Involvement In Decision-making Process Research Articles

Participative Governance Tools in the Polish Local Government

Participation is an important element of good governance, and has impact on both its efficiency and democratic character. This is why the local governments in Poland apply a growing number of diverse participatory tools in strategic planning, as well as problem solving. The article aims to review the most common among those tools to provide an overview of how communes encourage citizen involvement in decision-making process. Among others, the article discusses such popular tools as consultations and participatory budgeting, as well as the more innovative ones, including civic panels and city labs. It also reflects on how participatory governance tools should be assessed and which of their features are key.

The future of transport and stakeholders’ engagement: a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature

Although the transport systems have improved in recent years, they are still leading to different issues for sustainability. Developing a sustainable future of transport becomes essential and since the future is characterized by various trajectories, there is a need for careful and detailed planning and management of alternative solutions. Among the case study on transport planning in the last decade, one of the most used approaches sees the involvement of different stakeholders who, through their \“expertise\” degree, propose guidelines and policies to be adopted in the present to prevent future disruptions. However, transport is a complex system, and interests and evaluation factors change over time; the development of new solutions is rising new challenges for the actors involved in the decision-making process. Moreover, there is not a univocal consensus on how stakeholders\’ involvement should be carried out, and such future challenges might affect their selection, the sample size, and the interpretation of their answers. For these reasons, the purpose of our study is to provide a review of the literature on stakeholders\’ involvement in transport decision-making processes, analyse the evolution over time and provide insights for the future. The analysis will be carried out by applying a quantitative analysis using the Bibliometrix R package, aimed to have a critical overview and identify the main temporal patterns and the potential future topics.

Organizational Best Practices and Employee Job Commitment in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation

This study examines the effect of organizational best practices on employee job commitment in selected power/energy firms in Delta State. The study, anchored on the Social Exchange theory, adopted the survey research design hence data were collected from primary sources through the use of a self-structured instruments (questionnaire) that was validated and pilot-tested. From a population of 215 employees selected power/energy corporations in Delta State, Nigeria, a sample size of 140 respondents was drawn via the application of the Taro Yamane formula. The ordinary least square (OLS) technique was employed to test postulated hypotheses. Findings of the study reveal that, job security, employees’ involvement in decision-making process, and reward and recognition have a significant relationship with employees’ job commitment. The study therefor concludes that best practices exert significant influence on employee job commitment and recommends amongst others that corporate managers should endeavour to put modalities in place that will help to strengthen, guarantee and increase the level of job security of employees. Keywords: Employees’ Job commitment, Job Security, Employees’ Involvement in Decision Making Process, Employees’ Reward and Compensation. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-20-10 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

The Influence of Autonomy-Supportive Teaching on EFL Students' Classroom Autonomy: An Experimental Intervention.

Based on the framework of self-determination theory (SDT), this two-wave longitudinal empirical investigation examined the actual practicality of certain strategies that have been theoretically acknowledged as having potential positive effect on English as a foreign language (EFL) learner’s autonomy. Strategies targeting learners’ self-determined learning in the classroom in terms of satisfying learner basic psychological needs (BPNs) of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as well as SDT key concepts, such as learner sense of choice, intrinsic motivation, control over learning, goals and needs, and metacognitive skills, were implemented in a treatment group for 12weeks. A classroom observation was used to evaluate teachers’ autonomy-supportive teaching and a student self-report measure, and an observation were used to assess learners’ autonomy. The findings derived out from analyses of variance, covariance and a hierarchical regression revealed that the experimental intervention led to statistically significant increased EFL autonomy for learners in the experimental group. Learner perceived choice, autonomy support, competence, and intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between teacher autonomy-supportive teaching and learner autonomy; with perceived choice being the strongest predictor of learner autonomy. These findings acknowledge the vital role of teacher autonomy-supportive teaching in promoting EFL learner autonomy and recommend that, beside satisfying their BPNs, students should always be granted a larger space of freedom of choice, more control over learning, and more involvement in decision-making process.

