Iodine Dose Research Articles

Application of dual-energy CT with prospective ECG-gating in cardiac CT angiography for children: Radiation and contrast agent dose

ObjectiveThis research aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing dual-energy CT virtual monoenergetic images (VMI11VMI:virtual monoenergetic images.) with prospective electrocardiogram (ECG22ECG:electrocardiogram.) gating for reducing radiation and contrast agent doses in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD33CHD:congenital heart disease.). MethodsThere were 100 pediatric patients with CHD included in this study. Group A (n = 50) underwent dual-energy scanning with prospective ECG-gating, and group B (n = 50) underwent conventional scanning with retrospective ECG-gating. Comparative analysis of CT values of lumen, objective image quality assessment, subjective image quality evaluations, and diagnostic efficacy were performed. ResultsCT values, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR44SNR:signal-to-noise ratio.), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR55CNR:contrast-to-noise ratio.) were significantly affected by the VMI energy level, and they all increased with decreasing energy levels (P > 0.05). Combining subjective evaluation, the 45 keV VMI was considered the optimum image in group A. The 45 keV VMI exhibited higher CT values of lumen compared to conventional scanning images (P < 0.003 ∼ 0.836), but meanwhile, the image noise was also higher in the 45 keV VMI (P = 0.004). Differences between the two groups in SNR, CNR, and diagnostic accuracy were not statistically significant. Compared to group B, the 45 keV VMI showed fewer contrast-induced artifacts (P < 0.001) and higher image quality score (P = 0.037). Group A had a 64 % reduction in radiation dose and a 40 % decrease in iodine dose compared to group B. ConclusionThe combination of dual-energy CT with prospective ECG-gating reduces radiation and iodine doses in pediatric patients with CHD. The 45 keV VMI can provide clinically acceptable image quality while declining contrast agent artifacts.

Effect of previous administration of potassium iodine and different durations of low iodine diets for radioiodine therapy on the treatment of Graves' disease in iodine-rich areas.

To examine whether adherence to a low-iodine diet (LID) enhances the therapeutic efficacy of radioiodine therapy (RAI) in Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) in iodine-rich areas. We retrospectively evaluated 185 patients with GH from Aichi (n = 114) and Hokkaido (n = 71) Prefectures. Patients aged ≥ 18years with GH who underwent RAI between December 2012 and March 2022 were divided into subgroups based on pretreatment with anti-thyroid drug (ATD) or potassium iodide (KI). Patients were followed up with LID from 18days (group A) or 7days (group H) before RAI to 3days after RAI. The dose of radioactive iodine 131 (131I) was adjusted to deliver > 100Gy to the thyroid. The associations between urinary iodine concentration on UIC2 vs. 24hRU and UIC2 vs. the 1-year RAI success rate (SR) were investigated. Compared with UIC1, UIC2 was significantly decreased in all subgroups (P < 0.01). An inverse correlation between UIC2 and 24hRU was observed in the four groups; however, the difference was insignificant. The SR in groups A and H was 85% and 89%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed no association between UIC2 and SR in each group. Additionally, stratification of the 185 patients into quartiles using UIC2 yielded no significant differences in SR (p = 0.79). LID sufficiently reduced UIC in patients undergoing RAI. Although a lower UIC2 may increase 24hRU, it did not increase the success of RAI. The benefit of LID in enhancing the efficacy of RAI in GH treatment remains uncertain.

