Involvement In Entrepreneurship Research Articles

A Conceptual Paper in Developing Model of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems to Boost Graduate Entrepreneurs Through Longitudinal Study

High unemployment among university graduates in Malaysia is concerning. Factors contributing to the university ecosystem that support the creation of student and graduate entrepreneurs remain debatable. The OCDC Entrepreneurial Ecosystems framework is the reference for most universities, and evaluating the weaknesses and strengths in the ecosystem pillars at the university level allows for clarity on relevant variables. The main objective of this study is to reconsider the model in the context of Malaysian universities that will enhance student entrepreneurial growth to create jobs and generate income while lowering unemployment and improving GDP. The study will use a longitudinal qualitative multiple-case study approach through a focus group using semi-structured questions with three groups of participants. Samples will be selected using a purposeful random sampling technique. Two top management, three students involved in business while studying, and three entrepreneur alumni from UiTM, UPM, and USM will be interviewed since these universities were awarded the MOHE Entrepreneurial Awards. Data will be analyzed using thematic analysis via NVivo software. This study will contribute to implementing an entrepreneurial ecosystem model according to Malaysia's public university setting. Recommendations to the university and MOHE will be provided based on the findings to enhance students’ involvement in entrepreneurship while still at university. The government can improve on appropriate regulations in providing resources and budget based on this research findings so that the university can serve as an ‘incubator’ for driving university students to become job creators.

Entrepreneurial Attributes of the College Students Towards the Entrepreneurship

This study investigates entrepreneurial attributes, focusing on key elements such as the need for achievement, need for independence, risk-taking behavior, and entrepreneurial motivation, with a specific emphasis on college students and their involvement in entrepreneurship. The primary objective is to analyze the motivational aspects that drive students to embark on entrepreneurial endeavors. To fulfill these objectives, the current research conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the entrepreneurial motivation of students concerning entrepreneurship. The study was carried out at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University in Hisar. A systematic and proportional sampling method was employed to select a sample of 200 students, including 100 graduates and 100 postgraduates, who have faced unemployment over the last 3–4 years. It was observed that among the graduate unemployed students, there was a predominant indication of high entrepreneurial motivation (49.0%). Furthermore, they reported a moderate level of need for achievement (63.0%), a moderate need for independence (70.0%), and a moderate inclination towards risk-taking behavior (54.0%). In contrast, postgraduate students displayed a high level of need for achievement (51.0%), a substantial need for independence (50.0%), a notable propensity for risk-taking behavior (68.0%), and also exhibited a medium level of entrepreneurial motivation (53.0%).

Motivations and Issues for Women Entrepreneurs in Enhancing Business Performance in the Smart Tourism Sector of Bangladesh: A Case Study

In this case study, the impact of female entrepreneurs' motivations and obstacles on business performance in Bangladesh's smart tourism industry is investigated. The purpose of the study is to provide light on the challenges that women face and the variables that encourage their involvement in entrepreneurship in the smart travel and tourism sector. This study aims to advance our understanding of women's entrepreneurship dynamics within the unique context of Bangladesh's smart tourism industry by carrying out an exhaustive investigation and analysis. The research uses a case study methodology and focuses on female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh's smart tourism sector. The study looks into the main reasons why women choose to start their own businesses in this industry using qualitative techniques like surveys, interviews, and in-depth examinations of business performance metrics. The focus of the research is to provide insight into the tactics used by female entrepreneurs to overcome obstacles, innovate within their companies, and support the expansion of the travel and tourism industry. Additionally, the study looks at how these incentives and difficulties relate to business performance indicators like revenue growth, market presence, and sustainability in the end. The case study improves our knowledge of gender-specific dynamics in entrepreneurship from an academic perspective and has real-world applications for policymakers, organizations that assist small businesses, and female entrepreneurs. A more inclusive and encouraging business environment can be fostered by stakeholders by identifying the reasons behind women's entrepreneurial success in the tourism industry and addressing the obstacles they encounter. The ultimate goal of the case study is to enhance the success of individual female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh's tourism industry while also contributing to the industry's overall vibrancy.