A Study on Decision Making Ability and Participation in Various Agriculture Activities Performed by Farm Women in Khargone District of M.P

The role of women has always been a multi-dimensional and significant as women have performed well in case of agricultural activities, domestic activities, marketing activities as far as labour requirement is considered. The decision-making process is an important segment of every household because the functioning of family resource management depends on the efficiency of decision-making progress. So, women involvement in decision-making process has been of great importance because sampling method to make a sample of 120 respondents. Hence finally the sampling consisted of 120 respondents. More number of farm women were found to have level of decision making process: the highest decision making behavior in sowing followed by winnowing process, seed processing, irrigation management , collection of harvested crop, storage, field preparation, selection of seed/variety, marketing, Manures and fertilizer application, weeding, harvesting, seed treatment, Pest and disease management and soil testing.

Experiences with information provision and preferences for decision making of patients with acute stroke

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to gain insight into experiences of patients with acute stroke regarding information provision and their preferred involvement in decision-making processes during the initial period of hospitalisation. MethodsA sequential explanatory design was used in two independent cohorts of patients with stroke, starting with a survey after discharge from hospital (cohort 1) followed by observations and structured interviews during hospitalisation (cohort 2). Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. ResultsIn total, 72 patients participated in this study (52 in cohort 1 and 20 in cohort 2). During hospitalisation, the majority of the patients were educated about acute stroke and their treatment. Approximately half of the patients preferred to have an active role in the decision-making process, whereas only 21% reported to be actively involved. In cohort 2, 60% of the patients considered themselves capable to carefully consider treatment options. ConclusionsActive involvement in the acute decision-making process is preferred by approximately half of the patients with acute stroke and most of them consider themselves capable of doing so. However, they experience a limited degree of actual involvement. Practice implicationsPhysicians can facilitate patient engagement by explicitly emphasising when a decision has to be made in which the patient’s opinion is important.

Prevalence and associated factors of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: using 2016 Nationwide Survey Data

BackgroundContraceptive discontinuation for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy is associated with mistimed and unwanted pregnancies, unwanted births and unsafe abortions which has increased risks of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, research on the identification of factors that are associated with contraceptive discontinuation in Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia, using recent national survey data.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data analysis from of 2016, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey. A total of 10,871 reproductive-age women were included. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine significant factors of contraceptive discontinuation, and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of discontinuation for all contraceptives methods among reproductive-age women was 32.2% (95% C.I 31.2, 33.1). Rural residence (AOR = 1.94, 95% C.I 1.65, 2.28), women with no formal education (AOR = 1.68, 95% C.I 1.30, 2.17), women having no children (AOR = 1.95, 95% C.I 1.19, 3.58), husband desire for children (AOR = 2.57, 95% C.I 2.03, 3.26), women self-decision when using a contraceptive (AOR = 0.54, 95% C.I 0.38, 0.77), joint decision when using a contraceptive (AOR = 0.38, 95% C.I 0.29, 0.48), didn’t discuss about FP with healthcare worker (AOR = 1.28, 95% C.I 1.06, 1.54) and didn’t get information about side effects (AOR = 2.01, 95% C.I 1.59, 2.52) were factors significantly associated with contraceptives discontinuation.ConclusionThe prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation among reproductive-age women was high and multiple factors determined it. Thus, counseling on side effects, availability of other contraceptive methods, and partner involvement in decision-making process by health care providers are strongly recommended. In addition, women empowerment should be promoted so that women are able to liberally decide on when and how many children they wish to have.

