Competition For Investment Research Articles

The IBM Model in Border Management of The Riau Islands Province to Increase Investment Competitiveness to Support State Defense

The position of the Riau Islands Province border area with Singapore is very strategic. Even though it has great potential to contribute to economic improvement, this position has not been utilized optimally, even though border areas are an attractive entry point for investors who intend to invest their capital. The aim of the research is to examine the Riau Islands Province Border Management Model based on Integrated Border Management (IBM) which refers to IBM parameters and competitiveness parameters as an effort to increase competitiveness in the investment sector. This research uses a qualitative analysis approach. The research results show that there are obstacles in the management of the Riau Islands-Singapore Province border area in the form of geographical, legal, management and security obstacles. Meanwhile, investment mechanisms and procedures in the border area of ​​Riau Islands Province with Singapore are not complicated and are regulated using a server. The Integrated Border Management (IBM) implementation model in managing the border between Riau Islands Province and Singapore to increase investment competitiveness uses the Single Window Model which is an integrated public service system.

Transformative Dynamics of the Economy of Kosovo: A Perspective on History and Development of Foreign Direct Investment

Abstract This paper presents an in-depth overview of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Kosovo's economy over more than twenty years. FDI has played a central role, proving indispensable to the development of Kosovo's economy. Thus, FDI is primarily directed towards economic activities like real estate, finance, manufacturing, construction, etc. In terms of the legal framework, Kosovo has approved a range of regulations and laws with the primary goal of protecting, attracting and encouraging foreign investors to invest. However, obstacles such as political instability, energy insecurity, delayed EU integration, and regional political tensions are recognized as the main barriers affecting FDI in Kosovo. Finally, Kosovo should develop suitable policies to boost its investment competitiveness, attract multinational enterprises for investment opportunities, and prioritize less attractive economic sectors for investment of FDI.

Effects of the Global Minimum Tax on Income Tax Incentive Framework in Indonesia

In this article, the authors analyse Indonesia’s tax incentives to lure investments and its commitment to adopt the GMT. Such adoption could potentially reduce a company’s effective tax rate to under 15%, possibly diverting revenue from Indonesia to other jurisdictions. The article suggests that the GMT’s introduction in Indonesia will influence various tax incentives, primarily those based on income, including tax holidays, tax allowances, super tax deductions, discounted rates and regional development incentives. Post-GMT, the government plans to introduce the qualified domestic minimum top-up tax to safeguard national revenue during GMT’s roll-out and the qualified refundable tax credit to maintain Indonesia’s competitive investment environment following GMT’s implementation.

Formation of a system of sectoral measures and mechanisms of state support for the electronic industry

The restructuring of the world economy based on the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution and the sixth technological structure determines Russia’s course towards building technological sovereignty, and in particular, the need to create an effective system of measures and mechanisms that stimulate the development of the electronics industry. In this regard, it is necessary to systematize and evaluate the compliance of existing measures and mechanisms with the need for solving the problems facing the industry, and to eliminate their duplication. The article is devoted to the analysis of the existing national system of special measures and mechanisms of state support of electronic industry. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the presence of certain restrictions caused by sanctions and in need to overcome dependence on imports, the system stimulates the implementation of competitive investment projects and is potentially effective.

Designing nickel smelter industry investment competitiveness policy in Indonesia through system dynamics model

