reacting the respective hydrides with nitrogen resulting in nitride-hydride and imide forms for Ca and Ba, respectively. These have both been previously shown to promote ammonia synthesis and here we investigate their conductive properties, and discuss these systems in the context of activity and stability of the total system with specific focus on the rise of secondary anion species, and the presence of barium in the system.

Ionic and electronic energy diagrams for hybrid perovskite solar cells.

The development of photoelectrochemical devices based on mixed ionic-electronic conductors requires knowledge of transport, generation and reaction of electronic and ionic charge carriers. Thermodynamic representations can significantly help the understanding of these processes. They should be simple and reflect the necessity of dealing with ions and electrons. In this work, we discuss the extension of energy diagrams commonly used to describe electronic properties of semiconductors to the defect chemical treatment of electronic and ionic charge carriers in mixed conducting materials as introduced in the context of nanoionics. We focus on hybrid perovskites in relation to their use as the active layer material of solar cells. Owing to the presence of at least two ion types, a variety of native ionic disorder processes have to be dealt with in addition to the single fundamental electronic disorder process as well as potential frozen-in defects. Various situations are discussed that show how such generalized level diagrams can be usefully applied and appropriately simplified in the determination of the equilibrium behavior of bulk and interfaces in solar cell devices. This approach can serve as a basis for investigating the behavior of perovskite solar cells, but also other mixed-conducting devices operating under bias.

Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Diferenciální diagnostika hyponatremie a hypernatremie

Dysnatremias are among the most common mineral imbalances encountered in clinical practice. Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia are associated with increased morbiditidy and mortality and represent negative prognostic factors regardless of their cause. Serum osmolality, extracellular fluid volume and sodium urine concentration are important parameters for evaluation the cause and differential diagnosis. The rate of onset of ionic disorder and severity of clinical symptoms are essential. While acute disorders with symptoms are treated immediately, in chronic disorders, thorough diagnostic evaluation and a careful approach to their correction are necessary. Especially with rapid substitution of chronic hyponatremia, there is a risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome. Therefore, a slow correction of the serum sodium level with frequent mineralogram checks is required.

Stronger B-site ionic disorder boosting enhanced dielectric energy-storage performance in BNT-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Because of their possible applications in dielectric energy-storage capacitor devices, (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based (BNT) relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) ceramics are feasible alternatives to lead-containing electroceramics. Good energy-storage performance (ESP), including high recoverable energy density (Wrec) and good energy discharge efficiency (η), is required to achieve device miniaturization and long device lifetimes. An advanced method was used to overcome the challenges of A-site ionic disordered RFE in achieving high inducible polarization and low hysteresis, with the former dictating a large Wrec and the latter dictating a high η. In this study, an ABO3 perovskite-structured complex end-member Bi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BMN) was added to a 0.7Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1TiO3–0.3Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (0.7BNKT–0.3BST) matrix. The differences in the valence states and ionic radii of Mg2+, Ti4+, and Nb5+ increased the local electric field fluctuation, which contributed to the expanded dielectric relaxation properties. The combined substantial prevention of hysteresis and remanent polarization suggests high potential applicability for ESP. Finally, an enhancement in Wrec to 4.98 J/cm3 was achieved in 0.595BNKT–0.255BST–0.15BMN with an ultrahigh η of 97.3% in a medium-strength electric field of 300 kV/cm. The ESP also demonstrated good thermostability between 30 and 120 °C. Furthermore, the strategy used in this study to generate RFEs can serve as a guide for future research.

New Insights on the Electronic-Structural Interplay in LaPdSb and CePdSb Intermetallic Compounds.