Parent–Child Relationship and Marital Quality of Parents of Conduct or Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Unaffected Individuals: A Comparative Study

Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorders focus on certain disruptive and aggressive behaviour exhibited by a child or adolescent in relation to social norms and rules of conduct. Many factors related to family and parental functioning have been found to have an immense influence in the development and maintenance of Conduct Disorder (CD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). The purpose of the present study was to explore the parent–child relationship and marital quality in parents of children with CD/ODD and parents of the comparative group. The study group comprised 60 parents (30 mothers and 30 fathers) of children with CD/ODD, and the comparative group comprised of 60 parents of unaffected individuals. t test was computed. Findings revealed that the parent–child relationship of the parents of the study group was characterized by low attachment and communication; lack of consistent parenting; low involvement, parental confidence, and satisfaction with school; and high parental stress. Findings also indicated overall poorer marital life in parents of the study group involving lower understanding, level of satisfaction, involvement in decision-making process, self-disclosure, trust and role functioning; and greater feeling of rejection from spouse, despair, discontent and dissolution potential.

Influence of socioeconomic status on immediate breast reconstruction rate, patient information and involvement in surgical decision-making

BackgroundImmediate breast reconstruction (IBR) rates in breast cancer differ between healthcare regions in Sweden. This is not explained by regional differences in patient age distribution or tumour characteristics, but by differences in patient‐reported information and patient involvement in the decision‐making process. As socioeconomic status may play a significant role in surgical decision‐making, its potential associations with IBR rates were analysed.MethodsWomen who had undergone therapeutic mastectomy for primary breast cancer in Sweden in 2013 were included in the analysis. Tumour and treatment data were retrieved from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register, and socioeconomic background data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Sweden. Postal questionnaires regarding information about reconstruction and perceived involvement in the preoperative decision‐making process had been sent out in a previous survey.ResultsIn addition to regional differences, lower tumour and nodal category, independent factors increasing the likelihood of having IBR for the 3131 women in the study were living without a registered partner, having current employment and high income per household. Patient‐reported perceived preoperative information (odds ratio (OR) 12·73, 95 per cent c.i. 6·03 to 26·89) and the feeling of being involved in the decision‐making process (OR 2·56, 1·14 to 5·76) remained strong independent predictors of IBR despite adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Importantly, responders to the survey represented a relatively young and wealthy population with a lower tumour burden.ConclusionSeveral socioeconomic factors independently influence IBR rates; however, patient‐reported information and involvement in the surgical decision‐making process remain independent predictors for the likelihood of having IBR.

Stakeholder involvement in decision-making process: a test assessment towards transition to autonomous vehicles

Diverse stakeholder participation in transport planning is beneficial but difficult to achieve, as it deals with various levels of government, operators, users, and other interested parties. Furthermore, such planning is confined by issues of geography, economics and human demand, and in the case of transport it must integrate with other territorial constraints.The authors had an opportunity to carry out an accompanying research while municipalities or regional agencies establish a widened stakeholder involvement framework for municipalities including their surrounding ones, known as Functional Urban Area (FUA). In this process, aiming at optimizing commuter traffic, participating institutions are trying to set up a coordinating structure among various stakeholder in each FUA. To optimize the commuter traffic, a various new types of mobility services are considered as potential implementations such as ride sharing, car sharing, bike sharing, etc., as well as classical types of transport services such as public transport.In this paper, we present what kind of role each stakeholder can play for different types of measures towards environment-friendly commuter traffic. Following this, we present an assessment about how it may change along with the penetration of higher-level autonomous vehicles (AVs). It will add some extra roles to public authorities compared to today, especially as regulators and financers. Stakeholder involvement to address questions arising with the penetration of AVs onto the street will have to be carried out in a step-wise manner, starting with those having with endogenous motivation for sustainable mobility, and then being extended to further stakeholders.

Factors associated with patient satisfaction with health care among Polish older people: results from the polish part of the COURAGE in Europe