Evaluation of pulmonary computed tomography angiography protocols: A multicenter audit in Togo

Introduction : Pulmonary CT angiography is among the most challenging protocols to execute, with significant inter-center variability in image acquisition protocols and iodinated contrast media injection. This study aimed to ascertain whether the use of iodinated contrast media (ICM) and acquisition protocols are optimized during pulmonary CT angiography procedures.&#x0D; Materials and methods : This multicentric cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical with a prospective data collection was conducted in three radiology departments in Togo. It encompassed all pulmonary CT angiography examinations carried out from March 1st to June 30th, 2023.&#x0D; Results : In total, 89 patients, of which 52 were females (58.43%), were registered. The average age was 59.97±14.34 years. The average volume of injected ICM was 67.08±14.21 ml. The mean iodine dose was 0.31±0.07 gI/Kg. Catheters of 20 G (44.94%) and 18 G (43.82%) were most frequently used. The mean injection rate was 4.22±0.64 ml/s. The bolus test technique was the most employed (75.28%). The average acquisition delay was 17.77±12.26 seconds, while the average acquisition duration was 10.56±2.56 seconds. The average dose-length product (DLP) was 390.09±236.69 mGy.cm, and the average volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDI_vol) was 12.31±11.69 mGy. Vascular enhancement was insufficient in 7.87% of cases. No statistically significant difference was found on the rate of insufficient enhancement and optimization factors. Similarly, there was no enhancement difference between bolus test and bolus tracking techniques.&#x0D; Conclusion : The vast majority of examinations allowed for optimal opacification of the pulmonary arteries. However, the optimization measures for the use of iodinated contrast media are not consistently applied.

Association between vaginal microbiome alteration and povidone iodine use during delivery

BackgroundThe vaginal microbiome is a dynamic community of microorganisms in the vagina. Its alteration may be influenced by multiple factors, including gestational status, menstrual cycle, sexual intercourse, hormone levels, hormonal contraceptives, and vaginal drug administration. Povidone iodine has been used before delivery to reduce infection that may be caused by the ascendance of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria from the vagina to the uterus. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of povidone iodine use during delivery on the vaginal microbiome.MethodsThis study enrolled a total of 67 women from maternity services in three hospitals. During the delivery process, we have applied povidone iodine in three doses such as low dose, medium dose, and high dose based on the amount of povidone iodine administered, thus, we studied the three groups of women based on the doses applied. Vaginal swab samples were collected both before and immediately after delivery, and the microbial communities were characterized using 16 S rRNA sequencing. The identification of differentially abundant microbial taxa was performed using ZicoSeq software.ResultsBefore delivery, the vaginal microbiome was dominated by the genus Lactobacillus, with different percentage observed (86.06%, 85.24%, and 73.42% for the low, medium, and high dose groups, respectively). After delivery, the vaginal microbial community was restructured, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in all three groups (68.06%, 50.08%, and 25.89%), and a significant increase in alpha diversity across all 3 groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, as the dose of povidone iodine used during delivery increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (P < 0.01). Contrary, there was an increase in microbial diversity and the relative abundances of Pseudomonas (0.13%, 0.26%, and 13.04%, P < 0.01) and Ralstonia (0.01%, 0.02%, and 16.07%, P < 0.01) across the groups. Notably, some functional metabolic pathways related to sugar degradation were observed to have significant change with increasing use of povidone iodine.ConclusionPovidone iodine was associated with the vaginal microbiome alterations after parturition, and its significant change was associated to the dosage of povidone iodine administered. The escalation in iodine dosage was linked to a decrease in Lactobacilli abundance, and elevated prevalence of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia. There is a need for longitudinal studies to clearly understanding the effect of povidone iodine use on maternal and infant microbiome.

