Involvement In Media Research Articles

Bacteriology of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Erbil City

Background and objectives: Otitis media with effusion is considered one of the major causes of hearing loss in children. The pathogenesis remains unclear, an interaction between bacterial infection, Eustachian tube dysfunction, aller- gy and immunologic factors is proposed. Newer theories suggest a bacterial induced inflammatory reaction is the main aetiology. The aim is to analyse the bacterial involvement in otitis media with effusion and to determine the bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents used in Erbil. Methods:Middle ear effusion fluid was collected from 40 children aged 2-12 years with secretory otitis media and scheduled to undergo tympanostomy tube placement. The samples were inoculated into culture media and stained by a gram stain. The bacterial susceptibility to (amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cefixime, and azithromycin) was tested. Results: Bacterial culture was positive in 24 out of 72 ears (33.3%). The most frequent isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (62.5%), while Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphy- lococcus aureus constituted (25%) and (12.5%) respectively. Sensitivity to amoxicillin clavulanic acid was 93.3% for influenzae, 83.3% for S. pneumoniae, and none for S. aureus, While 66.7% of S. aureus, 16.7% of S. pneumoniae, and none of the H. influenza were sensitive to azithromycin. Most of the cultured bacteria were resistant to cefixime. Conclusions: The prevalence of bacteria in otitis media with effusion in our study is comparable to what is reported in the literature, with Haemophilus. influenzae being the most frequent microorganism cultured. The finding of the high percentage of bacterial resistance to Cefixime and azithromycin suggests that the injudicious overuse of antibiotic is leading to the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

DISCONTINUOUS ADOPTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Microsoft ended its involvement in social media from the beginning of 2013, owing to a gradual global decrease in user numbers of MSN Messenger. The facts demonstrate that Microsoft used to own the most popular social media application for students to communicate with each other, but its major competitor, Facebook, gradually supplanted it to become the most popular social media platform in Taiwan. The decrease in the number of students of Microsoft’s social media platform reflected changes in discontinuous social media adoption. Students are involved in using social media, which means that they fall into flow (concentration) status. If students enjoy using a particular social media, they will fall into flow experience, which may influence student attitude toward and use of social media. This study examines flow experience and the discontinuous in student adoptions on social media based on a survey of 400 students and their experiences of changes to their favorite social media in Taiwan. The analytical results demonstrate that flow experience significantly influences perceived ease of use, together with attitude toward and intention to use social media. The managerial implications are also illustrated. To cite this document: Chih-Chin Liang, DISCONTINUOUS ADOPTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM , International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.9, No.1, pp.71-92, 2018. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1556

From websites to social media: exploring the adoption of internet marketing in emerging industrial markets

PurposeThis study aims to explore internet marketing adoption in emerging industrial markets across several internet-based technologies (i.e. social media platforms, static and transactional websites).Design/methodology/approachThis study is mainly based on an exploratory research design and investigated the online presence of 570 industrial organizations in terms of their involvement in social media. This study also examines if websites are used for basic marketing communications (brochureware) or for conducting advanced marketing activities. An online survey is used to explore the relationships between several factors and internet marketing adoption.FindingsThe study found that half of the investigated organizations are using the internet as a one-way communication vehicle through static websites. The study also revealed that decision-makers in emerging industrial markets are enthusiastic about social media, particularly Facebook. In addition, internet marketing adoption was positively related to perceived relative advantage, compatibility, organizational innovativeness, competitor and customer pressure.Practical implicationsFrom practitioners’ perspectives, the findings can help decision-makers identify the current levels of involvement in internet marketing. At the macro level, the high percentage of organizations with minimum involvement in internet marketing calls for conducting awareness initiatives to educate industrial organizations, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises, about the opportunities offered by the internet.Originality/valueThe findings from this study enrich internet marketing research because it focuses on industrial organizations in emerging markets, which is a rarely examined context despite its importance and potential.