Multifunctional physical properties are usually a consequence of a rich electronic-structural interplay. To advance our understanding in this direction, we reinvestigate the structural properties of the LaPdSb and CePdSb intermetallic compounds using single-crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction. We establish that both compounds can be described by the non-centrosymmetric space group P63mc, where the Pd/Sb planes are puckered and show ionic order rather than ionic disorder as was previously proposed. In particular, at 300 K, the (h, k, 10)-layer contains diffuse scattering features consistent with the Pd/Sb puckered layers. The experimental results are further rationalized within the framework of DFT and DFT+ embedded DMFT methods, which confirm that a puckered structure is energetically more favorable. We also find strong correspondence between puckering strength and band topology. Namely, strong puckering removes the bands and, consequently, the Fermi surface pockets at the M point. In addition, the Pd-d band character is reduced with puckering strength. Thus, these calculations provide further insights into the microscopic origin of the puckering, especially the correspondence between the band's character, Fermi surfaces, and the strength of the puckering.

Tuning the Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Stuffed Framework Structures MeFe2O4 (Me = Ni, Ca, and Sr)

Spinel ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), have received a lot of attention in medical applications. Therefore, facile synthesis of ferrite NPs of numerous shapes and sizes using the citrate autocombustion technique was utilized in this article. A series of ferrite with the general formula MeFe2O4 [Me = nickle (Ni), calcium (Ca), and strontium (Sr)] are synthesized with varying average ionic radii and cation disorder on the A-site. The structural and morphological characterization of the prepared samples was performed using XRD, HRTEM, FESEM, EDAX, XPS, and Raman analyses. The phase transformation from cubic (Ni) to orthorhombic (Ca) to monoclinic (Sr) was also revealed by XRD. Accordingly, HRTEM images demonstrated nanoparticles in orthorhombic and monoclinic shapes, which are inconsistent with XRD analyses. The coercive field HC for monoclinic SrFe2O4 is ≈ 42 times larger than the Hc for NiFe2O4 with a cubic structure. This deviation in HC compared to the cubic shape particles can be coupled to the shape anisotropy present in SrFe2O4 and refers to the presence of a preferred magnetization direction within the material. The use of monoclinic SrFe2O4 NPs as antifungal activity agents is noteworthy due to their advantages in terms of surface area, efficacy, and biodegradability.

Magnetic Frustration Effect on the Rate Performance of LiNi0.6Co0.4−xMnxO2 Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractCobalt‐free LiNixMn1−xO2 (NM, x ≥ 0.5) layered oxides are considered to be promising cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries because of exceptionally high capacity and low cost, yet the fundamental role of manganese ions in the NM layered structure and rate performance has not been fully addressed to date. Herein, a series of Ni‐fixed LiNi0.6Co0.4−xMnxO2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) systems are employed as cathode materials to investigate the functionality of Mn ions on their structures and electrochemical properties. It is found that contrary to prior reports, the change in the c‐axis lattice parameter is not in close connection with the rate performance of NM cathodes. In particular, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements are performed to verify the fact that Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions with high spin states cause severe magnetic frustration in the structures of cathode materials, which profoundly aggravates the Li/Ni ionic disorder and blocks Li+ migration, contributing to inferior rate performance. In addition, Li+ migration hindered by Li/Ni disorder, is theoretically demonstrated by ab initio calculation. This work not only provides fresh insight into the role of Mn in NM layered oxide cathodes but also proposes an effective strategy to resolve their inferior rate performance.

Epidemiological and biological profiles of chronic renal failed at the University Hospital of Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona in Madagascar

Introduction: Chronic renal failed is an irreversible decline in renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of chronic renal failed. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 carried out at the UPFR (Paraclinical Unit of Training and Research) of Biochemistry and the USFR (Care Unit of Training and Research) of Nephrological intensive care of CHU-JRA (University hospital center Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona). All biochemical analysis request forms prescribed by the nephrological intensive care department were included, with clinical information of chronic renal failure and confirmed GFR<60 ml/mn/1.73 m2 on the patient's file. Results: Fifty files were selected. The average age was 50.80 years, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The most affected population generally had a low standard of living. Hypertensive patients were the most common, accounting for 82% of cases, with diabetes in third place with 32% of cases. The mean creatinine level was 1067 µmol/l. The average glomerular filtration rate was 7.25. The uraemia was 44.20 mmol/l. Among the ionic disorders, hyperkalaemia was the most common, accounting for 68% of cases. Of the 78% (n=39) of patients who had a blood count, 92.31% (n=36) had normochromic normocytic anaemia. Conclusion: Chronic renal failed remains a public health problem especially in low income countries. It is always associated with other disturbances of biological parameters that should be monitored and corrected.

An Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Ratiometric Fluorescent Molecule Reveals Zn2+ Micro-Dynamics During Drug-Induced Organelle Ionic Disorder.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main storage site of Zn2+, and Zn2+ plays an important role in regulating ER homeostasis. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a ratiometric fluorescent Zn2+ probe ER-Zn targeting ER stress. The probe displayed a specific Zn2+ induced blue shift at the spectral maximum values of excitation (80 nm) and emission (30 nm). The ratio imaging capability of Zn2+ under dual excitation mode can be applied not only to quantitative and reversible detection of exogenous Zn2+, but also the observation of the Zn2+ level change under ER stress, elucidating the different behaviors of Zn2+ release in ER stimulated by tunicamycin and thapsigargin. Additionally, the NIR imaging capability of ER-Zn provides an important basis for further research on animal models and is expected to realize the visualization and treatment of ER stress-related diseases through the regulation of ER stress by Zn2+. We envision that this probe can be applied to screen drugs for diseases related to ER stress regulation.

Hypokalemia : what correlation with psychotic relapse ?

IntroductionHypokalemia is often detected on standard biological assessments of patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders. Many explanations are advanced by clinicians like insufficient food intake or drug effects. But what if there was a relationship between this ionic disorder and psychotic relapses?ObjectivesTo assess the frequency of hypokalemia in patients hospitalized for a psychotic relapse and to study its relationship with certain clinical characteristics.Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted over a 3-month period (july-september 2021), including 37 male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and hospitalized in a psychiatric unit for a psychotic relapse. Patients had blood collection before medication that was sent for a complete blood count and blood chemistry testing.ResultsBlood potassium level ranged from 2.92 to 4.87 mmol/L with an average of 3.74 mmol/l. Half patients ( 54.1% , N=20 ) had hypokalemia. Among them, two had electric signs on their ECG and two had physical symptoms. In patients with hypokalemia, the cause of hospitalization was the agitation in 80% of cases versus 58.8% in patients with normal potassium levels. The correlation was not significant between hypokalemia and the use of a restraint (p=0.160) or the somatic history (p=0.495).Conclusionshypokalemia is an ionic disorder that should be detected in patients with schizophrenia. It exposes the patient to the risk of a sudden death, especially with use of antipsychotics that are at a high risk for torsade de pointes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

MO001: Hydroelectrolytic Disorders During and Beyond the Month of Ramadan

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fasting during Ramadan is religiously obligatory for Muslims, who account for 1.8 billion of the world's population (24%). The lifestyle habits of Muslims significantly change during Ramadan. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence of hospital admissions for electrolyte disturbances comparatively during Ramadan and the month before and to review the risk factors in a Tunisian population specimen. METHOD We carried out a retrospective study on the hospitalizations for hydroelectrolytic troubles in the nephrology department during Ramadan, i.e. April 2021 (group 1) and one a month earlier, i.e. March 2021 (group 2). RESULTS We have collected 14 patients for group 1 and 9 patients for group 2. The incidence of hospitalizations due to electrolytic disorders amounted to 46.6% for group 1 versus 20.9% for group 2. During Ramadan, the most frequently occurring ionic disorders were hyperkalemia in 71.4% (n = 10), hyponatremia in 21.4% of cases (n = 3) and hypernatremia in 7.1% of cases (n = 1). As compared with group 2, the ionic abnormalities encountered outside the month of youth were hyperkalemia in 66.6% of cases (n = 6), hyponatremia associated with hyperkalemia in 22.2% of cases (n = 2) and hypokalemia in 11.1% of cases (n = 1). All cases of hyponatremia were of depletion in group 1, hyperkalemia was due to dietary error with chronic renal failure, and hypernatremia was secondary to hydrosodic wasting. By reviewing the factors predisposing to develop hydrolytic disorders, we find a higher frequency in group 1 of hypertensive patients (78.5%), chronic kidney failure (35.7%), heart failure and diabetes (28% each) compared with group 2, six patients had hypertension (66.6%), three chronic kidney failure patients (33.3%), one diabetic patient (1.1%) and no patient had heart failure. CONCLUSION At the end of this study, we note that despite the occurrence of the month of Ramadan in spring and the tempered weather, the incidence of ion disorders remains high in a population at risk. Therefore, a strategy of nutritional and behavioral education during the Ramadan month is recommended, with the necessity of a close biological follow-up. This educational therapy must be individualized and specific for each individual patient, and adaptations of the medication are most required to avoid the development of ion disorders.

