Investment In Agricultural Production Research Articles

Evaluating synergies and trade-offs in achieving the SDGs of zero hunger and clean water and sanitation: An application of the IEEM Platform to Guatemala

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty and protect the environment. The Government of Guatemala is prioritizing the SDGs it will focus on and defining lines of action to achieve them. In this paper, we apply the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modelling (IEEM) Platform for Guatemala to evaluate the economic, wealth and environmental impacts of strategies to achieve the second SDG of zero hunger and the sixth SDG of clean water and sanitation. The analytical power of the IEEM approach is driven by its integration of the first international standard for environmental statistics, the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting introduced in an earlier edition of this journal. This integration enables the evaluation of policy alternatives from economic, wealth and environmental perspectives which is essential given the integrated nature of the SDGs. We find that significant additional investment in agricultural productivity and water and sanitation would be required to meet these SDG targets and that the overall pace of economic growth is critical. IEEM applied to the SDGs lends transparency and structure to the prioritization and agenda setting process of the policy cycle and highlights the importance of allocating adequate resources in multi-year budgets if targets are to be met. IEEM can shed light on the need for complementary policies to reconcile lines of action that can make progress toward one SDG while inadvertently moving away from another SDG, as well as identify potential win-wins, where one line of action can make progress toward multiple SDGs simultaneously.

The Efficiency of Development Investment in Agricultural Production Applying Good Agricultural Practices (Gap) Standard of Household - Case Study of Grapes and Apple in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam

The Efficiency of Development Investment in Agricultural Production Applying Good Agricultural Practices (Gap) Standard of Household - Case Study of Grapes and Apple in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА УКРАЇНИ

The article generalizes available theoretical data concerning the investment assurance in the field of agricultural development. The author reveals the essence and tasks of the  agriculture investment assurance mechanism. The peculiarities of agriculture, which is significantly influenced by the investment risk growth, are described. The traditional and up-to-date economic instruments for the investment activity regulation in the field of agro-industrial complex are highlighted. The analysed data indicates an increase in the relative investment activity of agricultural enterprises, which, in the context of a systemic financial and economic crisis, is an extremely important factor for the anti-cyclical regulation and general production activity stimulation. The share of agriculture in the total volume of accumulated foreign direct investment is relatively small, moreover it declined during 2014-2016. The decrease of indicators attests the agriculture investment attractiveness deterioration for foreign investors. This was simultaneously accompanied by the implementation of appropriate protective mechanisms by the state regulatory bodies. The author states that the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian agriculture is insufficient and proves the necessity of developing  target programs where the key criteria for agriculture investment assurance should be determined. The author defines the main problems of agriculture investment activity organization; highlights the necessity of elaborating strategic element for attracting investment in agricultural production and increasing the investment attractiveness of agriculture;  emphasises the importance of  investment in the priority areas of activity, and mainly in fixed assets. The article states, that the improvement of the agriculture investment attractiveness should be carried out primarily through the improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of investment activity in agriculture, as well as the use of integrated scientifically grounded measures aimed at supporting the inflow of investments in agricultural production. It is also certain that the support of relevant credit programs is a key element in terms of stimulating high agriculture investment activity in the current environment of Ukraine.

Determination of the relationship between outputs and inputs in agriculture in the EU member states

The EU member states have established FADN (The Farm Accountancy Data Network) system to collect and process accounting data from agricultural holdings. The system is based on precisely defined methodology that is unique for all member states. At EU level, the data are integrated from all member countries, and bring common agricultural policy measures aimed at improving operations and improving financial results achieved in farms. This system operates on the representative sample of about 80.000 agricultural farms from the EU, which represent about 5 million of commercial farms. In this paper we present relationship of outputs and inputs in the agricultural sector of the EU Member States. On the basis of FADN data, there is a possibility of long-term planning of investment in agricultural production, the level of subsidization of agricultural production and adjusting the type and volume of production to market demand.