ObjectivesThe growing number of chronic conditions and functional limitations resulting from demographic changes and the aging of the population poses several challenges for health care and public health. Consequently, it plays a role in the assessment of the impact of diagnostic and treatment effects on patient satisfaction. The study aims to assess older patients’ overall satisfaction with the medical care and healthcare system in Poland and to verify such factors as patient-doctor interactions, access to health care and other sociodemographic characteristics as possible determinants of patient satisfaction at the later stage of life. MethodsThe survey data represent the polish part of the cross-sectional COURAGE in Europe study. Satisfaction with hospital care, outpatient care, and the healthcare system in Poland was assessed. The indices for the psychosocial dimension of the patient-doctor relationships and access to hospital/outpatient care were developed based on patients’ experiences as the possibility of talking about private matters, the clarity of explanations, the involvement in decision-making process, being treated respectfully, the duration of waiting and the ease of access to a preferred doctor or other healthcare professional. The ordered probit regression models were used. ResultsThe psychosocial dimension of patient-doctor relationships was associated with the satisfaction with both hospital and outpatient care. Being treated with respect (very good experience vs. bad odds ratio [OR] = 8.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.9, 34.4]) and the possibility to talk about private matters with medical team (very good experience vs. bad OR = 3.5, 95% CI: [1.1, 10.4]) during the last stay in hospital were reflected in the higher satisfaction with the healthcare system. By contrast, the involvement of patients in the decision-making process (very good experience vs. bad OR = 3.6, 95% CI: [1.8, 6.7]) or access to outpatient health care (based on developed index OR = 1.02, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.02]) were found to be significant determinants of satisfaction with the healthcare system in Poland. Other factors associated with satisfaction with hospital stay were gender and changes in health conditions, whereas achieving the expected outcome was related to satisfaction with outpatient care, and the expenditure for medicines and medical services – to satisfaction with the heathcare system. ConclusionThe investigation confirms an important role of doctor-patient communication skills in improving older patient satisfaction and highlights the need for identifying the psychosocial dimension of patient-doctor relationships as an important part of health care.

Involvement in decision-making processes and retention of health workers: findings from a cross-sectional study in the Rwandan Public District Hospitals.

IntroductionThe contribution of the health workforce for better health care service provision is undoubtedly of great merit to any health system. However, the public district hospitals in Rwanda have been faced with the challenges of retaining the health personnel. This study looks into the management approach to address this challenge by investigating into the effect of employee involvement in the hospital decision-making processes on the retention of professional health workers.MethodsA cross-sectional design with quantitative approach was used. With a population of 469 health workers from 3 hospitals, a sample of 252 respondents was considered. Data collection was done by use of survey questionnaire. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics to report perceived levels of involvement of health workers and intents to stay, and multiple logistic regression at 95% of confidence intervals to assess the effect of health workers? involvement in the hospital decision-making processes on the retention.ResultsThe findings revealed that health workers who perceived a high level of involvement in the hospital decision-making processes through the determination of teams for quality improvement in the health care service delivery were more likely to stay in the hospital (OR=100.111; P=0.001; CI=5.984-16.747) than those who perceived this function as low. It was also found that while an average level of involvement of health workers in the establishment of systems for suggestion in the hospital was associated with 6 odds of staying (OR=6.005; P=0.010; CI=1.529-23.571), health workers who perceived a high level of involvement were nearly 11 times more likely to stay (OR=10.952; P=0.001; CI=7.730-15.519) than their counterparts with low levels of perceptions.ConclusionAlthough there are positive associations between involvement of health workers in the hospitals decision-making processes and the intentions to stay, the existing level of staff involvement may have a negative effect on retention capacity in the public district hospitals.

PERCEPTION OF NURSES IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN PALLIATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CANCER IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS

Background: Nurses have a key role in promoting patients’ involvement in decision-making process of palliative care to improve their dignity and satisfaction. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring this involvement, especially in public health centers in Indonesia.&#x0D; Objective: This study aimed to explore the perception of nurses in decision-making process and to understand what type of decision-making made by health care providers in palliative care.&#x0D; Methods: This was a descriptive explorative study with qualitative approach. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview. Content analysis method by inductive approach was used for data analysis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) was also used.&#x0D; Results: Eight themes emerged in this study, namely: (1) Collecting information about patients’ current physiological condition, (2) Creating alternative strategies according to the patients’ current physiological condition, (3) Establishing implementation type to be performed, (4) Providing information to the patients, (5) Discussing decision-making between patients and family, (6) Choosing/rejecting an action by patients, (7) Performing selected actions, and (8) Evaluating action. Three points that are different from the existing theory were: (i) there was a discussion between patients and family, (ii) the absence of the process of collecting information after a patient rejects to act, and (iii) there were three types of decision-making: paternalistic, shared, and informed decision-making.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study serves as an input for nurses to pay more attention in decision-making process in palliative care in patients with cancer, and to encourage patients to give contribution in decision-making as part of shared decision-making.