Anesthesia and perioperative considerations for patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection

The timing of elective surgery is very important in patients, who suffered SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. According to a study of more than 100,000 patients, it takes approximately seven weeks to be safely admitted to elective surgery. In the case of emergency surgeries, the date of the surgery should be considered based on the patient's general condition and the expected improvement from the surgery. Surgery with a vital indication takes the greatest risk, as there is very little time and opportunity for preoperative examination in these cases. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection does not go away without a trace. Complications may include cardiopulmonary, coagulation, central nervous system, locomotor problems, acute renal failure, ionic and diabetic disorders, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, which may be short-term or long-term, and in some cases permanent. The preoperative examination strategy, the method of anesthesia (general or regional) and the intraoperative monitoring should be chosen according to the severity of these complications and the type of surgery. In the postoperative period, patients suffered with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection may require more frequent monitoring or intensive ward monitoring.

Principal element design of pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase medium- and high-entropy ceramics

• A series of dual-phase rare-earth-zirconate medium- and high-entropy ceramics are successfully synthesized. • A principal element design approach of the pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase medium- and high-entropy ceramics is proposed. • The phase structures of pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase ceramics are co-determined by the average ionic radius ratio and size disorder parameter. Dual-phase rare-earth-zirconate high-entropy ceramics have gained significant research interest recently. However, the large composition complexity and serious lattice distortion from multi-components doping increase the uncertainty of their crystal structures. In this work, a series of dual-phase rare-earth-zirconate medium- and high-entropy ceramics are successfully fabricated. Results of this study indicate that these dual-phase ceramics are composed of pyrochlore and fluorite structures. Simultaneously, a principal element design criterion of the pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase medium- and high-entropy ceramics is proposed. The phase structures of pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase samples are co-determined by the average ionic radius ratio and the size disorder parameter. When the average ionic radius ratio is in the range of 1.4 to 1.5 and the size disorder parameter is larger than 5%, it is more inclined to form pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase structure. This work has an important guiding significance to the composition design of pyrochlore-fluorite dual-phase medium- and high-entropy ceramics.

The impact of chronic kidney disease in diabetic COVID-19 patients

Abstract BACKGROUND: People who are already suffering from pre-existing medical conditions are at a higher risk to develop a severe form of COVID-19 infection. We aimed to describe the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic COVID-19 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study, including diabetic COVID-19 patients, hospitalized in an infectious diseases department between November 2020 and February 2021. The population was divided into G1 (with CKD) and G2 (without CKD). RESULTS: In total, 153 patients were collected. The mean age was 68±11 years old. The population was divided into G1 (n=56; 36.6%) and G2 (n=97; 63.4%). G1 patients were older (70 vs 66 years old, p=0.03). The male to female ratio was 2.06 and there were no significant differences in sex proportion between the two groups (p>0.05). Hypertension was associated to G1 (77% vs 51%, p=0.013). There were no differences between diseases in time from symptom onset to healthcare consult (7 days on average). Dyspnea was observed in both groups (p=0.1). Diabetes disorder was more observed in G1 (92% vs 82%, p<0.01). Dyskalemia was more observed in G1 (21% vs 12%, p=0.02). Severe radiologic form was similar in both groups (p=0.2). Death occurred in both groups (14% vs 18%, p=0.2). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients with CKD are older and with more cardiovascular comorbidities. They are also exposed to ionic and diabetes disorders. But multicentric studies should be realized to evaluate the effect of CKD on the COVID-19 outcomes. Keywords: COVID-19, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, disorder, prognosis Abbreviations: COVID, CKD Funding and Conflicts of Interest No

Differential diagnosis of hyponatremia and hypernatremia.

