Iodide Water Research Articles

Extended hydrates interaction model: Hydrate formation and the energetics of binary homogeneous nucleation

The classical hydrates interaction model presented by Jaecker-Voirol et al. is extended into systems where the gas-phase number concentrations of acid and water molecules are of the same order of magnitude. Besides the sulfuric acid–water system, the hydrogen iodide–water and the nitric acid–water systems are considered. The distribution Nh,k of hydrates containing h water and k acid molecules has been calculated as a function of relative humidity and relative acidity. An extended formula for the Gibbs free energy of droplet formation is derived. The fraction of free molecules to the total number of molecules (free molecules+hydrates) is solved numerically and therefore the equilibrium constants of hydrate formation are not needed. Hydrate formation often has a significant effect on energetics of nucleation in the acid–water systems and the extended hydrates interaction model represents a definite improvement over the older hydrates interaction model.

Complexes between macrobicyclic polyethers and hydrogen bond donors; the crystal structure of ammonium iodide and 1,5,12,16,23,26,29,32-octaoxa [10][5.5]orthocyclophane

Interaction between hydrogen bonding donor molecules and four macrobicyclic polyethers derived from dibenzo-14-crown-4 with the bridge which forms the second ring containing (1) three, (2) four, (4) five oxygen atoms separated by (CH2)2units, or else (3) by two aliphatic and two more oxygen atoms on a benzene ring has been investigated by potentiometric titration, and by i.r. and u.v. spectroscopy. Hydrated complexes have been isolated from (2), with ammonium salts, glycine, hydrochloric acid, picric acid, and trichloroacetic acid and from (4) with ammonium bromide. Crystal structure of the ammonium iodide complex of (2), with stoicheiometry NH4I:(2):H2O of 1:1:n, has shown it to contain centrosymmetric dimeric [NH4+(2)]2 cations and iodide anions with n ca.1.5 in a unit cell a= 22.734(3), b= 14.288(3), c= 17.514(4)A, β= 100.46(2)°, space group C2/c. The phase problem was solved by direct methods and the parameters refined to R= 0.062 for 3 021 observations. Each ammonium nitrogen atom is nearly coplanar with six oxygen atoms of one ligand [N–O, 2.718(7)–2.868(7)A], and is hydrogen bonded to one oxygen atom [N–O, 2.981(7)A] of the other ligand in the dimer. The complex dimeric cations pack to form channels which contain iodide ions and water molecules held by hydrogen bonding.

Two Cd(II) with different coordination numbers in the crystal structure of hexamethylenetetramine–cadmium iodide–water (2/3/4)

Two Cd(II) with different coordination numbers in the crystal structure of hexamethylenetetramine–cadmium iodide–water (2/3/4)

Preparative and structural studies of halodimolybdates (II), III. Crystal and molecular structure of bis(4-methylpyridinium)hexaiododiaquo-dimolybdate(II)

The title compound (C6H8N)2Mo2I6(H2O)2 crystallizes in theP¯1 space group, witha = 8.127(3),b = 8.337(3),c = 10.415(4) A, α = 73.99(2), β = 84.35(2), γ = 73.91(2) ° andZ = 1. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to the unweighted and weighted residuals of 0.044 and 0.052. The structure is characterized by the eclipsed configuration of the iodide ions and water molecules within Mo2I6(H2O) 2 2− ion and very short Mo-Mo bond distance 2.115(1) A. Three independent Mo-I distances are 2.784(1), 2.760(2) and 2.797(1) A. 4-Methylpyridinium ion is planar within 0.02° A. The compound is isostructural with (C6H8N)2Mo2Br6(H2O)2.

Equilibrium Relationships between Fluid Interfaces: the System Methylene Iodide—Water—Air1

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Relationships between Fluid Interfaces: the System Methylene Iodide—Water—Air1William FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 5, 700–703Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01221a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Note on the System Sodium Iodide–Water.

Note on the System Sodium Iodide–Water.