Purpose This research is intended to assess the nickel smelter industry’s investment competitiveness in Indonesia and identify ways to improve its competitive advantage for the nation. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a sequential mixed-methods approach, expanding on a first qualitative phase with a second quantitative phase. Interviews are used in the qualitative phase to identify the underlying causes of issues and potential solutions to increase the competitiveness of the nickel smelter industry, while a system dynamics (SD) model is used to conduct the quantitative phase. This study uses the idea of a country’s competitive advantage from Porter’s diamond model (PDM). The model was tested and validated using SD simulation resulting in a new policy scenario, which was evaluated in metallurgy expert conferences and high policymaker discussion forums. Findings The results reveal the complexity of the nickel smelter industry in Indonesia and conclude that the integrated export duty beneficence policy is the most effective way to boost competitiveness. This policy gives a significant improvement both in the number of smelters and state revenue compared to the current policy. The industry’s investment competitiveness is enhanced by the six factors of the diamond model, with the first three factors being integrated strategy, limited export of excess production and export duty beneficence, while the remaining factors are metal price fluctuation, domestic demand and mineral supply which are related to mining conditions uncertainty. Research limitations/implications The research creates a SD model to support Indonesia’s competitive advantage in the smelter industry. Despite limitations like interpretations and distorted semantic analysis, it provides a useful framework for exploring complex industry themes, excluding social factors due to limited data and knowledge requirements. Practical implications The findings of this research offer a framework for policymaking by the government to enhance the competitiveness of investments in Indonesia’s nickel smelter industry. Originality/value This study delves into Indonesia’s nickel industry competitiveness using PDM. Using a more detailed SD model with quantitative analysis, it goes beyond strategy development to provide a comprehensive approach to the nickel smelter industry.

The “China Model”— Merits and Demerits, A Review of the Last 20 Years of the Chinese Economy

The “China Model,” which combines Chinese Communist Party (CCP) dictatorship with the use of a market economy, has been a long-term growth driver of the Chinese economy, but its content has undergone a transformation in terms of both governance and economic policy. In the early 2000s, competition among local leaders who were given sizeable discretionary authority led to dramatic regional growth but also produced various side effects. In the 2010s, however, a transformation to investment competition through debt occurred in local governments, resulting later in a real estate bubble and local fiscal crisis. The adverse effects of the Xi Jinping regime’s concentration of power have created balance sheet deterioration caused by years of excessive debt and overinvestment. The Chinese economy is now being forced to liquidate its deteriorated balance sheets, which have been weakened by years of excessive debt and overinvestment. The ineffective investments and the interest payments resulting from “implicit guarantee” by the governments have become a heavy burden on the economy, further distorting the distribution of wealth and leading to a slump in consumption. To break the current deadlock, major reform is needed, including the write-off of non-performing assets, which would bring about deflationary pressure, and the reduction of the role of state-owned enterprises, a change so significant that it would reshape the “form of the nation.” However, this would inevitably clash with President Xi Jinping’s pledge for “the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,” a promise made to secure his extended tenure. Given that an extraordinary concentration of power is centered on President Xi and the Chinese autocratic system lacks a mechanism for regime change, achieving such reforms will be very difficult.

The internal mechanism and impact of digital economy on China's smog pollution: based on the perspective of industrial structure coordination

ABSTRACT This study adopts an industrial structure coordination perspective to elucidate the theoretical mechanism through which digital economy (DE) development influences smog pollution (SP), and employs panel data encompassing 214 cities at the prefecture level and above in China over the period 2010–2019 to empirically examine this relationship. The findings reveal the following: (1) Industrial structure rationalisation (ISR) and advancement (ISA) positively contribute to the nexus between DE and governance in SP. Nevertheless, ISR stands amenable for refinement. (2) Despite regional variations in economic development planning and competitive investment behaviours, DE consistently hampers the SP of adjacent cities, contingent on diverse geographical weights. (3) Augmentation in science and technology expenditure and human capital levels enhances the environmental governance effect of the DE.

Effects of Investment Competition Rate by Investor Type on Short- and Long-term Stock Returns in the Korean IPO Market

This study empirically investigates whether the investment competition rate by investor type (institutional demand prediction competition rate, general public offering competition rate, and employee stock subscription rate) in the Korean IPO market is informative in predicting future stock prices after IPO. The results of analyzing the IPO sample from 2001 to 2021 are as follows. First, we find that firms with a high competition rate for institutional demand forecasting have more efficient public offering prices and an increased external monitoring effect, reducing long-term underperformance anomalies. Second, we find that firms with high public offering subscription rates show increased short-term overreaction behavior after an IPO and increased underperformance anomalies in the long term. Third, we find that firms with a high employee stock subscription rate partially reduce long-term underperformance for two years after their IPO. Overall, this study’s results empirically show that non-financial information (investment competition rate) available in the IPO market is useful for evaluating the quality of IPO firms and predicting future performance.