Cure rates after a single dose of radioactive iodine to treat hyperthyroidism

Cure rates after a single dose of radioactive iodine to treat hyperthyroidism

THU661 Marine-Lenhart Syndrome: An Unusual Presentation Of Hyperthyroid Disease

Abstract Disclosure: B. Ji: None. O. Adeniran: None. L. Soni: None. Background: Marine-Lenhart syndrome, also known as nodular Graves’ disease, is defined as the coexistence of functioning thyroid nodules and Graves’ disease. It is a rare syndrome, with a prevalence of approximately 0.8-2.7%. The two diseases may coexist or present at different times [1]. Treatment options include high doses of antithyroid medications or radioactive iodine and thyroidectomy in selected cases [2]. Clinical Case: A 72-year-old female with a medical history of right-sided breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and radiation therapy in 2012 on anastrozole was referred for multinodular goiter (MNG) evaluation in 2018. She was clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Her thyroid ultrasound demonstrated two isoechoic right lobe nodules measuring 2.1cm and 1.3cm, respectively. An isoechoic rounded isthmus nodule measures 2.1cm. Three isoechoic nodules in the left lobe measuring 2.6cm, 2.2cm, and 1.7cm. She underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) of two nodules in 2019, and both demonstrated benign follicular nodules with Bethesda II classification. At a follow-up visit in 2021, she reported unintentional weight loss but denied any other symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including heat intolerance, palpitation, tremor, or diarrhea. Physical examination was significant for exophthalmos, lid retraction, and diffusely enlarged thyroid with non-tenderness to palpation. Thyroid function tests revealed subclinical hyperthyroidism with TSH of &amp;lt;0.01uIU/mL (0.27-4.2uIU/ml) and FT4 of 1.5ng/dL(0.9-1.8ng/mL). Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) was 3.98IU/L (0.00-0.55IU/L), and TSH receptor antibody was 7.64 IU/L (0.00-1.75 IU/L). She was started on low-dose methimazole therapy. Thyroid uptake scan showed markedly elevated radioactive iodine uptake with 63.46% in 24 hours and focal nodular regions of increased uptake of the bilateral thyroid lobes compatible with toxic multinodular goiter. Repeated thyroid ultrasound in 2022 revealed stable-sized nodules with at least two new sub-centimeter nodules in both lobes. The patient was also seen by ophthalmology and plans to start teprotumumab treatment. At her most recent follow-up visit in January 2023, she has been continued on methimazole 2.5mg daily. Conclusion: The criteria for diagnosing Marine-Lenhart syndrome have not been well established. The possibility of Marine-Lenhart syndrome should be considered in hyperthyroid patients with positive antibodies and nodular goiter. In this case, she was initially asymptomatic with an enlarged multinodular goiter; three years later, she developed subclinical hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease and toxic multinodular goiter. Her symptom and thyroid function are well-controlled with low-dose methimazole. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

THU681 Change In The Clinicopathological Characteristics And Outcomes Of Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma In Korea: Focusing On Data From A Tertiary Hospital In Korea

Abstract Disclosure: J. Yoo: None. D. Leem: None. H. Ryu: None. H. Park: None. J. Kim: None. Y. Oh: None. T. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. J.H. Chung: None. Introduction: The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in adults in Korea increased until 2012, but has declined rapidly since then. However, the incidence of pediatric thyroid carcinoma increased until 2013, decreased slightly, and then increased again. Changes in the clinicopathological characteristics of pediatric thyroid carcinoma over time have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of pediatric thyroid carcinoma from 1995 to 2022. Subjects and Methods: A total of 170 patients under the age of 19 years who were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma at tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea were enrolled. The patients were divided into four groups based on the year of initial surgery: 1995 – 2005 (n = 33), 2006 – 2010 (n = 46), 2011 – 2015 (n = 57), and 2016 – 2022 (n = 34). Results: The age at diagnosis, gender, primary tumor size, T stage, N stage, and M stage did not significantly differ among the four groups. Also, there was no significant difference over time in the route of detection (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic; P for trend = 0.519). The incidence of diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma tended to increase over time (P=0.06). Surgical extent (P for trend = 0.001) and cumulative radioactive iodine (RAI) dose (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.001) significantly decreased over time. Nevertheless, the disease-free survival among the four groups did not change during the median follow-up 115.5 (62.3 – 155.3) months (log-rank P = 0.451). Conclusions: Although the overall incidence of pediatric thyroid carcinoma is gradually increasing in Korea, surgical extent and cumulative RAI dose significantly decreased and the clinicopathological characteristics and the disease-free survival did not change over time. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

SAT510 I-131 Therapy with Dosimetry for Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: Recombinant TSH vs Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal

