Ion Absorption Research Articles

Effects of Restoration Strategies on the Ion Distribution and Transport Characteristics of Medicago sativa in Saline–Alkali Soil

Studying the distribution and transport dynamics of cations in plants is crucial for understanding their response mechanisms to saline–alkali stress conditions. However, our current understanding of how restoration measures affect cation distribution and transport in plants is surprisingly limited. To address this gap, we conducted a split-plot experiment using Medicago sativa L. cv. “Zhongmu No. 1” to investigate the combined effects of biological and chemical restoration measures—with bio-fertilizer as the primary zone and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and with humic acid as the secondary zone—on soil properties, plant growth, and the content, distribution, and transport of cations in plants. The results revealed that bio-fertilizers exhibited positive effects on the plant growth, yield, and translocation of key ionic components to leaves. On the contrary, FGD gypsum with humic acid reduced the soil’s pH level, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) while increasing the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the soil. The combination of bio-fertilizer, FGD gypsum, and humic acid increased the biomass and enhanced the translocation of Mg2+ to leaves. The distribution and transport of Mg2+ within the plant constituted pivotal elements for enhancing plant growth through restoration strategies. The application of bio-fertilizer, FGD gypsum, and humic acid reduced Na+ transport in M. sativa by enhancing the selective absorption of beneficial ions in leaves and by facilitating the transport of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from stems to the leaves. This, in turn, increases the salt tolerance of plants and promotes their growth. Our results offer new insights into the interactions among measures, soil, and plants in saline–alkali land restoration, providing practical solutions for the restoration of saline–alkali soil.

Developing a deposited calcium-phosphate layer on zirconia surface by chemical grafting of L-Serine molecules

Due to the proper mechanical properties and desirable aesthetic properties of zirconia, it is considered as a good candidate for replacement of metallic implants. In this study, zirconia was functionalized by l-serine amino acid to provide surface COOH/OH groups for calcium-phosphate formation (CPF) of hydroxyapatite and chemical bonding to bone tissue following implantation. Magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) discs were prepared and hydroxylated using hydrothermal process at 120 °C for different times to provide reactive hydroxyl groups. Thereafter, the discs were immersed in 0.01 mg/mL aqueous l-Serine solution at temperatures between 40 °C and 80 °C for different times and pH to graft l-Serine molecules on the zirconia surface. Afterward, the specimens were incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 21 days. The results indicated that the grafting of l-Serine on the zirconia surface, at 80 °C in neutral pH, created negative charges. The hydroxyl apatite, on the surfaces grafted with l-Serine, started to nucleate and grow almost simultaneously after 7 days of exposure to alkaline pH. The soaking was continued for 21 days to form more uniform mineral apatite with developed surface wettability (i.e., contact angle of 18.3° ± 1.3). Herein, the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions caused the formation of hydroxyapatite nucleation and growth in 21 days.

Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Dari Limbah Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaies Guineesis Jacq.) Sebagai Media Peyerapan Ion Logam Fe Air Sumur Menggunakan Aktivator Asam Fosfat (H3PO4)

Oil palm (elaies) is a tropical plant that is widely found in Indonesia. The increasing production of this plant has an impact on the increasing amount of oil palm frond waste every year. During this time, the community only utilizes the fruit for the manufacture of CPO while the fronds are discarded and become waste. Palm frond waste contains constituent components in the form of cellulose and lignin so that it has the potential to be utilized as an adsorbent. The manufacture of activated carbon is carried out with the stages of carbonization and activation using H3PO4. The finished activated carbon was then tested for moisture content, ash content, and iodine absorption according to SNI 06-3730-1995, functional group analysis testing with Fourier Transform Infra Red FTIR and Fe metal ion absorption test in well water using an AAS spectrophotometer. From these tests, 7% moisture content, 4% ash content and 909.45 mg/gr iodine absorption were obtained. FT-IR testing obtained 11 fungal groups and Fe metal absorption using an AAS spectrophotometer obtained 77%, so it can be concluded that the activated carbon made is in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995 specifications