Winners and losers in investment competition – Experimental study

We report the results of lab experiments on investment competition, where all subjects receive their accumulated earnings and the subject with the highest returns earns an additional bonus. We find that ranking is negatively correlated with portfolio risk: when subjects realize that their rank is relatively low, they increase their portfolio risk. This behavior is shared by all subjects in all rankings during all trade periods, regardless of the risk-free rate. Furthermore, in a competition, subjects respond to rank changes, increasing (decreasing) their portfolio risk after experiencing a decrease (increase) in their rating, regardless of their ranking.

Smart specialization of regions as a basis for sustainable development of the Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the implementation of the concept of "smart specialization" of regions for the purposes of sustainable development of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to justify making adjustments to the issues of strategic planning and territorial management at the federal level for the effective implementation of the principles of smart specialization in the regions. The current macroeconomic conditions prevailing in Russia have led to the formation of a strategic course of socio-economic development of the state in the public administration system, which is based on diversified specialization and sustainable development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. This article offers recommendations on the formation of the concept of smart specialization of the subjects of the Russian Federation at the strategic level. The subject of the research is the concept of smart specialization for sustainable development and the possibility of its reflection in the strategic documents of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research topic is beyond doubt, since the issues of sustainable development of the subjects of the Russian Federation are still topical. The present study is based on the dialectical method of cognition, which includes such methods as comparative, institutional analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction. This methodology provided an opportunity to study this problem through the prism of theoretical and practical aspects. It was concluded that "smart specialization" will make it possible to most effectively identify and implement the vector of regional development, select specific measures that are most effective for each of the subjects of the Russian Federation. One of the important tasks when using this approach is to minimize competition between regions, implement the transition from competition for investment and business to joint development of value chains by regions and strengthen interactions between enterprises. The necessity of developing and implementing institutional and methodological foundations for detailing and updating the most economically promising specializations of the regions was justified. The results of this study, the conclusions drawn and the formulated proposals can be used to improve the strategic foundations of territorial management with a view to their sustainable development. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the proposal to make changes to the fundamentals of strategic planning for the territorial development of the regions of the Russian Federation, which will contribute to the implementation of the principles of smart specialization in practice.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ОЦІНКИ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ КРАЇНИ У ГЛОБАЛЬНИХ ЛАНЦЮГАХ СТВОРЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ

The article defines the main factors that influence the involvement of countries in the GVC. It was found that profiting from participation in the creation of added value depends on the factors of competitiveness, market power and the distribution of captured value. Attention is focused on the fact that competitiveness is one of the main factors influencing the effective integration of the country into the GVC, therefore its assessment and forecasting is a key element in this process. According to the results of the review of studies and publications, it was established that there are various methodological approaches that help to determine the position of countries and business entities in the GVC and to evaluate their integration processes in creating added value. Also, the problem of obtaining the actual data necessary for such an assessment was established, in connection with which, an analysis of databases and indicators that characterize global production networks and supply chains was carried out in order to determine the sources of obtaining statistical data. It was concluded that such data can be not only statistical, it can be reports of enterprises, results of surveys of entrepreneurs, interviews with representatives of business associations, civil servants, etc. The authors substantiated that the choice of a specific approach should be based on formulated research tasks and available sources of input information. A rational solution would be to choose an integrated approach to value added value chains, which would combine several methods and allow to get a more objective picture of the processes that take place in the value added chain. The authors proposed a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the country's competitiveness in the GVC, which involves the calculation of the composite index of the country's competitiveness in the GLS) as a symbiosis of five sub-indexes: the sub-index of the socio-economic competitiveness of the country, the sub-index of the country's financial competitiveness, the subindex of the country's digital competitiveness, the subindex of the country's investment competitiveness and the subindex of the country's competitiveness with participation in the GVC