Abstract Disclosure: D. Awad: None. J. Hamsa: None. A. Fingeret: None. C. Johnson: None. F. Rutar: None. C. Carson: None. A. Kotwal: None. A. Patel: None. A. Thornburg: None. W.S. Goldner: None. Background: Dosimetry can be used to calculate an optimal and safe dose of Iodine-131 (I-131) for treatment of advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) is the preferred method of TSH elevation for I-131 therapy with dosimetry. At our institution, Recombinant TSH (RhTSH) is used in patients in whom prolonged hypothyroidism is deemed clinically unsafe or cannot tolerate THW. We aim to evaluate if RhTSH and THW are equivalent methods of preparation for I-131 therapy using dosimetry (I-131D). Methods: This is a single institution retrospective cohort study evaluating all patients who received I-131D from 2010-2022. Demographic, clinical variables were assessed and dosimetric calculations were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact testing. Results: Fifty-one unique patients were included with a total of fifty-five I-131D treatments, with 55% being female. Median (IQR) age at time of treatment was 60.3 years (42.8-70.4), and BMI kg/m2 was 29.3 (24-33.8). Of these patients 13% were stage I, 18.5% stage II, and 68.5% stage III/IV AJCC 7th ed. Sixty percent underwent THW and 40% received RhTSH. Gamma camera and blood activity measurements, at several time points following the pre-therapeutic I-131 dose, were taken to calculate the residence times and effective half-lives in whole body and blood. All patients demonstrated a monophasic elimination of I-131 activity in both the whole body and blood. Patients receiving RhTSH exhibited a slower elimination of the I-131 in the whole body than THW patients (effective half-life of 22 hrs vs 17 hrs) resulting in a higher fraction of I-131 activity remaining in the whole body 48 hours post-dose (25% vs 16%, p= 0.025). The effective half-life in the blood was also higher in the RhTSH group (p=0.025) resulting in a higher amount of activity remaining in the blood. As a result, the median (IQR) RAI dose was lower for those who received RhTSH (187.5 mCi (167-198)) vs those who underwent THW (260 mCi (202-306)) (p&amp;lt;0.001). As expected, TSH at the time of treatment was higher in the RhTSH group (p=0.0038). Thyroglobulin was higher at the time of treatment in the RhTSH group (p=0.031), but thyroglobulin drop at three months was not statistically different (p=0.0682) between groups. Conclusion: RhTSH administration is non-inferior to THW as a method of TSH elevation and preparation for I-131D for patients with advanced DTC. RhTSH, in comparison to THW, results in a significantly longer half-life in the whole-body and blood resulting in a lower calculated RAI dose. More studies are needed to confirm these findings. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