Exploring innovation perceptions and practices among micro and small craft breweries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how micro and small craft brewery operators perceive and operationalise innovation. Moreover, in adopting the theory of innovation, the study addresses two under-researched areas, namely, innovation among micro and small firms and innovation in the context of the emerging craft brewing industry.Design/methodology/approachThe perspectives of 163 craft brewery operators located in Italy, Spain, and the UK were gathered through online questionnaires. In total, 24 face-to-face and telephone interviews with operators from the three nations complemented the data collection process. Thus, in total, 187 operators participated.FindingsDevelopment of new craft beer styles, new recipes, exploring with various ingredients, improving quality, or involvement in social media and culinary tourism were predominant forms participants perceived innovation. Various differences regarding innovation adoption were noticed, particularly based on participants’ country and on their role at the brewery. Furthermore, associations between the findings and the dimensions of the theory of innovation were confirmed.Originality/valueThis study is original, in that it represents a first effort in comparing perceptions of craft brewery operators across various countries. This comparison identifies ways in which craft brewery operators could maximise the potential of their firms. For example, the manifested interest in innovating through new craft beer recipes, or blending gastronomy and craft beer underlines alternative forms of adding value to craft brewing production. Importantly, some of these innovating practices differ based on participants’ country; such differences could also be considered by craft brewery operators.

Economic Impact of Digital Taxation: A Case on Information Communication Technology Industry Sri Lanka.

The principle intention of this study is to diagnose the possible impact of digital taxation on the economic factors like, investment, consumption and export related facts. For this purpose researcher has identified the Information Communication Technology sector as the main sector as most of the digital products are created in this sector. Literature review has been used to identify the history and the evolution of the digital goods taxation practices and has identified the policies related to digital taxation in USA and EU. The methodology of the research was emphasized on Qualitative approach. And the induction taken place in the research is mainly supported with qualitative interpretation with data collected through interviews and survey questions. Sri Lanka was diagnosed as a low taxed country in Export oriented ICT industry. Also it was found out that Foreign MNCs investment intentions are encouraged with this approach, increasing investment flow to the country. The related case comparison with USA and EU zones has proven that Sri Lankan demand for digital goods are stimulated with no taxed environment. B2B ICT services like Telecommunication to web design and development are directly benefited from the non-tax environment of the country. Disadvantages like loss of income through digitally imported goods are also discussed in the study. This paper would contribute to the academia of finance through the unique finding on the digital taxation. Further it would identify the necessary policy gaps of digital taxation that would enlighten the policy makers in the country. Lastly this research contributes towards the business fraternity and would throw some light on their future involvement in Digital media in their business activities.

Redefining User Involvement in Digital News Media

This article provides insight into the strategic priority of various approaches towards user involvement and how these are changing over time. A longitudinal series of surveys studying prioritizations among editorial staff identify a redefinition of user involvement in digital media: from 2012 to 2015 the role of users has been reframed from co-producers to distributors. This indicates that promotion and business development gain prominence at the expense of the traditional focus on user participation to ensure media’s social role. At the same time, the approaches increasing in importance are those least likely to challenge the traditional understanding of journalists’ professional role.

Kino i telewizja – zagrożenia i sposoby przeciwdziałania nadmiernemu wpływowi Stanów Zjednoczonych w Europie

The subject matter of the article is cinema and television in Europe, and more precisely the influence of the United States on their development and the way of counteracting this domination. The reason for the interests presented in the text is the conviction of the important role of the film in the life of every human community. The article answers the question of whether Europe is only a profitable market for American corporations and it draws attention to the fact that media history in the world is a history of mutual relations between American and European media. The growing importance of the United States in relation to the media caused the European Union had to take steps to prevent this domination, inter alia by issuing a number of legal acts, co-production, creation of European works and various forms of state aid. The aim of the article is to prove that Europe has a long history of involvement in media and audiovisual policy, despite the strong position of the United States and its various activities include the creation and development of regulatory frameworks, creation of financing programs and even representation of European interests outside the European Union. In the article, the author refers to a number of books, articles, legal acts and research.

Audience involvement in creative media for development: Making sense of the semiotic interface

This article explores the role that semiotic communication plays in the generation of narrative affect. It also draws on Suruchi Sood’s concept of audience involvement as being capable of increasin...