Dysnatremias are among the most common mineral imbalances encountered in clinical practice. Both hyponatremia and hypernatremia are associated with increased morbiditidy and mortality and represent negative prognostic factors regardless of their cause. Serum osmolality, extracellular fluid volume and sodium urine concentration are important parameters for evaluation the cause and differential diagnosis. The rate of onset of ionic disorder and severity of clinical symptoms are essential. While acute disorders with symptoms are treated immediately, in chronic disorders, thorough diagnostic evaluation and a careful approach to their correction are necessary. Especially with rapid substitution of chronic hyponatremia, there is a risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome. Therefore, a slow correction of the serum sodium level with frequent mineralogram checks is required.

Impaired ion homeostasis as a possible associate factor in mucopolysaccharidosis pathogenesis: transcriptomic, cellular and animal studies

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of diseases caused by mutations resulting in deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes which lead to the accumulation of partially undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAG). This phenomenon causes severe and chronic disturbances in the functioning of the organism, and leads to premature death. The metabolic defects affect also functions of the brain in most MPS types (except types IV, VI, and IX). The variety of symptoms, as well as the ineffectiveness of GAG-lowering therapies, question the early theory that GAG storage is the only cause of these diseases. As disorders of ion homeostasis increasingly turn out to be co-causes of the pathogenesis of various human diseases, the aim of this work was to determine the perturbations related to the maintenance of the ion balance at both the transcriptome and cellular levels in MPS. Transcriptomic studies, performed with fibroblasts derived from patients with all types/subtypes of MPS, showed extensive changes in the expression of genes involved in processes related to ion binding, transport and homeostasis. Detailed analysis of these data indicated specific changes in the expression of genes coding for proteins participating in the metabolism of Ca2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+. The results of tests carried out with the mouse MPS I model (Idua−/−) showed reductions in concentrations of these 3 ions in the liver and spleen. The results of these studies indicate for the first time ionic concentration disorders as possible factors influencing the course of MPS and show them as hypothetical, additional therapeutic targets for this rare disease.

Effect of ionic disorder on the principal shock Hugoniot.

The effect of ionic disorder on the principal Hugoniot is investigated using multiple scattering theory to very high pressure (Gbar). Calculations using molecular dynamics to simulate ionic disorder are compared to those with a fixed crystal lattice, for both carbon and aluminum. For the range of conditions considered here we find that ionic disorder has a relatively minor influence. It is most important at the onset of shell ionization and we find that, at higher pressures, the subtle effect of the ionic environment is overwhelmed by the larger number of ionized electrons with higher thermal energies.

Ionic Disorders in Malaria and Dengue Co-Infection

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate ionic disorders in malaria and dengue co-infection at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection, carried out in the laboratory of the Pediatric University Hospital Charles de Gaulle in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019. The study was on patients who performed a thick blood drop/smear, dengue serology and blood ionogram. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: On 1405 cases included in the study, 102 patients (7.26%) were confirmed of malaria. Dengue serology was positive in 235 patients (16.72%). The frequency of co-infection was 1.14% (n=16). The mean age of the patients was 9.93 years and the age group of 0 to 15 years represented 78.93% of the cases. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio (M/F) of 2.58. Hyponatremia (40%), hypocalcemia (40%), hypokalemia (30%) and hypophosphatemia (30%) were the main blood ionogram disturbances in malaria and dengue co-infection. The statistically significant disturbances in case of malaria and dengue co-infection were the absence of hypobicarbonatemia (p=0.036). &#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: Malaria and dengue are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in Burkina Faso. Although co-infection was rare in the study (1.14%), it was associated with several blood ionogram disturbances. Evaluation and consideration of these disturbances during treatment would contribute to a better care of patients.