SAT490 Graves’ Disease In Remission Aggravated By Himalayan Salt Consumption

Abstract Disclosure: M.K. Shakir: None. K.F. Brown: None. J.S. Hatfield: None. N.O. Vietor: None. T.D. Hoang: None. Introduction: In iodine-replete countries, iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis may occasionally develop after ingestion or therapy with high doses of iodine. Recently, Himalayan salt has become very popular to bridge iodine deficiency, control hypothyroidism, and improve thyroid function. We report a patient with a history of treated Graves’ disease (GD) who developed acute thyrotoxicosis following the use of Himalayan salt. Case report: A 58-year-old woman presented with symptoms of heat intolerance, and unexpected 18-lbs weight loss over 3 months. Physical examination: HR 108 bpm, BP 110/70 mm Hg, normal eye examination, thyroid 45 gms, diffusely enlarged. Examinations of the heart, lungs and abdomen were normal. Lab tests: TSH 0.01 IU/mL, free T4 3.8 ng/dL, T3 308 pg/dL, thyrotropin receptor Ab 4.2 IU/L (&amp;lt;1.0), and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin 1.89 1U/L (0.06-0.55). The I131 uptake was 60% at 4 hours and the thyroid scan revealed diffuse homogenous uptake confirming GD. She was treated with methimazole (MMI) for 2 years and remission was achieved. MMI was stopped and she remained euthyroid. Twelve months later, she developed hyperthyroid symptoms with a 15-lb weight loss, palpitations, and anxiety. Examination confirmed a 50-gram diffuse goiter and other physical findings consistent with hyperthyroidism. She admitted that she had been taking Himalayan salt (approximately 10 grams daily) in place of regular salt for the past 6 months. Lab tests confirmed recurrent GD: TSH &amp;lt;0.01 IU/mL, FT4 4.1 ng/dL, total T3 278 pg/dL, and I131 uptake was 55% at 24 hours. A 24-hours urine iodine was 898 mcg (normal 100-199) and plasma iodine level was 484 mcg/L (normal 52-109). A diagnosis of iodine-induced recurrence of GD was made, and she was treated with MMI and low iodine diet. After 3 months, she improved significantly and was able to discontinue the MMI by 6 months. A follow- up urine iodine was 189 mcg/L with a plasma iodine level of 78 mcg/L. Subsequently she remained euthyroid for an additional 18 months of follow-up without any treatment. Conclusion: The recommended daily dietary allowance for iodine in adults is 150mcg. Himalayan rock salt may provide a rich source of iodine and consumption of large amounts can lead to iodine excess. However, the available studies do not provide the iodine content in commercially available Himalayan salt preparations. Although the Himalayan salt is advertised to have beneficial effects in patients with thyroid disorders, this food supplement may have deleterious effects in susceptible patients who do not have iodine deficiency, have GD, or are at risk for thyrotoxicosis. Indeed, Himalayan salt use exacerbated GD in our patient, as evidenced by iodine overdose during acute exacerbation and resolution of GD with iodine normalization and low dose MMI. We recommend that patients with thyroid disorders be educated regarding Himalayan salt use. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Impact of plant-based protein hydrolysate and different iodine doses on celery plant production and quality

Impact of plant-based protein hydrolysate and different iodine doses on celery plant production and quality

Dual-layer spectral computed tomography aortography using a seventy-five-percent-reduced iodine dose protocol and multiparameter spectral imaging: comparison with conventional computed tomography imaging.

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the recommended diagnostic and follow-up imaging modality for acute aortic dissection (AD). However, the high-contrast medium burden associated with repeated CT aortography follow-ups remains a significant concern. This prospective study aimed to assess whether an ultra-low contrast dose (75% cutoff) aortic CTA protocol on dual-layer spectral CT could achieve comparable image quality with the full dose protocol. We also investigated the image quality of the virtual noncontrast (VNC) images derived from the ultra-low dose protocol. This study included 37 consecutive patients who were referred to aortic CTA from May 2022 to August 2022. The enrolled patients underwent full-dose contrast CTA and ultra-low dose (reduced to 25% of conventional) contrast CTA on dual-layer spectral CT in 1 day. Virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) were reconstructed with 40 and 70 keV. The VNC images were reconstructed for both protocols. Objective image quality evaluation, recorded as signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs), was compared between the groups using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. Subjective image quality was also compared between the groups. Finally, VNC images derived from the low-dose (VNClow) and full-dose (VNCfull) protocols were compared to the true noncontrast (TNC) images. Neither CNR nor SNR was lower for the 40-keV images reconstructed from the ultra-low dose group compared to the conventional images. Both were significantly higher than those of the 70-keV images. Regarding subjective image quality, vessel enhancement was not significantly different between the 40-keV VMI and full-dose images [ascending aorta (AAO): 4.37±0.46 vs. 4.57±0.48, P=0.096; brachiocephalic arteries: 4.34±0.45 vs. 4.51±0.49, P=0.152; abdominal aortic side branch: 4.42±0.48 vs. 4.51±0.49, P=0.480]. The VNClow images were similar to the TNC images but significantly different from the VNCfull images (P<0.001). Ultra-low contrast aortic CTA with a 75%-reduced iodine dose using dual-layer spectral CT and the derived VNC achieved image quality comparable to that of conventional CTA and TNC images.

