Ion Acoustic Shock Waves Research Articles

Nonplanar ion-acoustic shocks in electron–positron–ion plasmas: Effect of superthermal electrons

Ion-acoustic shock waves (IASWs) in a homogeneous unmagnetized plasma, comprising superthermal electrons, positrons, and singly charged adiabatically hot positive ions are investigated via two-dimensional nonplanar Kadomstev–Petviashvili–Burgers (KPB) equation. It is found that the profiles of the nonlinear shock structures depend on the superthermality of electrons. The influence of other plasma parameters such as, ion kinematic viscosity and ion temperature, is discussed in the presence of superthermal electrons in nonplanar geometry. It is also seen that the IASWs propagating in cylindrical/spherical geometry with transverse perturbation will be deformed as time goes on.

Oblique ion acoustic shock waves in a magnetized plasma

Ion acoustic (IA) shock waves are studied in a magnetized plasma consisting of a cold viscous ion fluid and Maxwellian electrons. The Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation is derived by using the reductive perturbation method. It is shown that the combined effects of external magnetic field and obliqueness significantly modify the basic properties (viz., amplitude, width, speed, etc.) of the IA shock waves. It is observed that the ion-viscosity is a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of IA shock structures. The implications of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are discussed.

Ion acoustic shock waves in plasmas with warm ions and kappa distributed electrons and positrons

The monotonic and oscillatory ion acoustic shock waves are investigated in electron-positron-ion plasmas (e-p-i) with warm ions (adiabatically heated) and nonthermal kappa distributed electrons and positrons. The dissipation effects are included in the model due to kinematic viscosity of the ions. Using reductive perturbation technique, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Burgers (KPB) equation is derived containing dispersion, dissipation, and diffraction effects (due to perturbation in the transverse direction) in e-p-i plasmas. The analytical solution of KPB equation is obtained by employing tangent hyperbolic (Tanh) method. The analytical condition for the propagation of oscillatory and monotonic shock structures are also discussed in detail. The numerical results of two dimensional monotonic shock structures are obtained for graphical representation. The dependence of shock structures on positron equilibrium density, ion temperature, nonthermal spectral index kappa, and the kinematic viscosity of ions are also discussed.

Planar and nonplanar ion acoustic shock waves in relativistic degenerate astrophysical electron-positron-ion plasmas

We have studied the propagation of ion acoustic shock waves involving planar and non-planar geometries in an unmagnetized plasma, whose constituents are non-degenerate ultra-cold ions, relativistically degenerate electrons, and positrons. By using the reductive perturbation technique, Korteweg–deVries Burger and modified Korteweg–deVries Burger equations are derived. It is shown that only compressive shock waves can propagate in such a plasma system. The effects of geometry, the ion kinematic viscosity, and the positron concentration are examined on the ion acoustic shock potential and electric field profiles. It is found that the properties of ion acoustic shock waves in a non-planar geometry significantly differ from those in planar geometry. The present study has relevance to the dense plasmas, produced in laboratory (e.g., super-intense laser-dense matter experiments) and in dense astrophysical objects.

Time-dependent non-planar DIA shock waves in non-extensive dusty plasma

AbstractThe propagation of dust ion-acoustic shock waves (DIASHWs) in an unmagnetized dissipative dusty plasma system consisting of inertial ions, non-inertial, non-extensive q-distributed electrons, and negatively charged stationary dust is investigated in bounded non-planar (cylindrical and spherical) geometry. A modified Burgers equation is derived and its numerical solution is obtained. It is found that the basic features of DIASHWs are significantly modified by the effects of electron non-extensivity and ion kinematic viscosity in bounded geometry. It is also shown that the propagation characteristics of non-planar DIASHWs in a non-extensive plasma are qualitatively different from those of planar ones.

Head-on collision of ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a two-electron-temperature plasma

A plasma composed of ions and two species of electrons at different temperatures (hot and cold) is considered. A modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived which describes the evolution of rarefactive and compressive ion-acoustic solitons or steady electrostatic shocks, according to whether the relative concentrations and the relative temperatures assume critical values. By using the extended Poncare-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method the head-on collision between two countertravelling ion-acoustic pulses are studied. It is shown that the interaction between solitons produces a shift in the trajectories of motion, such an effect also exists for interacting steady shocks but with different characteristics.

Dust negative ion acoustic shock waves considering dust size distribution effect

A multi-ion dusty plasma containing hot isothermal electrons, ions (light positive ions and heavy negative ions), and extremely and negatively charged dust grains is studied in the present paper. The dust negative ion acoustic shock waves have been investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. How the dust size distribution affects the height and the thickness of the nonlinear shock wave is studied. It is noted that the different dust size distribution has different shock wave form and different moving speed.