Elevating Empowerment: A Holistic Digital Learning Strategy for Women in Aceh Tamiang After the Pandemic

Digital learning is an educational strategy that utilises technology to facilitate learning. In the realm of entrepreneurship, proficiency in digital skills is crucial for enhancing sales performance. Women's involvement in entrepreneurship, aiming to bolster the family's financial situation, has a positive influence on enhancing education. A family's economic well-being significantly impacts the educational opportunities available to the children within that family. This study sought to examine the empowerment method required by female-dominated small business players in Aceh Tamiang, both during and after the pandemic. The study used convenience sampling, gathering data through interviews, observations, and documentation. The acquired data underwent analysis through credibility testing, member checks, dependability assessment, conformability evaluation, and transferability examination. The findings indicated that achieving the empowerment of housewives/women as small business participants in Aceh Tamiang necessitates optimal collaboration among the government, private sector, and the community. This empowerment initiative specifically addresses the challenges faced by individuals during the epidemic, including the transition to digital methods of production and marketing.

STRENGTHENING THE WOMEN'S BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM: THE ROLE OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT BODIES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Purpose of the research: The primary objective of this research is to study the role of local goverment in developing countries, especially in Kazakhstan, in the promotion, support and sustainable development of women's entrepreneurship.Methodology: This study includes an analysis of the existing relevant literature in the main body in order to examine the role of local governments in promoting and supporting women entrepreneurship. The research methodology includes general official statistical data, as well as interviews with stakeholders related to women's entrepreneurship policy, interview analysis, identification and coding of important themes.Originality of the research: The research aims to provide valuable perspectives and feasible plans for stakeholders by putting forward recommendations for policymakers. The study seeks to consolidate insights on the importance of women's involvement in entrepreneurship for driving economic growth and advancing gender equality.Findings: The study revealed important findings regarding the role of local governments in supporting and empowering women entrepreneurs. These results contribute to a better understanding of the problems faced by women in the field of entrepreneurship and provide recommendations for solving them.

218 Entrepreneurship in Plastic Surgery – a Single Departmental Experience

Abstract Aim The specialty of Plastic and reconstructive surgery has long been at the forefront of innovation. However, perceptions of individuals focusing on entrepreneurship, particularly at a junior level, remain unclear. Anecdotally, trainees can be discouraged from participating in entrepreneurial efforts for fear of seniors’ disapproval. Method A questionnaire was circulated amongst doctors at the Royal Free Plastic Surgery department aiming to establish knowledge and perceptions of entrepreneurship. It included 10 questions to be answered anonymously. Results 18 individuals responded, including Foundation doctors (n = 2), Junior clinical fellows (n = 2), Core surgical trainees (n = 3), Specialty registrars (n = 5), Senior clinical fellows (n = 2) and Consultants (n = 4). All respondents (n = 18) understood the meaning of the term “entrepreneurship” and 44.4% (n = 8) had prior entrepreneurship experience. Perceptions of the connotations of the word “entrepreneurship” in surgery varied. 33% (n = 6) reported “strongly negative” and 33% (n = 6) “strongly positive” connotations. Notably, of those reporting “strongly negative” connotations, 80% (n = 4) were junior trainees at Core surgical training or below, and 20% (n = 1) were specialty registrars. Amongst the 4 consultants, mean perception on a 5-point scale was 3.75, indicating an overall “positive” connotation. Furthermore, 83.3% (n = 15) of respondents felt their surgical career had not provided them with opportunities to develop entrepreneurship skills and 94.4% (n = 17) would like further opportunities to develop entrepreneurship skills. Conclusions Perceptions on involvement in entrepreneurship in surgery are predominantly positive. Those associating entrepreneurial efforts with negative connotations seem to be predominantly junior. This result will hopefully encourage Plastic surgeons at all levels to become involved in entrepreneurial efforts.

THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOCIETY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

In the conditions of accelerated processes of the digital economy and the world economic system, the process of scientific research on the development of entrepreneurship and its development prospects has intensified. Therefore, ensuring the prospects for the development of entrepreneurship is a continuous process and is of vital importance. This article is aimed at developing the entrepreneurial potential of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in which the state of entrepreneurial potential is studied and scientifically evaluated using theoretical and empirical analysis. Also, the article shows directions for the development of entrepreneurship, improvement of organizational and economic mechanisms and increasing their efficiency. The attitude of the population of the region to the entrepreneurial potential was determined, the level of involvement in entrepreneurship and preparation for opening one's own business was evaluated. The necessary conditions for increasing the entrepreneurial activity of the population have been determined.

Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Emotions among University Students

Entrepreneurship education can emotionally impact students by instilling excitement, curiosity, and self-efficacy, influencing their decision-making when considering entrepreneurship as a career path. Emotions are essential in shaping student involvement in entrepreneurship, especially during the early stages of beginning a business. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial emotions among university students in higher education institutions. Purposive sampling was employed, targeting final-year undergraduate students from Malaysian public universities. A survey was administered to 453 students in their final year of study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 22 for descriptive analysis and SmartPLS 3.3.0 for testing hypotheses. The results revealed that entrepreneurship education and negative entrepreneurial emotions were modest, whereas positive emotions were high. This finding confirmed that fear is the greatest obstacle for students wanting to become entrepreneurs. Through exposure to entrepreneurship education, students’ entrepreneurial abilities and emotions to venture into business were significantly heightened. This suggests that entrepreneurship education was advantageous as it inspired students toward entrepreneurship. The findings of this study implied that curriculum planning committees prudently design syllabi at the university to incorporate theoretical and practical aspects within the entrepreneurship education programme. The curriculum structure should also emphasize relevant and applicable practicality in the real world.

P13 Entrepreneurship in plastic surgery – a single departmental experience

Abstract Introduction The specialty of Plastic and reconstructive surgery has long been at the forefront of innovation. However, perceptions of individuals focusing on entrepreneurship, particularly at a junior level, remain unclear. Anecdotally, trainees can be discouraged from participating in entrepreneurial efforts for fear of seniors’ disapproval. Methods A questionnaire was circulated amongst doctors at the Royal Free Plastic Surgery department aiming to establish knowledge and perceptions of entrepreneurship. It included 10 questions to be answered anonymously. Results 18 individuals responded, including Foundation doctors (n=2), Junior clinical fellows (n=2), Core surgical trainees (n=3), Specialty registrars (n=5), Senior clinical fellows (n=2) and Consultants (n=4). All respondents (n=18) understood the meaning of the term “entrepreneurship” and 44.4% (n=8) had prior entrepreneurship experience. Perceptions of the connotations of the word “entrepreneurship” in surgery varied. 33% (n=6) reported “strongly negative” and 33% (n=6) “strongly positive” connotations. Notably, of those reporting “strongly negative” connotations, 80% (n=4) were junior trainees at Core surgical training or below, and 20% (n=1) were specialty registrars. Amongst the 4 consultants, mean perception on a 5-point scale was 3.75, indicating an overall “positive” connotation. Furthermore, 83.3% (n=15) of respondents felt their surgical career had not provided them with opportunities to develop entrepreneurship skills and 94.4% (n=17) would like further opportunities to develop entrepreneurship skills. Conclusion Perceptions on involvement in entrepreneurship in surgery are predominantly positive. Those associating entrepreneurial efforts with negative connotations seem to be predominantly junior. This result will hopefully encourage Plastic surgeons at all levels to become involved in entrepreneurial efforts.