Molecular mechanisms of dexamethasone actions in COVID-19: Ion channels and airway surface liquid dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global health crisis of unprecedented magnitude. In the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, dexamethasone, a widely used corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a promising therapy in the fight against severe COVID-19.Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid that exerts its therapeutic effects by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. In the context of COVID-19, the severe form of the disease is often characterized by a hyperactive immune response, known as a cytokine storm. Dexamethasone anti-inflammatory properties make it a potent tool in modulating this exaggerated immune response.Lung inflammation may lead to excessive fluid accumulation in the airways which can reduce gas exchange and mucociliary clearance. Pulmonary oedema and flooding of the airways are hallmarks of severe COVID-19 lung disease. The volume of airway surface liquid is determined by a delicate balance of salt and water secretion and absorption across the airway epithelium. In addition to its anti-inflammatory actions, dexamethasone modulates the activity of ion channels which regulate electrolyte and water transport across the airway epithelium. The observations of dexamethasone activation of sodium ion absorption via ENaC Na+ channels and inhibition of chloride ion secretion via CFTR Cl− channels to decrease airway surface liquid volume indicate a novel therapeutic action of the glucocorticoid to reverse airway flooding.This brief review delves into the early non-genomic and late genomic signaling mechanisms of dexamethasone regulation of ion channels and airway surface liquid dynamics, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the action of the glucocorticoid in managing COVID-19.

Effects of ultra-fine micronization on the structure, rheological and functional properties of dietary fiber from Laminaria japonica

Laminaria japonica is known to be a rich source of dietary fiber (DF). The DF in L. japonica was extracted by combined enzymatic and chemical method in this study. The effect of ultra-fine pulverization on structural and functional properties of DF fractions were also investigated. The results displayed that the molecular weight of DF was 2.22 × 107 Da. After ultra-fine grinding, the viscosity of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) suspension increased from 4.65 ± 0.08 to 6.89 ± 0.24 mPa·s. In addition, ultra-fine grinding significantly reduced the particle size of DF with higher insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) yields. L. japonica IDF exhibited significant enhancement on absorption capacities of nitrite ion absorption, cholesterol and glucose, which could be utilized as potential ingredients in several DF intensified foods. This work could provide understanding into the influence of micronization on the structure-function relationship of food materials rich in dietary fiber.

Evaluation of Cr2+ Ions Absorption Cross-Section in Zn1–xMnxSe Solid Solutions by Nonlinear Transmission Measurements

Evaluation of Cr2+ Ions Absorption Cross-Section in Zn1–xMnxSe Solid Solutions by Nonlinear Transmission Measurements

Designing advanced anode materials via regulating accumulation of cobalt ions in polystyrene nanoparticles enriched in Pistia stratiotes

Nano-plastics and metal pollution are environmental problems that need to be solved urgently. However, there are few studies on the simultaneous treatment of nano-plastics and metal ions, and there are very few reports on the recycling and reutilizing of these pollutants. Based on our original work of bioabsorbable fabrication, we use nano-polystyrene to regulate the absorption of cobalt ions by Pistia stratiotes, and obtain electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. The absorption mechanism is explored. Furthermore, this work can not only degrade nano-polystyrene and cobalt ions in the environment, but also optimize the structural morphology, specific surface area, and graphitization degree of Pistia stratiotes-based carbon materials by using the adsorption and pyrolysis characteristics of nano-polystyrene. The presence of N, O, Co, and other heteroatoms in the composites can provide pseudo-capacitance. Combined with these positive effects, the obtained anode material of supercapacitors has excellent electrochemical performance. At 0.5 A∙g−1, the specific capacitance is 313.6 F∙g−1 in 6 M KOH. After 10, 000 cycles, the specific capacitance can still reach 241.2 F∙g−1, and the coulomb efficiency is up to 96.2 %.