A charge- and energy-conserving implicit, electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm on mapped computational meshes

We describe the extension of the recent charge- and energy-conserving one-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm in Ref. [G. Chen, L. Chacón, D.C. Barnes, An energy- and charge-conserving, implicit electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm, Journal of Computational Physics 230 (2011) 7018–7036] to mapped (body-fitted) computational meshes. The approach maintains exact charge and energy conservation properties. Key to the algorithm is a hybrid push, where particle positions are updated in logical space, while velocities are updated in physical space. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated with a challenging numerical test case, the ion acoustic shock wave. The generalization of the approach to multiple dimensions is outlined.

Dust ion-acoustic shock waves in nonextensive dusty plasma

A parametric survey on the propagation characteristics of the dust ion-acoustic (DIA) shock waves showing the effect of nonextesivity with nonextensive electrons in a dissipative dusty plasma system has been carried out using the reductive perturbation technique. We have considered continuity and momentum equations for inertial ions, q-distributed nonextensive electrons, and stationary charged dust grains, to derive the Burgers equation. It has been found that the basic features of DIA shock waves are significantly modified by the effects of electron nonextensivity and ion kinematic viscosity. Depending on the degree of nonextensivity of electrons, the dust ion-acoustic shock structures exhibit compression and rarefaction. The implications of our results would be useful to understand some astrophysical and cosmological scenarios like stellar polytropes, hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, dark-matter halos, etc., where effects of nonextensivity can play the significant roles.

Low intensity dust ion-acoustic shock waves due to dust charge fluctuation in a nonextensive dusty plasma

The properties of low intensity dust ion acoustic shock waves are studied in a charge varying dusty plasma with nonextensive electrons. Owing to the departure from the Maxwellian electron distribution to a nonextensive one, the modified electrostatic charging of a spherical dust particle in plasma with ion streaming speed is considered. Based on the weakly nonlinear analysis, a new relationship between the low intensity localized disturbances and nonextensive electrons is derived. It is found that both strength and steepness of shock structures arise as the electrons evolve far from their thermodynamic equilibrium in such plasma with parameter ranges corresponding to Saturn’s rings. It is also shown that the ion temperature and population of electrons reduce the possibility of the formation of the shock profile.

Nonlinear Propagation of Ion-Acoustic Shock waves in Dissipative Electron–Positron–Ion Plasmas with Superthermal Electrons and Relativistic Ions

Nonlinear Propagation of Ion-Acoustic Shock waves in Dissipative Electron–Positron–Ion Plasmas with Superthermal Electrons and Relativistic Ions

Ion acoustic shock waves in presence of superthermal electrons and interaction of classical positron beam

The effect of positron beam on the ion-acoustic shock wave is studied. The plasma system under-consideration consists of inertial ions and superthermal electrons and the positron beam with classical streaming velocities. Kinematic viscosity of the ions component is responsible of the dissipation in plasma system. The Burgers equation has been derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. It is noticed that both the amplitude and steepness of the ion-acoustic shock wave accrue, as the spectral index of the superthermal electrons, and concentration of impinging positron beam are enhanced. However, the shock amplitude is found to diminish as the beam streaming velocity and temperature ratio of positrons to electrons are increased in the plasma system. Our findings may be helpful in the understanding of laboratory beam plasma interaction experiments as well as the space and astrophysical plasmas with effects of superthermality and interacting beam.

Effect of viscosity on dust–ion acoustic shock wave in dusty plasma with negative ions

The properties of dust–ion acoustic (DIA) shock wave in a dusty plasma containing positive and negative ions is investigated. The reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation for dust acoustic shock waves in a homogeneous, unmagnetized and collisionless plasma whose constituents are Boltzmann distributed electrons, singly charged positive ions, singly charged negative ions and cold static dust particles. The KdV–Burgers equation is derived and its stationary analytical solution is numerically analyzed where the effect of viscosity on the DIA shock wave propagation is taken into account. It is found that the viscosity in the dusty plasma plays as a key role in dissipation for the propagation of DIA shock.

Planar and nonplanar ion acoustic shock waves with nonthermal electrons and positrons

The nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic shock waves (IASWs) are studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of nonthermal electrons, nonthermal positrons, and singly charged adiabatically hot positive ions, whose dynamics is governed by the two dimensional nonplanar Kadomstev-Petviashvili-Burgers (KPB) equation. The shock solution of the KPB equations is obtained numerically. The effects of several parameters and ion kinematic viscosities on the properties of ion acoustic shock waves are discussed in planar and nonplanar geometry. It is shown that the ion acoustic shock wave propagating in cylindrical/spherical geometry with transverse perturbation will be deformed as time goes on. Also, it is seen that the strength and the steepness of the IASWs increases with increasing β, the nonthermal parameter.