Strategi Dinas Penanaman Modal Dan Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (DPMPTSP) Dalam Meningkatkan Investasi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Investment is a benchmark for whether a country can be said to have a good or low level of economic growth. The rate of investment affects the level of state welfare because investment encourages the state to create production to fulfill state affairs and the nation's welfare. Investment policy also has a positive role in reducing poverty and unemployment, because economic growth depends on high savings and investment. If savings and investment are low then the economic growth of society and the country will also be low. To achieve the goal of realizing the vision and mission or objectives of the One Stop Integrated Investment and Services Agency (DPMPTSP) itself, an appropriate promotional strategic work plan is needed to be considered by the regional government, so that investment in North Sumatra increases. Various activities have not had a significant impact in increasing investment, the increase in promotional activities carried out is not in line with the increase in investment value. The research technique used in this research can be a subjective expressive qualitative strategy, in the form of specific information in terms of words that match the characteristics subjective approach. Qualitative is collecting important and additional information through perception, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the North Sumatra Provincial Government has implemented an investment strategy, improved the quality and skills of the community through training, and carried out comprehensive investment promotion activities (such as holding seminars and investment forum meetings) at home and abroad. Accelerate infrastructure development and support regional investment development. Distribution of Capital Investment; Focus on Food, Infrastructure and Energy Development; Environmentally sound investment (green investment) Empowerment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and Cooperatives (UMKMK); Providing facilities, convenience and investment incentives; and Investment Promotion. A conducive and competitive investment climate.

Analysis of tools for the interaction of the government and society: financial security, legislative regulation

Introduction. The paper is devoted to interaction between the authorities and the community at the legal and financial levels. The institutional mechanism for ensuring the implementation of personnel support for the effective functioning of local self-government bodies in Ukraine at the current stage of development are revealed. The purpose of the paper is the analysis to solve the current problems of state management, administration, development of territorial communities requires the modernization of the system of public management and administration. Results. Forms, principles, economic and legal regulation of the organization and functioning of the community are provided. At the present stage, united communities are faced with a number of problems and challenges, such as the globalization of the economy, increased mobility of labor resources and the related increase in unemployment, increased international competition for investments and development resources. A set of problems and prospects contributing to the development of communities as important territorial units is justified. A model of the strategy for further development according to international practices is presented. The peculiarities of the concept of "territorial community" as a political, social, and economic phenomenon of local self-government were investigated. Conclusion. The redistribution of power and resources between the state and local self-government bodies involves the use of system tools in regulating the socio-economic space and achieving macroeconomic stability of the territory swarm and the state as a whole. Research methodology includes methods of scientific knowledge such as descriptive, systematic and analysis. The practical value of the work lies in the conclusions of the study and further research. Specialists in the legal and economic sectors can use this material.

Sex bias in mortality risk changes over the lifespan of bottlenose dolphins.

Research on sex biases in longevity in mammals often assumes that male investment in competition results in a female survival advantage that is constant throughout life. We use 35 years of longitudinal data on 1003 wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) to examine age-specific mortality, demonstrating a time-varying effect of sex on mortality hazard over the five-decade lifespan of a social mammal. Males are at higher risk of mortality than females during the juvenile period, but the gap between male and female mortality hazard closes in the mid-teens, coincident with the onset of female reproduction. Female mortality hazard is non-significantly higher than male mortality hazard in adulthood, resulting in a moderate male bias in the oldest age class. Bottlenose dolphins have an intensely male-competitive mating system, and juvenile male mortality has been linked to social competition. Contrary to predictions from sexual selection theory, however, male-male competition does not result in sustained male-biased mortality. As female dolphins experience high costs of sexual coercion in addition to long and energetically expensive periods of gestation and lactation, this suggests that substantial female investment in reproduction can elevate female mortality risk and impact sex biases in lifespan.

Investment Patterns and Sustainability of Social Security Schemes in Nepal

Social security programme based on contributions of employees was introduced in Nepal by enacting the Employee Provident Fund Act - 1962, primarily to address the security needs of the retiring population. Employees Provident Fund, Citizen Investment Trust, and Social Security Funds are three major competing institutions in the social security market in Nepal. This paper explores the investment of funds accumulated through the contribution of employees for value creation as a means to enhance financial viability and further assesses the long-term sustainability of such programmes. The study is based on reviewing and analyzing the documents relating to the defined objectives and targets, investment policies, investment portfolio, legal framework for investment, and achievements. The study finds that all three social security institutions (SSIs) end up investing the accumulated funds in fixed deposits in the banking and financial institutions (BFIs.). This is despite the act empowering them to mobilize the accumulated funds in several productive sectors and set competitive investment goals. This indicates that they fail to explore productive avenues for sustainable investment of the accumulated funds, which could contribute to the economic development of the nation. The current challenges in the social security system in Nepal are the increasing number of pensioners and the need for sustainable investment; making it imperative for the Nepalese SSIs to evaluate their investment priority; feasibility and diversify for higher and long-term returns; focusing on areas that contribute to economic growth and development; and generating employment opportunities.