A novel sulfhydryl-modified superparamagnetic photonic crystal sensing material for the simultaneous heavy metal ions detection and adsorption treatment

A novel superparamagnetic photonic crystal (Fe3O4@SiO2@Sulfhydryl SPC) was successfully created for simultaneous visual detection and absorption of harmful heavy metal ions. This SPC was made by combining photonic crystal and superparamagnetic nanosphere technologies. During detection, Fe3O4@SiO2@Sulfhydryl nanospheres can move in the liquid sample and fully absorb the target substances. The detection range is from 1 μg/L to 5 mg/L, which corresponds to the critical concentration range for heavy metal ions in drinking water and sewage. The detection limit is 1 μg/L. In the detection process, the signal responded rapidly and remained stable when analyzed with a fiber optic spectrometer. Notably, the signal intensity decreased significantly, with a reduction of 62.22 a.u. for Hg2+ and 124.31 a.u. for Ag+. Simultaneously, the visual results were striking. The SPC changed color from orange (PC structural color) to the original reddish-brown color of the solution with the formation of magnetic aggregates (PC structural color disappeared). This SPC exhibits excellent sensitivity, offers a clear visual display, possesses strong absorption detection capabilities, is easy to use, cost-effective, and, importantly, does not cause secondary pollution. Furthermore, the harmful heavy metal ions absorbed by the SPC can be easily removed from the water sample using an external magnetic field, overcoming challenges related to efficient separation of the adsorbent material from wastewater. As a result, this SPC holds great promise for real-time visual monitoring and practical sewage purification processes.

Synthesis and characterization of bio-nanocomposite based on chitosan and CaCO3 nanoparticles for heavy metals removal

Water is a vital component of life; therefore, it is critical to have access to pure water for various life-sustaining activities including agriculture and human consumption. An eco-friendly nanocomposite based on chitosan (Cs) and nanomaterials (CaCO3-NPs) were combined to amalgamate the advantages of biopolymers and nanomaterials to overcome the problems of instability, poor mechanical properties, and low removal percentage of biopolymers. The as-prepared samples were characterized and were used for the removal of heavy metal from wastewater. X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope were used to distinguish the prepared absorbents. The absorption of the heavy metals by as-prepared samples was examined at different conditions. The kinetic and isotherm models of the adsorption process were also studied. The data showed that the removal percentages of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni by the composite were 98.0, 94.8, 99.0, 97.9, 97.4 and 98.3 %, respectively. The kinetic and isothermal studies showed that the absorption of these metal ions by the samples obeyed a pseudo-second-order mechanism and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacities of Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni ions by as-prepared nanocomposite were 83.33, 47.84, 98.03, 89.28, 62.11, and 63.69 mg/g, respectively.

Novel Cu2+-Fe3+ co-doped LaAlO3 ceramic with high infrared radiation performance

A novel high-emissivity Cu2+-Fe3+ co-doped LaAlO3 ceramic has been prepared by a solid-phase reaction technology at high temperature. The effect of the doping ratio (0.25 ≤ n(Cu2+)/n(Fe3+)≤ 1.0) on the infrared radiation (IR) properties of LaAlO3 ceramics was investigated systematically, and the mechanism of enhanced emissivity was revealed. The result shows that Cu2+-Fe3+ co-doping can substantially improve the IR performance of LaAlO3 ceramics. In the range of 0.25 ≤ n(Cu2+)/n(Fe3+) ≤ 0.75, the emissivity of LaAlO3 ceramics increases steadily with the doping ratio. When n(Cu2+)/n(Fe3+) = 0.75, the specimen has the largest emissivity of 0.83 and 0.82 in the 1.0–2.5 µm and 2.5–14 µm bands respectively, achieving an enhancement of 315% and 116% than pure LaAlO3. The improved IR properties of Cu2+-Fe3+ co-doped LaAlO3 ceramics can be attributed to enhanced impurity energy level absorption, free carrier ion absorption and lattice vibration absorption. These high emissivity Cu2+-Fe3+ co-doped LaAlO3 ceramics are non-toxic, non-hazardous and low-cost, exhibiting promising application potential in the field of energy-saving for thermal equipment.