A Cross-National Analysis of Parent Involvement in Decision-Making: Germany, France and Turkey

Being a cross-national analysis, the aim of this study, which draws on data from school principals, is to evaluate parents’ involvement in decision-making processes comparatively in Turkey, Germany and France, which are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and were included in the study in terms of some variables, such as data in Human Development Index (HDI) report 2016 and results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 reading skills, math and science literacy results’ based on demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural variables as well as achievements in education, population trends and parents’ involvement in education. Phenomonology research design from qualitative research methods was used in this study. Data analyses relied on content analysis technique. School administrators from Turkey, Germany and France were included through criteria sampling method from purposeful sampling methods. Interview technique was employed in order to collect data through a semi-structured interview form. The findings of the study highlighted that all participants agree on the positive impact of parents’ involvement in decision-making but there are some ambiguity how and what level parents must involve in decision-making processes. Some recommendations are made on how to improve involvement in decision-making process.

Family caregivers' involvement in decision-making processes regarding admission of persons with dementia to nursing homes.

The current Western health policy of ageing in place relies on a triad collaboration among patients, healthcare service providers and family caregivers. Such collaborations presuppose involvement in a vague juridical landscape. This article explores family caregivers' experiences with involvement in and influence on nursing home decision-making processes for persons with dementia. The data consist of 12 in-depth interviews with family caregivers. Using positioning theory, we demonstrate how family caregivers strive to balance their assumed duty to care for the person with their needs to care for themselves. Their involvement (or non-involvement) in the complex decision-making process is demonstrated through the following seven positions: (1) self-condemning determiner, (2) dominant, (3) proponent, (4) saluting, (5) pending, (6) prisoner, and (7) stooge. Furthermore, we discuss why expedient positions are more available for some individuals and the consequences of family caregivers' various positions on the healthcare policy aims of collaboration and equal healthcare services.

Decision-making pattern of rural women beneficiaries of National Rural Livelihood Mission in Rewa district of M.P.

Involvement of rural women in decision-making process has been of great importance because they perform every household activity and major farm activities with great devotion and excellent capabilities. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to know the level of involvement of rural women in the decision-making process in agriculture and allied activities. The present study was conducted in Rewa district of M.P. since the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) project has been running in the district since 2015 for improving the livelihood and empowerment of women. Hence, the sample of the study was consisted of 120 rural women beneficiaries of National Rural Livelihood Mission. The study revealed that 45.00 per cent of the total respondents exhibited low level of decision making pattern followed by 30.83 per cent had medium and only 24.16 per cent had high decision making ability in farming and allied activities The study suggests that the rural women should be actively involved in awareness and capacity building programmes of rural and agricultural development for enhancing their involvement in decision-making process.

Staff Nurses' Perceptions and Experiences about Structural Empowerment: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study.

The aim of the study reported in this article was to investigate staff nurses’ perceptions and experiences about structural empowerment and perceptions regarding the extent to which structural empowerment supports safe quality patient care. To address the complex needs of patients, staff nurse involvement in clinical and organizational decision-making processes within interdisciplinary care settings is crucial. A qualitative study was conducted using individual semi-structured interviews of 11 staff nurses assigned to medical or surgical units in a 600-bed university hospital in Belgium. During the study period, the hospital was going through an organizational transformation process to move from a classic hierarchical and departmental organizational structure to one that was flat and interdisciplinary. Staff nurses reported experiencing structural empowerment and they were willing to be involved in decision-making processes primarily about patient care within the context of their practice unit. However, participants were not always fully aware of the challenges and the effect of empowerment on their daily practice, the quality of care and patient safety. Ongoing hospital change initiatives supported staff nurses’ involvement in decision-making processes for certain matters but for some decisions, a classic hierarchical and departmental process still remained. Nurses perceived relatively high work demands and at times viewed empowerment as presenting additional. Staff nurses recognized the opportunities structural empowerment provided within their daily practice. Nurse managers and unit climate were seen as crucial for success while lack of time and perceived work demands were viewed as barriers to empowerment.