Аспекти розвитку різних організаційно-правових форм підприємницької діяльності в аграрному секторі

Одним з найважливіших напрямів в цьому контексті є проблеми організаційно-правових форм розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві. В умовах конкурентного ринкового середовища важливе значення для забезпечення стабільного й ефективного аграрного виробництва мають механізми регулювання процесів відтворення в АПК, серед яких чільне місце належить формам підприємницької діяльності. У сучасних економічних умовах важливим фактором підвищення ефективності розвитку продовольчого підкомплексу є удосконалення даних форм. Проте слід визнати, що нині форми підприємницької діяльності перебувають в стані формування та розвитку. Тому проблеми реформування аграрного сектора економіки, постійно перебували і перебувають у полі зору економічної науки. В історичному аспекті розвитку підприємницька діяльність налічує наступні форми: приватні підсобні господарства, одноосібні володіння, господарства населення, селянські фермерські господарства, приватні та державні сільськогосподарські підприємства, колективні господарства, зокрема селянські спілки, агрофірми, міжгосподарські підприємства і об’єднання, різного роду та видів товариства, які поділяються за формою об’єднання та рівнем відповідальності. Найважливіші з них, які прижились та функціонують в сільському господарстві, є сільськогосподарські підприємства, зокрема приватні, та господарства населення. Ефективному розвитку підприємницької діяльності в сільському господарстві перешкоджають слабка адаптація до ринкових умов та низька інвестиційна привабливість аграрного виробництва і господарських формувань, безсистемність і розпорошеність надходжень коштів у модернізацію виробничої діяльності, недостатня державна підтримка, недосконалість організаційно-економічного механізму управління розвитком різних організаційно-правових форм підприємницької діяльності в аграрному секторі.

Financing of permanent working capital in agriculture

In this paper, we attempted to present the problem of establishing adequate structure of fnancing medium agricultural enterprises and to point out the necessity for permanent working capital in those agricultural enterprises which can’t cover fxed assets, long-term placements and portion of inventories (raw material and spare parts, production in process) with own equity and long-term sources of fnancing. For the purpose of analysing adequate structure of fnancing medium agricultural enterprises, we will use one of the most popular methods, such as case study and ratio analysis. Results of the research show that in primary agricultural production, next to standard long-term investment loans and short-term loans for investment in agricultural production, there is a necessity for fnancing in the permanent working capital which could assist continuity of production process and enable conditions for more proftable business in agriculture. It also should be noted that real and book value on this level of permanent working capital differs substantially.

THE AVAILABLE ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND POTENTIALS OF ENHANCING JOINT COOPERATION BETWEEN EGYPT AND NILE BASIN COUNTRIES

This study aims at identifying the available economic resources in Nile Basincountries and potentials of enhancing joint cooperation between Egypt and thesecountries through studying social and economic development indicators in Nile Basincountries, studying the available water resources and energy production, the availableinvestment opportunities, and the joint projects between Egypt and these countries . Thetotal area of Nile Basin countries is about million km , most of Nile Basin countrieshave large areas of agricultural land and abundant water resources, including Nile waters,rainfall and lakes. Given the overall economic activity of Nile Basin countries, the totalGDP of Nile Basin countries was estimated at $ billion in , representing aboutof the GDP of the African continent. As for the indicators of human developmentin Nile basin countries, all are among the low human development countries exceptEgypt, which are classified among medium human development countries. One of themost important opportunities for Egyptian investment in Sudan is investment inagricultural production. Investment opportunities in Tanzania include agriculturalinvestment, especially animal and fish production and investment in manufacturing.Investment opportunities in Ethiopia are to invest in agricultural, plant and animalproduction, fish, forest and honey production, and investment in leather manufacturing.As for the investment opportunities in Kenya, the most important investment in plant,animal and fish production as well as investment in the field of agricultural processing,and the investment opportunities in Uganda, including animal and fish production. Thestudy recommends the establishment of a legal and institutional framework to achieveeconomic integration between Egypt and Nile Basin countries, investment ininfrastructure projects, and reviving of joint economic projects with Nile Basin countries

Effect of off‐farm income on smallholder commercialization: panel evidence from rural households in Ethiopia

AbstractThis article investigates how off‐farm income affects crop output market participation decisions and marketed surplus of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. A double‐hurdle model is estimated using three waves of panel data from the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey. Unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for using a correlated random effect procedure and potential endogeneity of explanatory variables using a control function approach. The results show that off‐farm income has no significant influence on household crop output market participation. However, conditional on market participation, additional off‐farm earnings negatively affect the marketed surplus. This indicates that farmers use off‐farm earnings for consumption rather than for investment in agricultural production. Policy measures that promote rural investment may help increase returns to labor for land‐poor households participating in off‐farm work in the process of agricultural commercialization.