Ossicular status in patients operated for chronic suppurative otitis media

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, which presents with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic perforation. The WHO has classified India as a country with highest prevalence ( > 4%) requiring urgent attention to deal with a massive public health problem. CSOM is often associated with a bone eroding process which occurs due to the presence of cholesteotoma, granulation tissue or both. Methods: This study was conducted in a department of E.N.T, Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore for a period of 2 years. This study was conducted to evaluate the ossicular involvement in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). A retrospective-prospective study was conducted over a 2-year period on 86 patients who underwent surgery for the disease. Demography, ossicular status and hearing loss were studied and analyzed using SPSS programme. Results: The study revealed Tubotympanic disease was the more common type of disease. Ossicular necrosis was present in 35% of population. The most common ossicles involved were the whole of incus, followed by lenticular process and long process of incus. There was a higher incidence of ossicular disruption in atticoantral disease than in tubotympanic disease.

Association of microRNA 146 with middle ear hyperplasia in pediatric otitis media

ObjectiveToll-like receptor signaling activated by bacterial otitis media pathogens in the middle ear has been shown to play a key role in OM susceptibility, pathogenesis and recovery. Recent studies implicate microRNA 146 (miR-146) in regulation of inflammation via negative feedback of toll-like receptor signaling (TLR) in a wide variety of tissues, however its involvement in otitis media is unknown. MethodsHuman middle ear epithelial cells were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha, for two to twenty-four hours. Middle ear biopsies were collected from children with otitis media with effusion (n = 20), recurrent otitis media (n = 9), and control subjects undergoing cochlear implantation (n = 10). miR-146a, miR-146b expression was assayed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Expression of miR-146 targets involved in TLR signaling, IRAK1 and TRAF6, was assayed by qPCR in middle ear biopsies. Middle ear biopsies were cryosectioned and epithelial thickness measured by a certified pathologist. ResultsProinflammatory cytokines induced expression of miR-146 in middle ear epithelial cells in vitro. Middle ear miR-146a and miR-146b expression was elevated in otitis media patients relative to control subjects and correlated with middle ear epithelial thickness. A trend towards inverse correlation was observed between miR-146 and TRAF6 expression in the clinical population. ConclusionsThis report is the first to assess miRNA expression in a clinical population with OM. Findings herein suggest miR-146 may play a role in OM.

Variety in hybridity in sport organizations and their coping strategies

The governance of national governing bodies of sports such as sport federations is becoming increasingly complex. An important driver of this is the widening of the scope of activities of these federations, from servicing local sports clubs or providing sport activities, to involvement in professional sports and media businesses and aspiring to a wider social role in accordance with governmental objectives. This development is analysed from the viewpoint of hybridization of organizations. Hybridity appears when organizations cannot (or can no longer) be described as completely belonging to the civil communities, private sector, or state sector and become an organization containing a mix of sectorial, structural, and/or mission related elements. Quantitative and qualitative data is used to analyse how many of the national sport federations become more hybrid in their goals, use of resources, governance model and even in their identity. Since hybridity can create problematic tensions and governance dilemmas, the way in which the federations react to this development has also been studied. Hybridity has consequences for the role of different stakeholders in the governance process. Not all federations are involved in hybridization, but if they are, they are capable of coping with this by adapting their strategy. Some of them, however, are opting to develop into branch organizations and become fully hybrid organizations.

School leadership and the knowledge of teacher-student interaction on Facebook: a study of a lower secondary school in Norway

The use of various social media sites is one of the most common activities of today's adolescents. A content analysis of printouts of teacher-student dialogue from a 10th grade Facebook group throughout a school year suggests that teacher and school leaders' personal involvement in social media is of importance in a 'new era' of learning contexts. By lending perspectives from distributed leadership theories, the article investigates how teachers and students in a Norwegian lower secondary school jointly participate in Facebook interaction. It is important for school leaders to be present in the forceful and ephemeral nature of the social network sites students' use at any given time. The findings show that teachers and school leaders may profit from gaining knowledge about Facebook and equivalent sites for the benefit of leading instruction and managing schools. The implications for teachers and school leaders are thus discussed in this paper.

Social Media Foreign Policy: Examining the Political Use of Social Media by Ethnic Identity Groups in the United States

Several scholars have noted intergenerational differences between members of diasporic communities in the United States as a potential source of weakening strength among identity-based interest groups. For example, changing attitudes amongst the children and grandchildren of Cuban exiles in the US have been cited as sources of some recent changes in American foreign policy toward Cuba. One way for existing elites within diasporic interest groups to reach out to new generations of potential activists is through the use of social media outlets such as Facebook and Twitter. Scholars, to this point, have largely ignored the use of social networking by ethnic identity interests in the US. This article examines the use of social media by ethnic identity interest groups as an important new tool in this regard. Specifically, it attempts for the first time to measure the level of involvement in social media advocacy in a systematic matter. Results indicate that the most powerful ethnic identity groups in the US are also the most likely to have an active social media presence. In addition, groups that are ‘generationally challenged’ do not appear to be using social media to address this issue.