Predictive value of insulin marker before and after recovery of Grave’s disease patients

Introduction and Aim: Grave’s disease is a disease of the thyroid glands. Early diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can improve treatment and control. This study examined hyperthyroidism-related insulin hormone alterations before and after radioactive iodine 131 treatment. This study also examined how the medical condition affected these indicators. Materials and Methods: The participants in this study included 50 people who were diagnosed with Grave’s disease, as well as 23 healthy individuals as controls. Direct inquiry was used as the technique for gathering demographic information from the patients who participated in the study. The thyroid stimulating and insulin hormonal levels of each patient were recorded before and after undergoing a hypothyroidism treatment regimen of three months that consisted of a dose of radioactive iodine 131 ranging from 10 to 20 mci. Results: This research indicated a significant relation to exist between age and insulin levels among patients diagnosed with Grave’s disease. In addition, the research also demonstrated a significant association between levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and insulin hormones in patients both before and after radiation therapy. Conclusion: Insulin hormonal levels could be used as a predictor of the severity of hyperthyroidism.

The Feasibility of Using a Deep Learning-Based Model to Determine Cardiac Computed Tomographic Contrast Dose.

This study aimed to predict contrast effects in cardiac computed tomography (CT) from CT localizer radiographs using a deep learning (DL) model and to compare the prediction performance of the DL model with that of conventional models based on patients' physical size. This retrospective study included 473 (256 men and 217 women) cardiac CT scans between May 2014 and August 2017. We developed and evaluated DL models that predict milligrams of iodine per enhancement of the aorta from CT localizer radiographs. To assess the model performance, we calculated and compared Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) between the actual iodine dose that was necessary to obtain a contrast effect of 1 HU (iodine dose per contrast effect [IDCE]) and IDCE predicted by DL, body weight, lean body weight, and body surface area of patients. The model was tested on 52 cases for the male group (mean [SD] age, 63.7 ± 11.4) and 44 cases for the female group (mean [SD] age, 69.8 ± 11.6). Correlation coefficients between the actual and predicted IDCE were 0.607 for the male group and 0.412 for the female group, which were higher than the correlation coefficients between the actual IDCE and body weight (0.539 for male, 0.290 for female), lean body weight (0.563 for male, 0.352 for female), and body surface area (0.587 for male, 0.349 for female). The performance for predicting contrast effects by analyzing CT localizer radiographs with the DL model was at least comparable with conventional methods using the patient's body size, notwithstanding that no additional measurements other than CT localizer radiographs were required.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a fixed little dose of radioactive iodine (I131) in treatment for Graves’ disease

Radioiodine (I131) therapy is a clinically established method for hyperthyroidism treatment. The most suitable dose for successful treatment is still controversial since it is affected by several factors. Thus, there are two techniques for proper dose adjustment; Fixed and calculated.This study aims to evaluate the response difference of hyperthyroidism to a low fixed dose of 5 mCi (185 MBq) in comparison with other fixed doses of 10 mCi and 15 mCi (370 and 555 MBq) radioactive iodine treatment protocols. It also aims to raise the possibility of euthyroid state after successful ablation with such a low fixed dose rather than hypothyroid results and long-life replacement therapy.A prospective study of 100 patients were clinically and scintigraphically diagnosed with Graves' disease (GD) from the endocrinology department at King Faisal Medical Complex. The kind and size of the patient's thyroid were determined before treatment and then randomized into three groups, based on the administrated radioactive iodine dose, (5 mCi, Group I), (10 mCi, Group II) and (15 mCi, Group III). The thyroid function tests were performed after 3 and 6 months, as a follow-up, for the assessment of the outcome.Similar responses for fixed doses of 5, 10 and 15 mCi were determined, with no significant difference between the three study groups. Successful ablation was achieved in 23 (71.9%), 27 (84.4%) and 22 (71.0%) patients in the 5, 10, 15 mCi groups respectively without a significant difference between the groups with p-value of 0.695. Moreover, all considered related factors to the outcomes show no effect except the thyroid size with a p-value <0.001. The baseline size of the thyroid gland was significantly smaller in the Successful ablation group and the Euthyroidism group as compared to the Hyperthyroidism group (51.36 ± 4.32 and 53.73 ± 5.19 vs. 70.54 ± 8.70; p < 0.001).Fixed little doses of 5, 10 or 15 mCi of I131 show comparable remission rates. These outcomes were not affected by any factor related to the thyroid except thyroid size. Larger thyroid glands have less chance of remission. So, we envisage that a 5 mCi of radioactive iodine dose is recommended as a routine treatment for patients diagnosed with GD.