Societies and Academies

PARIS Academy of Sciences, July 29 (CM., 201, 309–368). GABRIEL BERTRAND: Observations concerning the contributions by the atmosphere of sulphur to arable soils. Results of a series of determinations of sulphur as sulphate in rain water collected at Paris, 1931–1932, and of one year at Grignon, 1934-1935. The latter figure, although small, is sufficient to meet the requirements in sulphur of most cultivated plants. CHARLES NICOLLE and J. LAIGRET: Vaccination against yellow fever by the living amaril bacillus, dried and coated. The dried material was coated with either yolk of egg or olive oil before inoculation. Ninety-one persons were inoculated: there was no local reaction and no anaphylactic trouble. A single vaccination by this method replaces three inoculations by the current method. EMILE MATHIAS: Dauzere's theory on the conductivity of the air in regions exposed to lightning. E. J. GUMBEL: The greatest age, distribution and series. Statistical study of tables of survival. ALFRED LIENARD: The problem of the oblique derivative in the theory of potential. PAUL MONTEL: A formula of Weierstrass. PAUL BOURGEOIS and J. F. Cox:—The origin of comets. BASILE FESSENKOFF: A method of evaluation of the absorption in galactic nebulae. FERNAND BALDET: The resolution of Nova Herculis, 1934. According to an observation made at the Lick Observatory on July 4, Nova Herculis is double, with two com-ponents with 0.2 in. apparent distance. This is confirmed by observations made at Meudon on July 23 and 24. FRANgois CANAO: The study of intercrystalline corrosion by the method of luminous diffusion. D. G. DERVICHIAN: The interfacial tension between two liquids. ARCADIUS PIEKARA and MAURICE SCHERER: New experiments on the magnetic change of the dielectric constant of liquids. The large Bellevue electromagnet has been utilised in the study of the effect of the magnetic field on the dielectric constant as a function of the intensity of the magnetic field, the wave-length, and the angle between the electric and magnetic fields. E. FRIED-LANDER: The absence of natural p-radioactivity of beryllium. All commercial beryllium salts possess a marked radioactivity, but this is removed by careful purification, and it would appear that the pure products possess neither (3- nor radioactivity. MLLE. NIUTA KLEIN: The variation of the refractive index of non-annealed glass as a function of the time. The experimental results described appear to indicate that the variation of the refractive index with time is due to the transformation of the p variety into the a variety of the glass, a transformation prevented by rapid cooling. MLLE. MARIE LOUISE DELWAULLE: The system bismuth iodide-ammonium iodide water. ANDRE DE PASSILLE: The existence of a series of ammonium orthophosphates and orthoarsenates. G. DEDEBANT, PH. SCHERE-SCHEWSKY and PH. WEHRLE: The theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere. The average field of temperature. MME. ODETTE THELLIER: Condensation nuclei and particles in suspension in the atmosphere. PAUL CHABANAUD: The vomer, the ethmoidian complex and the peripheral path of the olfactory nerves of the soleiform Teleosteans. TIFFENEAU and BROUN: The microdetermination of ethyl, propyl and isopropyl bromides in the tissues of animals anaesthetised by these substances. OLIVIER GAUDIN: The comparative toxicity of the pyrethrines towards different classes of animals. Pyrethrines are highly toxic to Crustacea; with other animals, the toxic action is variable. MAURICE ROSE and HENRI BERRIER: The appearance of substances functioning as plant auxins, in the course of the development of Discoglossus pictus. JACQUES BENOIT: New experiments relating to the stimulation by light of the testicular development in the duck. CLEMENT COURTY: The magnetic micro-estimation of iron in the blood. MAURICE PIETTRE: The physico-chemical action of some electrolytes on the myxo-proteid of the blood serum. SERGE METALNIKOV and L. Y. MENG: The utilisation of micro-organisms against mole-crickets (Gryllotalpa vulgaris).

LXXII.—The ternary system mercuric chloride–mercuric iodide–water

LXXII.—The ternary system mercuric chloride–mercuric iodide–water

CLXXXVIII.—The system lead chloride–lead iodide–water

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.

The Electricity of the Contact of Gases with Liquids

SINCE the delivery of Helmholtz's famous Faraday Lecture, “the charge on the atom” has been assumed by physicists, notwithstanding the very serious objections urged by Maxwell against such a theoiy. A re-perusal of the latter, some eighteen months ago, excited me to make some experiments on the subject. It occurred to me that by allowing such solutions as potassic iodide and chlorine water to react in an insulated vessel some information might be obtained as to the equality or inequality of the atomic charges.