CCOs’ Strategic Role in Large Italian Companies = El papel del Dircom en las grandes organizaciones italianas

This study explores the extant state of art of Public Relations and Corporate Communication as profession in Italy. More specifically it aims to evaluate to what extent large organizations in Italy attribute strategic value to the function of communication, with a particular focus on the degree of its institutionalization and the strategic contribution provided by Italian CCOs to organizational competitiveness and success. To this end, an inquiry was conducted via a quantitative survey that addressed and outlined Communication department features and CCOs’ profile in 300 largest organizations operating in Italy. According to our findings, PR function has established itself within organizational structure, and Italian CCOs have become increasingly involved in strategic organizational decision processes. In their role CCOs serve as strategic advisors to CEOs and other Chief Officers. Additionally, within the most innovative organizations, communication seems to play an extremely pivotal role and is exemplified by CCOs’ high level of involvement in decision-making process. Our study allows us to outline a precise description of current trends within large organizations in Italy in terms of communication function and its role. Thereby the study underlines weaknesses and strengths of Italian CCOs’ role as well as it pinpoints areas that need improvement. Furthermore this study enriches the stream of research concerning institutionalization of PR and strategic communication as well as it provides practitioners and scholars with precise insights into the strategic role of communication and its link with innovation.

The relationship between nurse practice environment, nurse work characteristics, burnout and job outcome and quality of nursing care: A cross-sectional survey

AimTo explore the mechanisms through which nurse practice environment dimensions are associated with job outcomes and nurse-assessed quality of care. Mediating variables tested included nurse work characteristics of workload, social capital, decision latitude, as well as burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. BackgroundAcute care hospitals face daily challenges to their efforts to achieve nurse workforce stability, safety, and quality of care. A body of knowledge shows a favourably rated nurse practice environment as an important condition for better nurse and patient outcome variables; however, further research initiatives are imperative for a clear understanding to support and guide the practice community. DesignCross-sectional survey. MethodGrounded on previous empirical findings, a structural equation model designed with valid measurement instruments was tested. The study population was registered acute care nurses (N=1201) in two independent hospitals and one hospital group with six hospitals in Belgium. ResultsNurse practice environment dimensions predicted job outcome variables and nurse ratings of quality of care. Analyses were consistent with features of nurses’ work characteristics including perceived workload, decision latitude, and social capital, as well as three dimension of burnout playing mediating roles between nurse practice environment and outcomes. A revised model adjusted using various fit measures explained 52% and 47% of job outcomes and nurse-assessed quality of care, respectively. ConclusionThe study refines understanding of the relationship between aspects of nursing practice in order to achieve favourable nursing outcomes and offers important concepts for managers to track in their daily work. The findings of this study indicate that it is important for clinicians and leaders to consider how nurses are involved in decision-making about care processes and tracking outcomes of care and whether they are able to work with physicians, superiors, peers, and subordinates in a trusting environment based on shared values. The involvement of nurse managers at the unit level is especially critical because of associations with nurse work characteristics such as decision latitude and social capital and outcome variables. Further practice and research initiatives to support nurses’ involvement in decision-making process and interdisciplinary teamwork are recommended.

FRI0542 Preferences of maltese patients with rheumatic diseases for information on drug adverse events and shared decision making

BackgroundIncreasing importance is being given to a shared medical decision making (DM) process. However, not all patients desire the same level of participation in medical DM.1 There are no studies...