Twitter expands the reach and engagement of a national scientific meeting: the Irish Society of Urology.

Social media is the interaction among people in which they create, share or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and web-based networks. This year, the Irish Society of Urology (ISU) expanded its involvement in social media with a preregistered Twitter hashtag (#ISU14) for the annual meeting. The aim of this study was to highlight the use of Twitter at an annual national meeting held in 2014. The Symplur healthcare analytics website was used to prospectively examine traffic related to the 2014 ISU Annual Meeting. This feature was used to generate statistics for the number of impressions, unique tweets (excluding retweets) and distinct contributors who used the indexing hashtag #ISU14. Individual tweets were assessed using the conference hashtag on the Twitter website. The total number of attendees at the conference was 119, and 99 individuals participated in Twitter using the conference hashtag (#ISU14). 31 % of attendees participated in tweeting at the conference. Over the course of the conference, a total of 798 unique tweets were generated, creating over 665,000 impressions in cyberspace. 590 (73.9 %) tweets were generated from attendees at the conference, while 26.1 % of tweets were from virtual followers. 702 (87.9 %) tweets were from urologists and 439 (55 %) tweets were of scientific nature. Tweet activity peaked during the guest lectures on both days. Twitter use at the ISU has been shown to facilitate interaction between delegates and allows users to follow as well as participate from afar.

Review of "As Heard on TV: Popular Music in Advertising" by Bethany Klein

Bethany Klein. 2010. As Heard on TV: Popular Music in Advertising. Farnham and Surrey, England: Ashgate. Bethany Klein's As Heard on TV: Popular Music in Advertising provides an introduction into the recent history of popular music as a marketing tool in television commercials and assembles a chronological history of the most well-known usages of popular music utilized in advertising campaigns. Klein includes a series of case studies throughout this book, such as the Beatles's "Revolution," used by Nike; Iggy Pop's lyrically salacious "Lust for Life," used by Royal Caribbean Cruise; and Creedence Clearwater Revival's song "Fortunate Son," used in a Wrangler's ad. As a media industries scholar at the Institute of Communications Studies at the University of Leeds, Klein's focus is on the commercialization of popular music and its involvement in other media. As such, her main goal is to create a chronological history of the significant collaborations between musicians and corporate businesses and to provide insight into the decisions, reactions, and outcomes of popular music licensers and advertising industry representatives. Framed in the rhetoric of market communication and media research, As Heard on TVs broad scope makes it best suited for an introduction to intersections between the music industry, advertising, business practices, and popular culture. As Heard on TV explores the relationships between music executives, musicians, and music business practices through various modes of communication such as e-mails, written contracts, and verbal exchanges. For each commercial discussed, Klein provides any written or verbal accounts stemming from the advertising agency's inquiry into the potential use of a band's song to the final acquisition of the music license. Much of the author's information comes from newspapers, online magazines, magazines, industry journals, scholarly books, and interviews that Klein conducted. Many of these interviews were with music supervisors, musicians, advertising "creatives," and licensing managers. These individuals serve as the basis for much of her insight into the business side of music making and is an examination of the frayed relationship between marketing executives, licensers, and the music supervisors who must create a business arrangement between the band and the product's brand name. While Klein acknowledges that these interviews are not ethnographic in scope or nature, as have been studies of American culture such as Tia DeNora's Music in Everyday Life (2000), these interviews do offer a unique insight into the advertising industry. Drawing from a range of resources that include newspaper editorials and her own interviews with musicians or music supervisors from advertising agencies, Klein gauges audience reactions to the music. She introduces reception theory as discussed by socio-musicologists Simon Frith, Sound Effects (1981) and Music for Pleasure: Essays in the Sociology of Pop (1988), and Leonard B. Meyer, Emotion and Meaning in Music (1956), who examine the mass appeal of popular music. While I commend the author's efforts to present the historical happenings as well as the documentation from various news sources on the specific commercials that include popular music, it seems that Klein missed some opportunities to expand on the information presented from her almost thirty interviews. I wonder, for instance, what questions the author asked during their conversation, what commonalities, if any, were found in their answers, and what effect these commercials had on the person being interviewed. Subjectivity involving discussions on taste, musical style, and business ethics are expected, and Klein is well aware of this slippery slope. Still, her presentation would gain greater significance with further analyses in semiotics, as a study in hermeneutics, that specifically analyze the meaning of the song interpreted by different viewers who see the commercials. …

