Involuntary Loss Of Urine Research Articles

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO DA INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA (IU) NO PÓS-PARTO VIA VAGINAL

Physiotherapy treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in the postpartum vaginal period is essential to strengthen the Pelvic Floor (PF), relieve symptoms and prevent future complications, promoting effective recovery and improving quality of life. The objective is to report the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) in the postpartum vaginal period, detailing how it affects the physical-social area of ​​pregnant and postpartum women and, aims to highlight the importance of physiotherapy treatment in the prevention and management of UI, showing how physiotherapy contributes to the improvement of symptoms and the recovery of women after childbirth. For this study, an exploratory bibliographic review was used as the research methodology, and the research sources were extracted from databases such as Scielo, PubMed, ICS, BVS, as well as specialized scientific journals and recognized websites, such as Hospital Albert Einstein and universities, and the time frame covers publications between the years 2015 and 2024. We conclude that Urinary Incontinence (UI) is a condition that can have a significant impact on the lives of women after vaginal delivery, affecting their quality of life and general well-being. This pathology results in the involuntary loss of urine, which can cause physical and emotional discomfort, limit daily activities and generate social embarrassment. Understanding the negative effects of UI is crucial to recognizing the importance of effective prevention and treatment strategies, especially during the postpartum period.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO DA INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA (IU) NO PÓS-PARTO VIA VAGINAL

Physiotherapy treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) in the postpartum vaginal period is essential to strengthen the Pelvic Floor (PF), relieve symptoms and prevent future complications, promoting effective recovery and improving quality of life. The objective is to report the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) in the postpartum vaginal period, detailing how it affects the physical-social area of ​​pregnant and postpartum women and, aims to highlight the importance of physiotherapy treatment in the prevention and management of UI, showing how physiotherapy contributes to the improvement of symptoms and the recovery of women after childbirth. For this study, an exploratory bibliographic review was used as the research methodology, and the research sources were extracted from databases such as Scielo, PubMed, ICS, BVS, as well as specialized scientific journals and recognized websites, such as Hospital Albert Einstein and universities, and the time frame covers publications between the years 2015 and 2024. We conclude that Urinary Incontinence (UI) is a condition that can have a significant impact on the lives of women after vaginal delivery, affecting their quality of life and general well-being. This pathology results in the involuntary loss of urine, which can cause physical and emotional discomfort, limit daily activities and generate social embarrassment. Understanding the negative effects of UI is crucial to recognizing the importance of effective prevention and treatment strategies, especially during the postpartum period.

Health risks associated with urinary incontinence among older Korean Americans living in subsidized senior housing.

We examined the association of urinary incontinence (UI) with physical, mental, and social health among older Korean Americans living in subsidized senior housing. Data were obtained from surveys conducted in 2023 with older Korean Americans residing in subsidized senior housing in the Los Angeles area (n = 313). UI was measured using a question about the frequency of involuntary urine loss. Physical, mental, and social health risks were assessed with a single item for self-rated health (fair/poor rating), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (probable depression), and the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (isolation from family and friends). Over half of the sample reported UI, with 46.3% experiencing it infrequently (i.e. seldom) and 10.3% frequently (i.e. sometimes or often). UI was significantly associated with physical and mental health indicators; the odds of reporting fair or poor health and having probable depression were 1.94-7.32 times higher among those with either infrequent or frequent UI compared to those without UI. While family isolation was not associated with UI, the odds of being isolated from friends were 2.85 times greater among those with frequent UI compared to those without UI. Our findings confirm the adverse impact of UI on physical and mental health and highlight its unique role in social health. UI-associated social isolation was significant only in relationships with friends, providing new insights into the distinction between isolation from family and friends. These findings enhance our understanding of the health risks associated with UI and inform strategies for health management and promotion within the senior housing context.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of electromagnetic field technology in the treatment of urinary incontinence.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a significant health condition that affects many people, especially women, negatively impacting their quality of life in physical, social, economic, sexual and psychological terms. Defined by the International Urinary Incontinence Society (ICS) as any involuntary loss of urine, UI can be classified into three types: stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which occurs with increased abdominal pressure; urge urinary incontinence (UUI), associated with the urgent sensation of urinating; and mixed urinary in-continence (MUI), a combination of SUI and UUI. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify the improvement in urinary incontinence after 8 sessions of treatment with electromagnetic field technology. This is a retrospective, descriptive and quantitative study, based on the information contained in the medical records and questionnaires of the patients evaluated in the Research and Development Sector of Contourline Equipamentos Médicos e Diagnósticos Ltda, based in the city of Sete Lagoas-MG, between July and October 2023. 12 female patients were treated, with an average age of 34.4. The results showed that Electromagnetic Field technology is capable of safely and effectively treating patients with UI. The treatment was effective, with the majority of participants (90%) experiencing a significant reduction in the frequency or even elimination of urine leakage episodes.