Factors Influencing Women’s Involvement in Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in socio-economic growth of a country and is a major concern to both scholars and policy makers. Within entrepreneurial ecosystem, women entrepreneurs are also regarded as new growth engine of socio-economic development. Women historically have little access to traditional forms of business ventures. But these days, women’s entrepreneurship has been spoken everywhere in each part of the world. In relation to the phenomenon, it is necessary to identify the factors that motivate women into entrepreneurship. This study aims to explore the factors that influence women's participation in entrepreneurship activities. Using a qualitative method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. The discussions addressed various factors affecting the involvement of these women in their business activities. Research results show that there are five factors affecting the active participation of informants in startup activities; (1) Family’s support, (2) Environmental Effect, (3) Increase the Income Level of the Family, (4) Family Heritage Business and Exposure, and (5) Self-Independence. The findings of this study can be used as an inspiration to increase the number of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam. In addition, it can also be used as a reference to motivate women to become entrepreneurs.

Factors Influencing Women's Involvement in Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study

Factors Influencing Women's Involvement in Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative Study

Women Entrepreneurship Index Prediction Model with Automated Statistical Analysis

Recently, gender equality and women’s entrepreneurship have gained considerable attention in global economic development. Prior to the design of any policy interventions to increase women’s entrepreneurship, it is significant to comprehend the factors motivating women to become entrepreneurs. The non-understanding of the factors can result in the endurance of low living standards and the design of expensive and ineffectual policies. But female involvement in entrepreneurship becomes higher in developing economies compared to developed economies. Women Entrepreneurship Index (WEI) plays a vital role in determining the factors that enable the flourishment of high potential female entrepreneurs which enhances economic welfare and contributes to the economic and social fabric of society. Therefore, it is needed to design an automated and accurate WEI prediction model to improve women’s entrepreneurship. In this view, this article develops an automated statistical analysis enabled WEI predictive (ASA-WEIP) model. The proposed ASA-WEIP technique aims to effectually determine the WEI. The proposed ASA-WEIP technique encompasses a series of sub-processes such as pre-processing, WEI prediction, and parameter optimization. For the prediction of WEI, the ASA-WEIP technique makes use of the Deep Belief Network (DBN) model, and the parameter optimization process takes place using Squirrel Search Algorithm (SSA). The performance validation of the ASA-WEIP technique was executed using the benchmark dataset from the Kaggle repository. The experimental outcomes stated the better outcomes of the ASA-WEIP technique over the other existing techniques.

Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance

We introduce a new measure of human capital, defined as employees' former involvement in entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurial human capital (EHC) complements traditional human capital measures accumulated through work experience and education. Using detailed longitudinal register data, we track the previous years of entrepreneurial experience for the population of employees in Swedish private sector firms. We provide evidence that higher EHC among employees is associated with significantly higher levels of firm productivity. The baseline result implies that a 10 % increase in employees being former entrepreneurs increases firm-level productivity by 3.9 %. Additionally, we provide evidence that heterogeneity in employees' previous entrepreneurial experience (e.g., the reason for entering and exiting entrepreneurship, type of venture, length of entrepreneurial experiences, and relatedness of technology) influences the impact of EHC on productivity. The results are shown to be robust to various estimation techniques, alternative definitions of EHC, and other performance measures.

THE FACTOR OF WOMEN AND GIRLS IN THE NEW UZBEKISTAN

In this article, protection of the rights and legal interests of women in the society of Uzbekistan, increasing their economic, social and political activity, providing vocational training and employment, wide involvement in entrepreneurship, social support of needy women, ensuring gender equality the ongoing reforms are highlighted.

Nature Or Nurture?: The Case of Entrepreneurship Education in Job Creation

Student employability is a common issue faced by most Malaysian public universities as reported by the Ministry of Higher Education. The program structure of most undergraduate degree revealed that university graduates fulfilled practical courses such as entrepreneurship which should assist in reducing the unemployment rate among fresh graduates. However, each year, the annual report on employability presents similar scenarios where graduates do not suit the employee requirements or have failed as a job creator despite using the employability skills which they have attained. Thus, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of an entrepreneurship education course among TVET students besides determining suitable pedagogical approaches in entrepreneurship education. This study also attempts to outline the key factors of students’ motivation in entrepreneurship involvement upon graduation. Data was collected by using semi-structured interview among 27 final year students based on their experience during participating in the entrepreneurship carnival. The thematic analysis was employed to identify related narratives recurring patterns or themes. This study generally found that students have some difficulty in applying entrepreneurship knowledge to a real situation. Therefore, educators should improvise their teaching method to a more current and suitable style to influence the student's motivation and intentions of becoming an entrepreneur. In addition, entrepreneurship education is an important program to aid the government in addressing unemployment. It also can facilitate graduates to become as a job creator besides as a job seeker.