Re-Establishing the Relationship with the Public

Public journalism is viewed by many as a solution to the decreasing media presence and public involvement in regional news media. Core values in this approach are public deliberation, participation, and connectedness. This study investigates the added value of a citizen-centred approach to journalism routines and news content in a collaborative regional media project in the Netherlands. Data were gathered using observations, interviews, and content analyses. Results show that even in a newly created news environment, existing journalistic routines largely prevent incorporation of a bottom-up approach in daily news production. Furthermore, active citizenship does not seem to be common: citizens did not participate readily in news production. While news content shows a greater focus on local communities and citizen sources, citizen sources were overwhelmingly used in vox pops rather than more active roles in which their expertise, experience, or specific knowledge was relevant.

Blogging Identities on Israel/Palestine: Public Intellectuals and Their Audiences

AbstractDrawing on our research and blogging on Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we make three claims about the role of scholar-bloggers in the social media age. First, as scholar-bloggers with some degree of ethno-national attachments related to our area of expertise, we contend that we are well positioned to issue the kinds of critiques that may resonate more deeply due to the very subjectivity that some perceive as a liability. Second, through the melding of scholarly arguments with popular writing forms, scholar-bloggers are uniquely poised to be at the forefront of public engagement and political literacy both with social media publics and with students. Third, the subjectivity hazard is an intrinsic part of any type of research and writing, whether that writing is aimed at a scholarly audience or any other, and should not be used as an argument against academic involvement in social media. Ultimately, subjectivities of both consumers and producers can evolve through these highly interactive media, a dynamic that deserves further examination.

018 One Step Beyond: Working in partnership with CCGs to extend access to Bereavement Services

AimsThe service aims to - Provide access to bereavement support for all bereaved people irrespective of age, culture disability and gender - Assess bereavement need and signpost people pre and...

Review: Citizens' Media Against Armed Conflict: Disrupting Violence in Colombia - by C. Rodríguez

For nearly four decades, Colombian citizens have lived with violence between the military, paramilitary, and guerilla groups. Men go to work afraid of being stopped on the street, and women live in fear of their husbands or sons dying in the violence. Children attend school and learn in the violence that surrounds them. It is within the context of constant overt and sublevel violence that Clemencia Rodríguez positions her study of citizens' media. Rodríguez analyzes citizens' media in three cities within warring Colombia, and how citizen's media helps citizens to negotiate the mental and social effects of such sustained violence. Through a close analysis of the communities' response and involvement in citizens' media, Rodríguez is able to demonstrate that citizens' media—rather than media as government watchdog or news purveyor—is able to effectively combat the negative impacts of relentless violence such as mistrust, fear, and reclusiveness. It does so by creating a space for people to come together not as enemies or strangers, but rather as neighbors. Additionally, by focusing their media endeavors on the community rather than on the violence, citizens' media takes power away from the negative effects of violence and gives it to the community in the form of shared experience.

Trust and Involvement in Tourism Social Media and Web-Based Travel Information Sources

While utilisation of electronic social media is increasingly relevant as tourism practices, there is still a deficiency of empirical research on tourists' creation and use of various types of online content. This study maps and explores Scandinavian tourists' perceptions of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 information sources and scrutinises influence of electronic social media on holidaymakers' information sharing, based on a summer season survey in the mature and well-known destination of Mallorca, Spain. Empirical evidence is presented on perceived trustworthiness of social media platforms and other Internet-based information. The study also examines tourists' involvement in developing and sharing of virtual content. It critically analyses technological mediation through electronic word-of-mouth and involvement factors related to virtual dissemination of travel narratives. Moreover, the paper discusses information intensity, hedonic aspects and utilitarian values of tourist information in relation to interaction aspects of social media, in a context of holiday choices and online booking.