Myostatin Changes in Females with UI after Magnetic Stimulation: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background and Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine caused by a weakness in the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) that affects urethral closure. Myostatin, which prevents the growth of muscles, is a protein expressed by human skeletal muscle cells. Indeed, it has been observed that myostatin concentration rises during skeletal muscle inactivity and that suppressing serum myostatin promotes muscle growth and strength. Furthermore, therapeutic interventions that reduce myostatin signalling may lessen the effects of aging on skeletal muscle mass and function. For this reason, the aim of the study was to assess if flat magnetic stimulation technology affects serum myostatin levels, as myostatin can block cell proliferation at the urethral sphincter level. Materials and Methods: A total of 19 women, 75% presenting stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 25% urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), were enrolled. A non-invasive electromagnetic therapeutic system designed for deep pelvic floor area stimulation was used for eight sessions. Results: The ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) test indicated that the myostatin levels in blood sera had significantly decreased. Patients' ultrasound measurements showed a significant genital hiatus length reduction at rest and in a stress condition. The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire consistently revealed a decrease in mean scores when comparing the pre- and post-treatment data. Conclusions: Effective flat magnetic stimulation reduces myostatin concentration and genital hiatus length, minimizing the severity of urinary incontinence. The results of the study show that without causing any discomfort or unfavourable side effects, the treatment plan significantly improved the PFM tone and strength in patients with UI.

Frequency of urinary incontinence and attitudes towards urinary incontinence of women in Mersin, Turkey.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine or the inability to control urination. The International Continence Society defines UI as any complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI is a very important health problem that affects women's quality of life. It can lead to a decrease in women's self-confidence and prevent them from participating in social activities. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of UI in women living in Turkey, the factors affecting it, and women's attitudes toward UI. This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 903 women who applied to 17 family health centers in Mersin, Turkey, between May 10th to June 10th 2019 for any reason. The data of the study were obtained using the descriptive information form and the Urinary Incontinence Attitude Scale (UIAS). Data analysis was performed with SPSS-21 using percentiles, mean±standard deviation, and Pearson chi-square tests. According to the results obtained, 28.9% of the women had UI problems, more than half (54.6%) of the women with UI did not present to a health institution for this problem, and 54.8% did not receive any treatment. In addition, the frequency of experiencing UI was higher in those with a chronic disease (59.2%) than in those without any chronic disease, and the difference was significant. The demographic and fertility characteristics of the women influenced the frequency of experiencing UI. In addition, among the women participating in the study, those with negative attitudes toward UI experienced more UI problems. There should be greater efforts to raise awareness among women on this subject.