DILEMA REFORMASI REGULASI HUKUM INVESTASI DALAM SISTEM HUKUM SIPILDALAM PERSPEKTIF JAMINAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM PENANAMAN MODAL (Suatu Upaya Peningkatan Iklim Daya Saing dan Jaminan Kepastian Hukum Penanaman Modal)

The purpose of this research is to find answers to the problem of the existence of many statutory regulations related to investment (obesity, hyper-regulation), which are believed to be not conducive to creating competitiveness and ease of doing business in Indonesia so the government makes a policy of simplifying these various regulations into one regulation, namely the Omnibus law on the Job Creation Law. The main problem of this research is: Are the policies of the Indonesian government to improve the competitive climate and legal certainty for investing in Indonesia, in accordance with statutory provisions? This problem is divided into several sub-sub-subjects: Current investment regulation problems; Obesity, Hyper regulation, and Regulatory Reform related to Investment; Controversy and legitimacy of the Omnibus Law in the National legal system, Suing the partiality and the negative impact of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation. The research method is a juridical-normative approach, with secondary data in the form of statutory regulations, literature, journals, and the internet. Data collection techniques used is a literature study. Data analysis technique is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed various investment statutory regulations in Indonesia cause obesity, hyper-regulation, which can reduce investment attractiveness. To overcome this issues, the government has taken legal breakthroughs with the omnibus law system on the Job Creation Law, to be able to trigger convenience while at the same time guaranteeing legal certainty, as well as improving the investment competitiveness climate in Indonesia.

How competitive is SRI in developing financial markets: The case of Central and Eastern Europe

This study investigates the competitiveness of sustainable and responsible investment (SRI) in Central and Eastern European (CEE) financial markets. Specifically, we examined whether a statistically significant measurable difference in the return and volatility between an SRI index and two conventional benchmark indices in the CEE region exists. To test whether the market volatility may affect the results, we applied a Markov regime-switching model to examine the performance in high and low volatility environments. We also used the Fama-French three-factor model to analyse the potential sources of outperformance and verify the initial analysis results. The analysis covered an eleven-year period (January 2011–December 2021) and was based on monthly returns of indices available on the Vienna Stock Exchange: CECE SRI, CECE Composite and CECE MID. Our findings showed that the SRI phenomenon in developing financial markets of the CEE countries followed performance patterns similar to ones in developed financial markets. Sustainable and responsible investment is competitive with conventional investment in the CEE region. However, the differences in returns between the SRI index and conventional benchmarks were statistically insignificant. Although a statistically significant difference in volatility between the SRI index and the large-cap CECE Composite index was reported, we did not find any evidence of exposure to the SRI factor regarding the analysed returns of the CECE SRI index. Our analysis of SRI returns pointed to the statistical significance of the common risk factors, such as the market and the size, which is similar to the analysed conventional benchmarks, with alpha not being statistically significant.

Increased male investment in sperm competition results in reduced maintenance of gametes.