Multidisciplinary Studies of the Thyroid Gland’s Synthetic Activity under Conditions of Iodine Deficiency Using Correlation Analysis

The article examines the results of a multidisciplinary study of the thyroid follicular cells’ synthetic activity of male albino rats using the author’s methods for determining the profiles of hormonopoietic cells’ special capacities and semi-quantitative analysis of electronograms, a package of mathematical methods using the principle of fuzzy logic, the cluster approach to grouping data, the principle of phase interval, correlation analysis using Pearson’s formula and evaluating the results according to the Chaddock scale, interpreting the obtained results from the standpoint of cytophysiology. A comparative study on the effect of low, moderate, and high doses of organic and inorganic iodine on changes in correlations between protein-synthesizing organelles of follicular cells under conditions of dietary iodine deficiency was carried out. Based on the data on the number, strength and direction of correlations, a comparative study on the effect of low, moderate, and high doses of organic and inorganic iodine on the thyroid follicular cells’ protein-synthesizing organelles under conditions of dietary iodine deficiency was carried out. The information on the peculiarities of thyroid hormonopoiesis under the action of iodine of different chemical nature was deepened and the greater activating effect of organic iodine was proved, which is of scientific interest and has practical significance for the development of personalized preventive measures for dietary iodine deficiency.

Optimal Abdominal CT Image Quality in Non-Lean Patients: Customization of CM Injection Protocols and Low-Energy Acquisitions.

We compared the image quality of abdominopelvic single-energy CT with 100 kVp (SECT-100 kVp) and dual-energy CT with 65 keV (DECT-65 keV) obtained with customized injection protocols to standard abdominopelvic CT scans (SECT-120 kVp) with fixed volumes of contrast media (CM). We retrospectively included 91 patients (mean age, 60.7 ± 15.8 years) with SECT-100 kVp and 83 (mean age, 60.3 ± 11.7 years) patients with DECT-65 keV in portovenous phase. Total body weight-based customized injection protocols were generated by a software using the following formula: patient weight (kg) × 0.40/contrast concentration (mgI/mL) × 1000. Patients had a prior abdominopelvic SECT-120 kVp with fixed injection. Iopamidol-370 was administered for all examinations. Quantitative and qualitative image quality comparisons were made between customized and fixed injection protocols. Compared to SECT-120 kVp, customized injection yielded a significant reduction in CM volume (mean difference = 9-12 mL; p ≤ 0.001) and injection rate (mean differences = 0.2-0.4 mL/s; p ≤ 0.001) in all weight categories. Improvements in attenuation, noise, signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were observed for both SECT-100 kVp and DECT-65 keV compared to SECT-120 kVp in all weight categories (e.g., pancreas DECT-65 keV, 1.2-attenuation-fold increase vs. SECT-120 kVp; p < 0.001). Qualitative scores were ≥4 in 172 cases (98.8.4%) with customized injections and in all cases with fixed injections (100%). These findings suggest that customized CM injection protocols may substantially reduce iodine dose while yielding higher image quality in SECT-100 kVp and DECT-65 keV abdominopelvic scans compared to SECT-120 kVp using fixed CM volumes.