Narrative patent review of penile clamp, artificial urinary sphincter, and sling innovation in the management of male stress urinary incontinence.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine affecting 1-3% of the male population. To manage leakage, patients may try a plethora of penile clamps. and may even consider artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) or sling implantation. We aimed to synthesize the evolution of the modern clamp, AUS, and sling through a comprehensive patent search. Patents were found through the databases of United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), GooglePatents, and the World Intellectual Property Office Patentscope, covering patents published through January 6, 2024. We found 30 different patents (10 clamps, 13 AUS, and 7 slings), including the patents pertaining to the functionalities and design of five commercially available penile clamps, the American Medical System 800 (AMS 800), the InVance, AdVance, AdVance XP, and Virtue Slings. The clamps, spanning back to 1938 with Bard Cunningham's clamp, have undergone significant refinements. For example, inventors such as Edson S. Outwin and Juan F. V. Wiesner, have modified the location of the primary pressure point. Accessibility has also improved with inventors, such as Gerald French and John W. Timmons, fastening the clamps with Velcro®, as opposed to the screw and ratchet catch closing mechanism, as in Cunningham's clamp. Similarly, the AUS has greatly evolved since Foley's 1947 "Artificial Sphincter and Method", which was the primary AUS precedent to Mark Polyak's AUS invention, which covered the essential elements and functionalities, such as the incorporation of a balloon reservoir, for the AMS 800. In addressing AUS limitations, inventors such as David W. Anderson and Louisa Thomas have created non-hydraulic AUSs. Likewise, the male sling has seen an evolution in the method of securement, from the use of fixed bone anchors in the InVance sling to the transobturator route used in the AdVance XP, avoiding bone complications. Additionally, innovation in sling adjustment of urethral compression allows for adjustable urethral elevation and distal compression respectively. Recent patents have claimed technological integration for clamps, AUS, and slings, especially concerning automation. Overall, patents have built upon the limitations of previous devices. However, there is still a need to innovate for increased clamp comfort and reduced reoperation rates for the AUS and sling.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous Indian sportswomen.

A common gynaecological problem among women that leads to a negative impact on quality of life and causes distress is the involuntary loss of urine which is addressed as urinary incontinence (UI). Females involved in playing various types of sports perform high-intensity activities which can serve as risk factors for UI and pelvic organ prolapse. According to the available literature, there is a scarcity of information regarding data on the prevalence of UI in Indian female athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of UI in nulliparous Indian sportswomen. For a duration of 6 months, a cross-sectional study was carried out in various sports centres across the states of Telangana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Delhi. A total of 560 nulliparous Indian female sportswomen were involved based on the selection criteria. The various sports involved were malkhamb, kabaddi, kushti, weightlifting, gymnastics, basketball, badminton, and athletics. All the participants were provided with a questionnaire for female UI diagnosis (QUID), which was the primary outcome measure. Out of 560 women enrolled in the study, the highest prevalence was found for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), consisting of 126 (22.5%) women, followed by mixed urinary incontinence (MUI), involving 49 (8.8%) women, and urge urinary incontinence (UUI), including 47 (8.4%) women. Additionally, the prevalence of UI was highest in obese and overweight Indian sportswomen. Moreover, the highest prevalence of SUI among women was for weightlifting, whereas for UUI and MUI, malkhamb and kushti sports were the most prevalent, respectively. The present study concluded that the highest prevalence among nulliparous Indian sportswomen was for SUI, followed by MUI and UUI. Additionally, weightlifting sport showed the highest prevalence for SUI, followed by malkhamb for UUI and kushti for MUI. The prevalence of UI in Indian sportswomen is important as it imparts knowledge and awareness among women and benefits professionals in designing appropriate preventive and rehabilitative protocols for curtailing such problems in the near future.

Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in older adults: a best practice implementation project.

This project aimed to implement best practices for pelvic floor muscle training to manage urinary incontinence among older women in long-term care in Kerala, India. Urinary incontinence is a prevalent and distressing condition that affects a significant proportion of older adults and is characterized by involuntary loss of urine, leading to social embarrassment, decreased quality of life, and increased health care costs. It is more prevalent in women and is associated with dementia, limited mobility, and other comorbidities in long-term care. Pelvic floor muscle training is a first-line treatment option for urinary incontinence in older adults, given its potential to improve quality of life and reduce health care costs. This project was based on the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. A baseline audit was conducted to evaluate current practice against best practices. After identifying barriers and implementing strategies, follow-up audits were conducted after 3 and 6 months. The baseline audit showed 0% compliance with all best practices. Barriers such as lack of knowledge and practice of pelvic floor exercises for urinary incontinence among participants and nurses; unknown cognitive status; and health emergencies were identified. Strategies including video-assisted training of pelvic floor muscle exercises, training calendars, and flip charts with instructions. The follow-up audits showed significant improvements in compliance. This project reduced urinary incontinence in the participants. Although two of the audit criteria did not reach 100% compliance by the end of 6 months, the stakeholders of the long-term care facility understood the importance of pelvic floor muscle training, which will be beneficial for future residents with urinary incontinence. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A211.

Managing female stress urinary incontinence in a post mesh era: What to do and when to refer.