Male animals often show higher mutation rates than their female conspecifics. A hypothesis for this male bias is that competition over fertilization of female gametes leads to increased male investment into reproduction at the expense of maintenance and repair, resulting in a trade-off between male success in sperm competition and offspring quality. Here, we provide evidence for this hypothesis by harnessing the power of experimental evolution to study effects of sexual selection on the male germline in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We first show that 50 generations of evolution under strong sexual selection, coupled with experimental removal of natural selection, resulted in males that are more successful in sperm competition. We then show that these males produce progeny of lower quality if engaging in sociosexual interactions prior to being challenged to surveil and repair experimentally induced damage in their germline and that the presence of male competitors alone can be enough to elicit this response. We identify 18 candidate genes that showed differential expression in response to the induced germline damage, with several of these previously implicated in processes associated with DNA repair and cellular maintenance. These genes also showed significant expression changes across sociosexual treatments of fathers and predicted the reduction in quality of their offspring, with expression of one gene also being strongly correlated to male sperm competition success. Sex differences in expression of the same 18 genes indicate a substantially higher female investment in germline maintenance. While more work is needed to detail the exact molecular underpinnings of our results, our findings provide rare experimental evidence for a trade-off between male success in sperm competition and germline maintenance. This suggests that sex differences in the relative strengths of sexual and natural selection are causally linked to male mutation bias. The tenet advocated here, that the allocation decisions of an individual can affect plasticity of its germline and the resulting genetic quality of subsequent generations, has several interesting implications for mate choice processes.

A Study on Improving the Level of Youth Sports Competition and Promoting the Integration of Sports and Education in Shijiazhuang

In September 2020, the State General Administration of Sports and the Ministry of Education jointly issued the Opinions on Deepening the Integration of Sports and Education for the Healthy Development of Youth (hereinafter referred to as “Opinions”), which put forward a series of initiatives to promote the development of physical health of youth and improve the development of competitive sports, and improve the system of youth sports events, which pointed out the aspects of the integration of sports and education in our city. The significance of the integration of sports and education lies in the integration of the training of athletic talent into the national education system of the new era. Youth sports talent is the reserve army of China’s sports career, is an important support for a strong sports country. In order to realize the deep integration of sports and education, it is necessary to improve the sports competition system and integrate it. Sports competition, as an important part of social culture, has an important role in uplifting the national spirit, strengthening the national body and promoting the national spirit. It is an important platform to connect with the international community and conduct exchanges. Jian ming Li: deputy director of the State General Administration of Sports, also emphasized that “competition is a lever to pry the popularity of youth sports, a yardstick to test the results of sports training, and a booster to promote the training of reserve talents in competitive sports.” It shows that sports competition is an important symbol to lead the integration of sports and education and plays a commanding role. This paper uses survey method, literature method, and logical analysis method to research and summarize. In the study, it is found that the integration of sports and education has the characteristics of hierarchy, difference and delay, so in the process of developing measures and implementation must make effective countermeasures for the key combination points and avoid one-size-fits-all. To distinguish the differences and links between competitive sports, social sports and school sports, to carry out organic integration can not be rushed. Competition is the platform, participation is the purpose, education is the means. The development of competitive sports drives the participation of social sports, social sports guide the orderly development of school sports. Therefore, in order to solidly promote the integration of sports and education, this paper makes suggestions for improving the city’s youth sports competition system from five aspects: improving the event system, coordinating the development of multiple sectors, improving the investment in sports competition, integrating the sports industry and creating a good campus competition atmosphere. In this process, education and sports departments should work together for the overall design of the development and implementation of the sports competition system, the overall promotion and effective implementation of the real sports and education are not separated. To provide theoretical support and help for the perfection and formation of the system of youth sports competition in the new era.

Illiberal Versus Externally Fomented growth model readjustment: post-GFC state aid in the EU’s semi-periphery

Most foreign capital-led, export-oriented Eastern EU member states and the consumption-driven Southern European countries suffered a heavy blow during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008–09. The GFC exposed the vulnerability of these economies to external shocks and raised the need for readjustment of their growth models through state intervention. While the rise of illiberal governments drove readjustment in the East, the main driver was externally fomented in the South. This article focuses on state aid, a particular instrument of industrial policy, which has been a main vehicle for growth model readjustment. We seek to explore whether the provision of state aid in the two European semi-peripheries contributes to long-term post-crisis recovery by promoting competitive investments in two Eastern (Hungary and Poland) and two Southern EU members (Portugal and Spain). Relying on the European Commission’s state aid database, we show that after 2013, in the consumption-driven South, governments aimed to strengthen supply through aid, while in the export-oriented East, they were more concerned about promoting exporting firms. The article thus reveals how state aid may preserve and reinforce existing growth models in the semi-periphery even if strategic aims and rhetoric target readjustment.