Who Feels No Fear? Exploring the Drivers of Entrepreneurial Fear of Failure among Non-Entrepreneurs in Slovakia

Failure is an inseparable part and probably the most likely outcome of entrepreneurial activity. Fear of failure is among the key factors that hinder individual entry to the entrepreneurial path. While entrepreneurship literature mostly deals with its consequences, considerably lower attention has been paid to understanding its drivers. This is especially true in the Central European region, Slovakia not being exempt. Thus, our paper aims to fill this gap by analysing factors driving the entrepreneurial fear of failure among non-entrepreneur individuals in Slovakia. In doing so, we rely on the 2019 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for Slovakia and employ the ordinal logistic regression to test the hypothesised drivers of fear of failure among non-entrepreneur individuals. Our findings suggest that perceived entrepreneurial self-confidence and perceived ease of starting a business significantly reduce fear of failure. These factors are rather of an intrinsic and individual nature (the ‘I can do it’ factors). Further, in the case of non-entrepreneurs, these self-assessments usually result from expectations rather than from their own actual experience. Yet, the expectations themselves seem to be strong enough to affect the perceived level of fear of failure. We attribute this effect to the so-called failure feedback – an indication of a potential failure. Implications for Central European audience: Our study contributes to the debate on drivers of individual involvement in entrepreneurship and their specificity in the Central European context. We shed more light on factors influencing the fear of failure – one of the strongest barriers hindering individuals from starting a business. Despite focusing on Slovakia only, our study brings this topic to the table in the region. We contribute to the body of knowledge by suggesting potential patterns behind the fear of failure formation among the non-entrepreneur population, encouraging further investigation in the region and beyond, and proposing the practical implications for entrepreneurship policy, education, and training.

Proportion, Type, and Characteristics of Physician Entrepreneurship in Massachusetts

Although there have been signs of increasing interest in entrepreneurship among physicians as well as claims of a paucity of entrepreneurial activity in health care in general, there is little systematic evidence of the extent, type, and characteristics of entrepreneurship by physicians. Physician involvement in entrepreneurship may result in more innovative and financially successful health care companies. To evaluate the proportion and characteristics of physicians who founded new businesses and the types of businesses that they started. This cross-sectional study was conducted by matching all 33 770 physicians holding a Massachusetts medical license in 2017 with the Massachusetts new business registration records from 1960 to 2017 to identify companies founded by physicians. Data were analyzed from September 2017 to December 2019. The number of physician-founded companies in Massachusetts and the types of businesses as characterized by the stated purpose at the time of founding. Among the 33 770 physicians holding a Massachusetts license in 2017, 13 839 (41.0%) were women and 8029 (23.8%) were international medical graduates; the median year of graduation from medical school was 1994 (interquartile range, 1983-2004). A total of 6494 (19.2%) physicians had founded at least 1 new business, and 831 of the 2448 physicians (33.9%) who graduated from medical school between 1974 and 1978 had founded a business. A total of 9501 companies were founded, of which 6267 (66.0%) were clinical practice, real estate, or practice management companies; 703 companies (7.4%) were in the public interest, including advocacy, public health, and philanthropy; 533 (5.6%) were biotechnology, health care information technology, or medical device companies; and 1759 (18.5%) were other business pursuits. For physician entrepreneurs, the mean (SD) time from medical school graduation to company founding was 20.2 (9.8) years. Regression analysis suggested that female physicians founded companies at lower rates than male physicians (odds ratio [OR], 0.529; 95% CI, 0.494-0.567) and that there was an association between attending a top-10 medical school by National Institutes of Health research funding and starting a clinical practice (OR, 0.687; 95% CI, 0.616-0.766) or biotechnology company (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 2.951-6.344). The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that physicians may be substantially involved in entrepreneurship, although there may be disparities by sex. Facilitation of physician entrepreneurship by policy makers, educators, and institutions may enhance medical innovation and public health.