Urinary incontinence is a common presentation in general practice and can significantly affect a patient's quality of life. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined by the International Continence Society as 'the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine on effort or physical exertion (egsporting activities), or on sneezing or coughing'. There is a key role for primary care providers in the assessment and management of female SUI. To highlight the key diagnostic and management principles of female SUIingeneral practice and discuss management options. SUI can usually be diagnosed based upon clinical history and targeted physical examination. Pelvic floor physiotherapy and lifestyle interventions, including weight modification and management of co-morbidities, are important first-line therapies. Surgical options for both persistent or complex SUI include urethral bulking agents, Burch colposuspension and pubovaginal fascial slings. Synthetic (mesh) mid-urethral slings remain a viable surgical option for women suffering SUI.

(O-17) INCIDENCE OF CLIMACTURIA IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

Abstract Introduction and Purpose Climacturia is defined as the involuntary loss of urine at the time of orgasm. Many series report incidences of climacturia greater than 50%. Even so, it remains a little-recognized symptom. Our objective was to describe the incidence and characteristics of climacturia in patients undergoing RP in follow-up for erectile dysfunction (ED). Method We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of men after RP with complaints of refractory ED. Patients seen in the sexual medicine group, from June 2017 to March 2021, underwent a protocol consultation that asked about the presence of climacturia, its frequency, intensity and association with discomfort. Other factors such as the presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the presence of arousal incontinence (AI) and demographic data were also recorded. Patients were also asked if they had received guidance on the possibility of having climacturia in the preoperative guidelines. Results Sixty patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 68 (±6.15) years. Climaturia at some point was reported by 40 patients (66.6%). Of these, 65% reported it occurring rarely or occasionally, while 35% reported it occurring frequently. The presence of AI was 26.3%, with all these patients reporting associated discomfort. In general, 50% reported that climacturia caused significant discomfort, while only 17.5% perceived discomfort from partnerships. The majority (93.3%) stated that they had not been previously warned about the possibility of this condition. Among patients who had climacturia, 16.6% had associated SUI, but this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion This preliminary analysis is one of the first to assess the Brazilian reality of the frequency of post-RP climacturia, corroborating the high incidence, impact on sexual life and lack of preoperative guidance. Its recognition is essential for better counseling to patients. Financing No conflict.

Interventions for Enuresis in Children and Adolescents: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Enuresis is an involuntary and intermittent loss of urine during sleep, and its treatment can be done by pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. To conduct an overview to carry out a survey of the systematic reviews about treatment options for children/adolescents with enuresis. Databases used were Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS/BVS, PEDro, SciELO and Google Scholar. Any type of intervention for the treatment of enuresis in children/adolescents was selected by two independent researchers. Data extraction was done by two independent researchers. The risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) and A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2). Seven systematic reviews were included. According to ROBIS, three reviews had a low risk of bias, while the others had a high risk of bias. Based on AMSTAR-2, four systematic reviews were of moderate quality, two were low quality, and one was critically low quality. There is moderate confidence that the use of desmopressin plus an anticholinergic agent increases the chance of complete response compared to desmopressin alone. Neurostimulation may increase the risk of responses ≥50% and ≥90% compared to the control group. Likewise, it appears that electrical stimulation is superior to placebo about the chance of response ≥50%. In addition, there is clinical relevance in reducing enuresis episodes per week when neurostimulation is used compared to control groups.

Path analysis of urinary incontinence in older adults living in nursing homes

Path analysis of urinary incontinence in older adults living in nursing homes

Effect of Practicing Deep Breathing and Kegel Exercises on Menopausal Urinary Incontinence at Beni-Suef