Spherical and Cylindrical Ion Acoustic Shock Structures in Plasmas with q-Nonextensive Electron Velocity Distribution

The propagation of ion acoustic shock waves in cylindrical and spherical geometries has been investigated. The plasma system consists of cold ions, nonextensive electrons and thermal positrons. Spherical and cylindrical Korteweg–de Vries–Burger equations have been derived by reductive perturbation method and their shock behavior is studied by employing finite difference method. It is found that shock waves can be produced in this medium. The important effects of the q-nonextensive electron on the properties of ion acoustic waves are discussed. Furthermore, it is observed that the positron concentration, ratio of electron to positron temperature, geometry parameter and the plasma kinematic viscosity significantly modifies the shock structure.

Ion-acoustic shock waves in a plasma with weakly relativistic warm ions, thermal positrons and a background electron nonextensivity

A weakly nonlinear analysis is carried out to derive a Korteweg–de Vries-Burgers-like equation for small, but finite amplitude, ion-acoustic waves in a dissipative plasma consisting of weakly relativistic ions, thermal positrons and nonextensive electrons. The travelling wave solution has been acquired by employing the tangent hyperbolic method. Our results show that in a such plasma, ion-acoustic shock waves, the strength and steepness of which are significantly modified by relativistic, nonextensive and dissipative effects, may exist. Interestingly, we found that because of ion kinematic viscosity, an initial solitonic profile develops into a shock wave. This later evolves towards a monotonic profile (dissipation-dominant case) as the electrons deviate from their Maxwellian equilibrium. Our investigation may help to understand the dissipative structures that may occur in high-energy astrophysical plasmas.

Propagation of nonlinear coherent structures in a collisional magnetoplasma with nonthermal electrons and finite ion temperature

Nonlinear electrostatic waves in dissipative magnetized electron-ion (e-i) plasmas are investigated employing the two fluid model. In this regard, Zakharov Kuznetsov Burgers (ZKB) equation is derived using the small amplitude perturbation expansion method. It is observed that the nonthermal electron population, obliqueness, ion thermal effects, and kinematic viscosity significantly alter the structure of obliquely propagating nonlinear ion acoustic shock waves in dissipative e-i magnetoplasmas. It is observed that the system can admit both compressive and rarefactive shocks. The condition for the formation of both types of shocks is also given. The present study may be useful to understand the nonlinear propagation characteristics of electrostatic shock structures in space environments where the nonthermal electrons have been observed by various satellite missions such as Voyager and Freja.

Ion acoustic solitary and shock waves with nonextensive electrons and thermal positrons in nonplanar geometry

The nonlinear wave structures of ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of nonextensive electrons and thermal positrons are studied in bounded nonplanar geometry. Using reductive perturbation technique we have derived cylindrical and spherical Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers’ (KdVB) equations for IAWs. The presence of nonextensive q-distributed electrons is shown to influence the solitary and shock waves. Furthermore, in the existence of ion kinematic viscosity, the shock wave structure appears. Also, the effects of nonextensivity of electrons, ion kinematic viscosities, positron concentration on the properties of ion acoustic shock waves (IASWs) are discussed in nonplanar geometry. It is found that both compressive and rarefactive type solitons or shock waves are obtained depending on the plasma parameter.

Nonlinear Propagation of Ion-Acoustic Shock Waves in Dissipative Electron–Positron–Ion Plasma with Trapped Electrons and Relativistic Ions

Ion acoustic shock waves are studied in dissipative three-component plasma. Relativistic ions, Maxwell–Boltzmann distributed positrons, nonisothermal electrons are considered in the plasma and we also consider the kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents. The dynamics of the nonlinear wave are governed by a modified Korteweg–de Vries Burger equation that possesses dissipative Burger term. The trapping parameter (β), the ratio of the free electron temperature to the trapped electron temperature, is treated as a variable. The effects of the coefficient of the kinematic viscosity, parameter β and also relativistic factor on the solitary and shock waves are studied.

The characteristics of ion acoustic shock waves in non-Maxwellian plasmas with (G′/G)-expansion method

Korteweg-de-Vries-Burger (K-dVB) equation is derived for ion acoustic shock waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas. Electrons and positrons are considered superthermal and are effectively modeled by a kappa distribution in which ions are as cold fluid. The analytical traveling wave solutions of the K-dVB equation investigated, through the (G′/G)-expansion method. These traveling wave solutions are expressed by hyperbolic function, trigonometric functions are rational functions. When the parameters are taken special values, the shock waves are derived from the traveling waves. It is observed that the amplitude ion acoustic shock waves increase as spectral index κ and kinematic viscosity ηi,0 increases in which with increasing positron density β and electron temperature σ the shock amplitude decreases. Also, numerically the effect different parameters on the nonlinearity A and dispersive B terms and wave velocity V investigated.