Challenges for entrepreneurship development in rural economies: the case of micro and small-scale enterprises in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT The question of why some small businesses survive and become profitable while others exit the market continues to attract attention. This study analyzes the role of the institutional environment and business formation process in entrepreneurial activity (defined by total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate) in the context of a high populous and low institutional trust environment. We find that the government's involvement in entrepreneurship through direct support programmes, differential incentives for enterprises engaged in different sectors, and to achieve social goals and political pluralism may reduce entrepreneurial activity. Also, support programmes aimed at promoting the formation of Micro and Small-Scale Enterprises may encourage the entry of entrepreneurs lacking a business strategy that takes into account risk-return tradeoffs. By focusing on the business formation process, this study adds to the debate on the implication of government intervention programmes in entrepreneurship and small business development.

Nature Or Nurture?: The Case of Entrepreneurship Education in Job Creation

Student employability is a common issue faced by most Malaysian public universities as reported by the Ministry of Higher Education. The program structure of most undergraduate degree revealed that university graduates fulfilled practical courses such as entrepreneurship which should assist in reducing the unemployment rate among fresh graduates. However, each year, the annual report on employability presents similar scenarios where graduates do not suit the employee requirements or have failed as a job creator despite using the employability skills which they have attained. Thus, this study aims to identify the effectiveness of an entrepreneurship education course among TVET students besides determining suitable pedagogical approaches in entrepreneurship education. This study also attempts to outline the key factors of students’ motivation in entrepreneurship involvement upon graduation. Data was collected by using semi-structured interview among 27 final year students based on their experience during participating in the entrepreneurship carnival. The thematic analysis was employed to identify related narratives recurring patterns or themes. This study generally found that students have some difficulty in applying the entrepreneurship knowledge to a real situation. Therefore, educators should improvise their teaching method to a more current and suitable style to influence the students motivation and intentions of becoming an entrepreneur. In addition, entrepreneurship education is an important program to aid the government in addressing unemployment. It also can facilitate graduates to become as a job creator besides as a job seeker

Women’s entrepreneurship as the part of economic systems inclusive development

Up to the third of all businesses operating in the formal economy worldwide are run by women, but most of these enterprises, especially in developing countries and countries with transitional economies, as Ukraine, are micro-enterprises with little potential for growth. Along with traditional indicators of economic growth, the inclusive economic development model takes into account human capital equality, environmentally friendly production, social protection, gender equality as factors of economic system sustainability. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of women's entrepreneurship in economic systems inclusive development. The objectives of the study are generalization of women's in entrepreneurship involvement role in inclusive economic growth; current state of women in various types of economic activity involvement analysis; the possibility of inclusive growth through the women's entrepreneurship development achievement justification. The object of the study is the process of economic systems inclusive growth through women entrepreneurship activity increase. It has been proved that, significant differentiation in women and men wage levels, insufficient number of women in business on management positions remain relevant issues today. The current state of women's entrepreneurship and gender equality aspects under inclusive growth and inclusive development issues was determined. Ukraine population structure and the distribution of managers and individual entrepreneurs by sex within the types of economic activity analysis has been conducted. The mechanism aimed at women's entrepreneurship inclusiveness provision, which includes regulatory, financial credit, organizational and economic, motivational and stereotypical components has been proposed. It has been substantiated, that entrepreneurship contributes to the middle class increase, and thus social and political stability strengthening, including gender problems that exist in the labor market solvation. The system of measures of women's entrepreneurship inclusiveness ensurement mechanism, which will provide an integrated approach, formation has been proposed.