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common problems in menopausal women; it is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine and its classification according to the presence of symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms of occurrence. The Kegel Breathing technique combines breathing and pelvic floor contraction patterns to increase pelvic floor muscular strength while performing daily activities regularly. Normal breathing occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and the breathing muscle (diaphragm) move up and down in harmony manner. Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate menopausal women's urinary incontinence before and after practice of deep breathing and Kegel exercise. Design: A quasi-experimental study design was utilized in this study (one group pre and post-test). Sample: A purposive sample of 100 Menopausal women diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence. Setting: gynecological and urological outpatient clinics Beni-Suef university hospital. Tools: 1) a structure interviewing questionnaire schedule, 2) The International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire 3) Pelvic floor muscles exercises checklist. Results: about 45% of the studied women reported that their frequency of urination is several times per day preprogram but it became only 19% post program implementation. Only 32% of the studied women can accurately detect the right muscle group at the 1st week of the 1st month. However, at the end of the 1st month; 82% of them can do. Moreover, at the end of the 2nd month; 90% can do. Additionally, at the end of the 3rd month; 93% of the studied women can accurately detect the right muscle group. Conclusion: Deep breathing and kegel exercise had positive effect on women's urinary incontinence. Recommendations: disseminate brochures and booklet about kegal and breathing exercise to enhance awareness program regarding stress urinary incontinence reliving measures for elderly women.

The treatment for closure of the bladder neck via transvaginal approach

Urinary incontinence is described as the involuntary loss of urine due to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure combined with a lack of contraction of the detrusor muscle. The most common being stress incontinence, as it occurs in 30% of women between 30 and 60 years old. There is another condition called hidden stress incontinence as a result of a coiling of the urethra that causes obstruction in its lumen. This can manifest itself when performing any activity that involves effort, such as coughing or sneezing. Nowadays there are numerous surgical interventions for the treatment of these pathologies, so there is a discrepancy in the choice of the appropriate surgical technique to correct these conditions in isolation.

Urinary incontinence among women in sub-Saharan Africa – an overview

Urinary Incontinence, the uncontrolled or involuntary loss of urine, is a prevalent condition among women that is frequently underdiagnosed and underreported, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The social stigma attached to urinary incontinence contributes to low presentation rates for care, and the help-seeking behavior of SSA women with urinary incontinence in this region. Thus, the occurrence of urinary incontinence imposes a considerable burden on women in SSA, leading to physical, social, and psychological complications. A multitude of challenges, such as limited availability of urogynaecological facilities, corruption, etc, have collectively contributed to the scarcity of information on how to manage urinary incontinence in this region. The commonplace management of urinary incontinence is the use of adult diapers, mostly among older women in this region. While it is essential to carry out more research to comprehend the impact of urinary incontinence on women in Sub-Saharan Africa and to promote awareness of medical and surgical interventions; It is recommended that the governing bodies of these regions enhance their endeavors to provide essential facilities and training a skilled workforce to manage this condition at a subsidized cost.

Is Surgical Treatment for Obesity Able to Cure Urinary Incontinence in Women?-A Prospective Single-Center Study.

There is enough evidence to support weight loss in order to improve urinary incontinence. Nevertheless, weight loss and maintaining a lower weight are not easy to achieve in the general population. Our study aims to evaluate whether bariatric surgery has a positive effect on the symptoms of urinary incontinence in female patients. We performed a prospective study on obese female patients before and after bariatric surgery, over a period of 9 years. Patients with a BMI ≥ 33 kg/m2 were included if they described involuntary loss of urine and no previous surgery for urinary incontinence was performed. The patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, either gastric sleeve, bypass or banding, performed by four surgeons in our hospital. The type of incontinence was not assessed at the initial visit carried out by the surgeon. All patients who declared being incontinent were referred to the urologist where they received the ICIQ-UI-SF questionnaire before their bariatric surgery and during follow -up visits. The sum of points obtained at questions 3, 4 and 5 was used to evaluate the severity of incontinence, as well as the impact on the quality of life. Our evaluation collected data on age, time since onset of symptoms, pad usage, number and type of deliveries, concomitant conditions and medications. The type of incontinence was assessed by the urologist before bariatric surgery as urge, stress or mixed incontinence. At follow-up visits, the patients were also asked to fill out a 10-point VAS questionnaire evaluating their perception on the evolution of incontinence symptoms. Data were analyzed using t-test statistical analysis. Our objective defined changes in incontinence as cure, improved, no change and worse. We included 54 women from whom initial data and at least 18 months of follow-up were available. We observed that about 50% of all women undergoing bariatric surgery have some degree of urinary incontinence. The ICIQ score improved from 13.31 ± 5.18 before surgery to 8.30 ± 4.49 points after surgery (p < 0.0001). Before surgery, 38 patients (70%) described severe incontinence compared to only 20 patients (37%) after surgery. A total of 16 women (31%) reported complete cure of urinary incontinence after bariatric surgery. Data from the VAS questionnaire show improvement in 46 cases (85%). Pad usage improved from 7.04 ± 2.79 to 3.42 ± 2.77 (p < 0.001) per day. The number of patients using more than one pad per day decreased from 35 (65%) to 9 (17%). The type of incontinence did not seem to be relevant, but our sample size was too small to lead to statistically significant results. There was no impact on the outcome of incontinence of number/type of delivery, age or BMI. Our data show that bariatric surgery is able to cure urinary incontinence in one of three obese women. A significant improvement was obtained in more than two-thirds of the patients, regardless of the type of incontinence. For an obese female with urinary incontinence, treatment for obesity should prevail and incontinence should be treated only if symptoms remain.