Seaweed as food: survey of the UK market and appraisal of opportunities and risks in the context of iodine nutrition

Purpose Seaweeds are gaining broader interest in Western societies through their use in product development and the health-food industry. High nutritional value, low carbon footprint and sustainability are key drivers for seaweed uptake in Europe; yet high iodine intake from seaweed remains a concern. This study seeks to identify seaweed food products available on the UK retail market between 2018 and 2021 and assess their safety in the context of iodine exposure.Design/methodology/approach Here, a market survey (n = 37–40 retailers) was conducted in three annual waves to evaluate seaweed food product availability in the UK. The iodine dose of products was estimated based on a comprehensive literature review of seaweed iodine content.Findings This study shows a young, dynamic market with 2.3-fold increase in seaweed food product availability since the last available published data (2015). Specific iodine content labelling remains uncommon, and median iodine doses in a single serving of food exceeded 400 µg in all years. Some products, especially seaweed supplements, provide iodine doses above the tolerable upper limit and upper level of tolerance.Originality/value This study presents the most contemporary and comprehensive overview of the market for seaweed food products in the UK. With increasing popularisation of seaweed as a food, this study highlights the need for improved dialogue amongst producers, retailers, legislators and public health specialists to address the risk of iodine excess, and the concurrent scope for processing methods to reduce the iodine content in seaweeds.

Can Low-Iodine, Low-Radiation-Dose CT Aortogram Reliably Detect Endoleak after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair of the Aorta?

Double-low CT aortography (DLCTA) is increasingly used in follow-up studies of aortic aneurysm after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, whether DLCTA can reliably detect the presence of endoleak is not clear. From February 2014 to October 2019, patients who received EVAR, underwent CT surveillance, and had at least one standard CTA protocol (120 kVp, 400 mg I/kg) and one DLCTA (70-80 kVp, 200 mg I/kg) were included. The integrated findings of the standard CTA and sequential change were considered as the reference standard for the presence of endoleak. In all, 36 patients received TEVAR and 24 patients received EVAR; 62 standard CTA and 167 DLCTA results were analyzed. There were 2 type I (3.3%) and 12 type II (20.0%) endoleaks in 14 patients (23.3%). The performance of DLCTA in the diagnosis of endoleak reached 100% accuracy compared to that of standard CTA in case of the correction of CT findings by an expert second reading. Compared to the standard CTA, DLCTA scan reduced the radiation dose by 71% and the iodine dose by 50%. DLCTA with 70-80 kVp and 200 mg I/kg can reliably detect the presence of endoleak after TEVAR/EVAR.

Dose Calibrator Measurements in the Case of Voltage Fluctuations

Radiation dose measurements of radiopharmaceuticals and measurements of dose calibrators at different voltages and fluctuations were evaluated. Low and high doses of technetium, iodine and fluorine pharmaceuticals were measured in different voltages. The results showed that only low doses could make small and insignificant differences.

Toxicity Evaluation of Iodine Disinfectant Inclusion on Mortality and Growth of Artemia franciscana Nauplii

Artemia franciscana nauplii is a source of nutrients and pathogen vectors due to the non-selective nature of the filter feeder. Prevention of pathogens is done by adding iodine disinfectant to suppress the emergence of bacteria. One way to find out if a substance is toxic is by testing the toxicity and lethal concentration (LC50) on A. franciscana nauplii. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disinfectant effect of iodine and determine the lethal concentration of iodine in 50% of A. franciscana nauplii (LC50). Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using Artemia as test animal. The results of the toxicity test with several doses of iodine showed that the toxic threshold value for 96 hours was 20.31 ppm. The results were supported by the presence of stunted growth at a dose of 100 ppm by measuring the length and weight. The conclusion of this study is that the administration of iodine at several concentrations is toxic to A. franciscana nauplii if it exceeds 20.31 ppm and affects the growth of A. franciscana nauplii.