Preparation of pectin from fingered citron peel and its protective effect on cadmium-induced liver and kidney damage in mice

Citrus pectin has been proved for its ability to bind heavy metals from industrial wastewater. However, few studies have investigated the detoxification effect of citrus pectin on cadmium-induced damage through in vivo experiments. In this study, pectin was extracted from fingered citron peel and subjected to pH-temperature modification, and successful modification of pectin's molecular structure was confirmed by a decrease in the degree of esterification and the increase in the content of free carboxylate groups in the structure. In vitro studies suggested that the modified fingered citron peel pectin (mFCPP) showed higher cadmium removal ability compared to unmodified fingered citron peel pectin (FCPP). A 20-week study in cadmium-exposed mice suggested significant improvement in liver and kidney function with co-treatment of pectin. Co-treatment with FCPP or mFCPP ameliorated the cadmium-induced cell death and oxidative damage in the liver and kidney. Moreover, the study demonstrated that both FCPP and mFCPP were impermeable through the intestinal wall, suggesting their binding with the cadmium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thus preventing cadmium ions absorption and entry into the systemic circulation.

Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan dan Waktu Kontak Ampas Kulit Durian (Durio Zibethinus L.) terhadap Penyerapan Ion Logam Tembaga (II) dengan Metode Batch

One of the effective methods in handling the impact of pollution by copper ion is the biosorption method using durian peel powder (Durio Zibethinus L.). The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum absorption conditions and the optimum capacity for absorption of copper metal ions (Cu2+) using the batch method with variations in pH, concentration, stirring speed, contact time, and mass of biosorbent. The results of the research showed that the optimum conditions for the absorption of Cu2+ metal ions were at pH 6, concentration of 220 ppm, stirring speed of 250 rpm, contact time of 90 minutes and mass of biosorbent 0,4 gram was 7,788 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm of Cu2+ metal with durian skin biosorbent (Durio Zibethinus L.) tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm equation with a determinant coefficient (R) of 0,1854. Durian peel powder was characterized by the FTIR instrument, before being activated, after being activated, and after contacting the analyte there were functional groups, namely hydroxyl (O-H), alkene (C=C), carbonyl (C-O), and ether (-COC) groups.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Awal Larutan Ion Logam Cd2+ terhadap Penyerapan Biomassa Kulit Langsat (Lansium domesticum) yang Dimodifikasi Metanol

Industrial activities have been growing rapidly lately. Increased industrial activity can improve the quality of human life, but behind it there are adverse effects on the environment and human health. There are many harmful heavy metals found in industrial waste. One of them is cadmium metal, which is one of the dangerous heavy metals that if accumulated in the body can threaten human health. Langsat fruit peel waste can be utilized as an adsorbent. Adsorbent is an absorbent substance/material to absorb heavy metal ions. Biomass was characterized using AAS instrument to determine the concentration of Cd2+ metal ion absorption in langsat peel biomass. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the initial concentration of solution on the absorption of Cd2+ metal ions in methanol-modified langsat peel biomass. The results showed that the optimal absorption of Cd2+ metal ions in methanol-modified langsat peel biomass was at a concentration of 400 mg/L with an absorption capacity of 9.387 mg/g.

Scalable production of wood carbon microspheres for high-efficiency carbon dioxide capture