Urinary Incontinence, Quality of Life, and Risk Factors in a Geriatric Cohort

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and its subtypes, associated clinical factors, and impact on quality of life (QoL) in a geriatric population aged 80 years or older. Methods: Male and female residents (inclusion criterion: 80 years or older) of three Viennese senior citizen homes were personally interviewed with the aid of a structured questionnaire based on the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Questionnaire within a 12-month period. UI was defined as any involuntary loss of urine during the past 4 weeks. Several demographic parameters were obtained additionally. Results: 434 participants with a mean age of 86.8 years (women: 87.6 years; men: 86.1 years) were included. UI was present in 52.5% (57% female vs. 23% male, p < 0.001), stress UI affected 36% (41% female vs. 5% male, p < 0.001), urge UI 38% (40.5% female vs. 23% male, p < 0.01), and mixed UI 28% (24% female vs. 5.0% male, p < 0.01). While the overall prevalence of UI remained rather stable in the four age cohorts (80–84 years, 85–89 years, 90–94 years, >94 years), there was a constant decline of SUI paralleled by an increase of UI and – to a lesser extent – of MUI with age. 36.5% (33% female vs. 57% male) participants did not report any negative impact on QoL, while a severe reduction of QoL was present in 31% of cases (35% female vs. 10.0% male). Risk factors for UI and its subtypes included female sex, reduced/no mobility, hysterectomy, and number of births. Conclusion: This study provides data on the high prevalence of UI in a low-morbid geriatric cohort and evaluates gender-specific differences in UI prevalence, associated risk factors, and QoL.

Menopause and stress urinary incontinence: The risk factors of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) increases around menopause. The quality of life of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with SUI is significantly affected. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SUI and the associated risk factors in a population of Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. A total of 273 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were enrolled, and a cross-sectional study was conducted. SUI was defined as an involuntary loss of urine with increases in abdominal pressure. Data including personal characteristics, menopause information, estrogen levels, and pelvic floor muscle strength levels were statistically analyzed. The study enrolled 158 (57.9%) perimenopausal and 115 (42.1%) postmenopausal women. Sixty-six (41.8%) perimenopausal women and 56 (48.7%) postmenopausal women complained of SUI. The mean age was 49.42 ± 5.58 years. Body mass index over 24 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-3.81), vaginal delivery (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.33-4.58), and diabetes (OR 4.65, 95% CI 1.23-17.62) were high-risk factors for SUI. Climacteric symptoms (evaluated by Kupperman index scores) were statistically related to SUI, and among the 13 symptoms, insomnia, nervousness, weakness and fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia, headache, palpitation, and sexual complaints were all correlated with SUI in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Several factors are associated with SUI in Chinese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Obesity, vaginal delivery, climacteric symptoms, and diabetes were identified as the most notable risk factors. The management strategy could focus on the prevention and management of risk factors.

Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary loss of urine, a common health condition that is more frequent in women. It disturbs the affected individuals and interferes with their daily activities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence among Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. A survey was administered to Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The data were collected using the Arabic version of the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were generated by calculating numbers and percentages of information on the prevalence of incontinence in women. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 44.2%, with the urge type being the most reported. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 155 women (15.4%), urgency urinary incontinence by 257 women (25.6%), and mixed urinary incontinence by 102 women (10.15%). Urinary incontinence is prevalent in women in Western Saudi Arabia. Age, multiparty obesity, and vaginal surgery are significant risk factors influencing its occurrence.