Utilizing abundantly available biomass materials to prepare adsorbent substances is a simple and cost-effective method for CO2 adsorption, which, however, is often hampered by low adsorption capacity. Here, we demonstrate near-spherical active carbon (C-DWP/Zn) with high CO2 adsorption ability, employing delignification combination with ZnCl2 activation of natural wood powder. Removing lignin from wood cell walls facilitates easy absorption of Zn ions by the cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), thereby promoting micro/nano pores formation. Moreover, rapid dehydration of cellulose molecular chains alters the morphology of activated carbon, resulting in a transition from a granular to a near-spherical shape. Consequently, C-DWP/Zn with high specific surface area of 1769 m2 g−1, shows a significantly higher microporous volume than that of a control sample without delignification. The CO2 adsorption capacity of C-DWP/Zn, with values of 3.51 mmol g−1 and 5.12 mmol g−1 at 1 bar, 25 °C and 0 °C, respectively, is superior to that of commercial activated carbon. Attributable to its optimal micropore structure, C-DWP/Zn exhibits high CO2/N2 selectivity. Furthermore, the high carbon dioxide adsorption efficiency of C-DWP/Zn was maintained and the substance could be reused at least 20 times. Near-spherical active carbon adsorbents prepared from low-value wood powders, all featuring high CO2 adsorption performances, reasonable CO2/N2 selectivity, good recoverability, suitable heat of adsorption, and fast adsorption kinetics, which are promising candidates for practical CO2 adsorption.

Preparation of AlN–Al2O3 composites exhibiting antibacterial and water purification properties

This study aimed to develop new antibacterial and water purification materials without heavy metal contamination. Herein, AlN–Al2O3 composites were prepared by changing the content of AlN in raw material. The results showed that AlN, Al2O3, aluminum oxynitride, and yttrium aluminum garnet phases were generated by adjusting the AlN: Al2O3 ratio. The difference in the ability of AlN and aluminum oxynitride to release substances such as ammonium ions and aluminum hydroxide when reacting with water resulted in remarkably different pH values of the sample immersion solution, which led to an increase in the material antibacterial efficiency with the addition of AlN. Similar results were also obtained with zinc ion absorption. Therefore, AlN–Al2O3 composite ceramics can potentially be used as novel antibacterial and water purification materials without heavy metal contamination through the release of ammonium ions for conferring antibacterial effects and of aluminum hydroxide for absorbing heavy metals and suspended impurities.

Physical, microstructural, and radiation energy absorption properties of recycled CRT-screen glass doped with Bi2O3

In this study, pristine TV-CRT screen glass (TVS) and those doped with 10% (TVS-Bi10) and 20% (TVS-Bi20) by weight of Bi2O3 were prepared and analyzed for their physical, microstructural, radiation dosimetry quantities, and shielding features. The glass samples were fabricated using the cold isostatic press method. The surface microstructure and the chemical composition of the glass ceramics were probed with the aid of the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) system. Photon absorption and scattering quantities were estimated using standard procedures. The mean density values determined by Archimedes principle were calculated as 2.614, 2.788, and 3.056 gr/cm3 for the TVS, TVS-Bi10, and TVS-Bi20 samples, respectively. SEM images of samples showed that the increase in bismuth content increased sample crystallization and surface pores. The estimated mass energy absorption coefficients of the samples varied from 0.0177 to 11.7578 cm2/g for TVS, 0.0182–14.5218 cm2/g for TVS-Bi10, and 0.0187–17.7615 cm2/g for TVS-Bi20 for photon energies between 15 keV and 15 MeV. At 1 mm glass thickness and for 100 keV gamma rays, the dose rate was 13 MR/h, 17 MR/h, and 22 MR/h for TVS, TVS-Bi10, and TVS-Bi20, respectively. The mass stopping powers of electrons at 15 keV have values of 12.37 MeV cm2/g 12.21 MeV cm2/g, and 12.03 MeV cm2/g for TVS, TVS-Bi10, and TVS-Bi20, respectively. Generally, the ranges of the CPs were such that those of TVS > TVS-Bi10>TVS-Bi20. Bi2O3 increases the electron, proton, alpha particle, and carbon ion absorbing features of the TVS-BiX samples. Bi2O3 suppresses photon scattering, makes the TVS glass more sensitive to photon and charged particle interaction and absorption. The investigated glasses are useful for gamma-radiation, light, and heavy ion absorption and protection technology.

Puzzle resolved: CFTR mediates chloride homeostasis by segregating absorption and secretion to different cell types.

In the lungs, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates ion transport in surface-airway epithelia and submucosal glands, thus determining airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and mucus hydration. In this issue of the JCI, Lei Lei and colleagues report that the CFTR-rich and barttin/Cl- channel-expressing ionocytes mediate chloride absorption across airway epithelia, whereas the more abundant basal cells and secretory cells mediate chloride secretion. Thus, CFTR-mediated secretion and absorption of chloride ions in the lung are segregated by cell type, which has implications for future molecular therapies for cystic fibrosis lung disease.

Controllable Spin-Orbit Torque Induced by Interfacial Ion Absorption in Ta/CoFeB/MgO Multilayers with Canted Magnetizations.

Electrically generated spin-orbit torque (SOT) has emerged as a powerful pathway to control magnetization for spintronic applications including memory, logic, and neurocomputing. However, the requirement of external magnetic fields, together with the ultrahigh current density, is the main obstacle for practical SOT devices. In this paper, we report that the field-free SOT-driven magnetization switching can be successfully realized by interfacial ion absorption in perpendicular Ta/CoFeB/MgO multilayers. Besides, the tunable SOT efficiency exhibits a strong dependence on interfacial Ti insertion thicknesses. Polarized neutron reflection measurements demonstrate the existence of canted magnetization with Ti inserted, which leads to deterministic magnetization switching. In addition, interfacial characterization and first-principles calculations reveal that B absorption by the Ti layer is the main cause behind the enhanced interfacial transparency, which determines the tunable SOT efficiency. Our findings highlight an attractive scheme to a purely electric control spin configuration, enabling innovative designs for SOT-based spintronics via interfacial engineering.

APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY ON THE ADSORPTION OF Fe (II) AND Mg (II) METAL IONS USING KAOLIN AS ADSORBENTS

Kaolin is a mineral found in sedimentary rocks known as claystone. Ultrasonic is used to accelerate the adsorption of metal ions on the adsorbent. This study aims to see the effect of the optimal temperature and time needed by the ultrasonic device to absorb metal ions in wastewater. Choline was activated using HCl, then modified with CTAB and ABS surfactants. Organokaolin modified with ABS was used to adsorb Fe (II) metal ions at 50℃, and those modified with CTAB were used to adsorb Mg (II) metal at 70℃, and each time varied 10,20,30,40,50 minutes. From this study, the highest value of efficiency in absorbing Fe metal ions was 92.97% at 50 minutes of irradiation, and for the absorption of Mg metal ions was 95.69% at 50 minutes of irradiation. This shows that the longer the irradiation time used, the better the absorption efficiency obtained. FTIR test results showed the presence of groups, O-H, C-H, and O=C=O. The results of the SEM test showed that the voids that were empty before adsorption were filled with metal ions during the conditions after adsorption

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF γ-Al2O3@MgO SORBENT FOR EFFICIENT Pb REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

This study focuses on enhancing the adsorption capacity for lead ions by introducing MgO onto the surface of γ-Al2O3, forming γ-Al2O3@MgO. The γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method on a citrate template. MgO was incorporated onto the surface of the γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles, with varying MgO concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15% by weight), achieved through the absorption of magnesium ions onto the material's surface followed by sintering at 773K. The findings indicated that both the γ-Al2O3 and MgO crystalline phases exhibit a cubic structure (Fd3m symmetry group), which is formed within the sample. Although the specific surface area diminished from 166 m2/g to 135 m2/g, the surface basicity increased proportionally to the amount of MgO incorporated into the sample. The impacts of various absorption conditions such as pH, adsorbent mass, and contact time on the Pb2+ ion adsorption capacity was systematically examined. Optimal conditions (pH=7, adsorption time of 8 hours) highlighted that the γ-Al2O3 material containing 10% MgO by weight showcased the highest Pb2+ adsorption capacity at 145 mg/g, surpassing the adsorption capacity of 135 mg/g for the γ-Al2O3 material.