Finance Capital, Food Security Narratives and Australian Agricultural Land

The growing involvement of financial actors in food production has been one of the major recent transformations in the global agri‐food system. This ‘financialization’ of the agri‐food sector has been observed at various levels, from commodity speculation to direct investment in agricultural production, along with farmland itself. While there has been concerted effort to track new landownership and control associated with financial actors, especially in the Global South, there has been less impetus to examine the motives of financial actors' engagement in food production and the narratives upon which such engagement is based. This paper examines the way in which a productivist food (in)security discourse is employed by financial actors to legitimate their actions and to position themselves to win public approval. We analyse two cases of agri‐finance investors in the Australian context engaged in the discourse of food (in)security in relation to their agricultural investments – the Macquarie Group and Hassad Australia.

The impacts of social pension on rural household expenditure: evidence from China

In 2009, China began to implement a new social pension scheme in rural areas. We examine the impacts of this social pension on two main components of rural household expenditure, consumption and agricultural production investment. Our findings show that on average, rural households increase consumption by 1–3% and agricultural investment by as high as 6–9% in pilot counties. Further estimations reveal that the pension mainly affects the households with old-aged members and the poorer families, and that the saving rate hasn’t been changed by the pension, which support more the contingent income than the life-cycle hypothesis. We also find that among various types of expenditures, the most dramatic increases have occurred in food consumption and operational inputs on agricultural production.

Protecting financial investment: agriculture insurance in Ghana

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present readers with information on the state of provision of agricultural insurance as a means of protecting financial investment in agricultural productivity in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews interventions in the provision of agricultural insurance in Ghana and then examines what is currently being done in this area. The paper looks at issues arising from empirical evidence on agricultural insurance provision and links them to scholarly articles on these issues. Findings – This paper shows that there has been considerable effort from the German Development Cooperation, the Ghana National Insurance Commission and government ministries and agencies, the Insurance sector in Ghana and stakeholder institutions leading to the creation of an agricultural insurance provider in Ghana. It is, however, evident from the results that the system is facing major challenges resulting primarily from the inability of the state to provide the needed policy and regulatory support that will assist the insurance sector in the development and delivery of the agricultural insurance products. Originality/value – Even though there has been some research that has touched on agricultural insurance in Ghana, none of them has actually examined the current systems of providing the insurance since its inception. The paper therefore fills the gap of providing information on the current ongoing interventions for the provision of agricultural insurance for individuals and organizations that invest in the agricultural sector in Ghana.

The Public Registration of Land Mortgages in the Russian Federation

The Public Registration of Land Mortgages in the Russian Federation Eduard Galishin Eduard Galishin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar *Candidate of Laws, Deputy head of division of the Real Estate Department, Ministry of Economic Development (Russian Federation). This paper reproduces the author’s contribution to the Unidroit Colloquium on “Promoting Investment in Agricultural Production: Private Law Aspects”, held in Rome (Italy), 8-10 November 2011. Author Notes Uniform Law Review, Volume 17, Issue 1-2, January 2012, Pages 331–335, https://doi.org/10.1093/ulr/17.1-2.331 Published: 01 June 2012

Study on Venture Capital Investment Risk Avoiding Base on Option Pricing in Agricultural Production and Processing Enterprises

Abstract This paper uses the approaches and models of option theory to analyze two-stage venture capital investment in agricultural production and processing enterprises decision-making under uncertainty. Mathematics expressions of this two-stage venture capital investment decision-making are presented. An option value model about two-stage venture capital investment decision-making base on options pricing theory under the uncertainty is presented. Get the solution of option pricing model which we present.

Floodplain ecosystem restoration: Commodity markets, environmental services, and the Farm Bill

Economic and cultural values, the same forces that led people to alter floodplain ecosystems, will be the forces that determine the extent of their restoration. Landowner investment in agricultural production and forest and hydrologic restoration will reflect perceived economic returns from investments, as well as personal preferences for the environmental services each land use provides. Conservation programs and emerging environmental markets can encourage floodplain restoration, but will be effective only if they improve economic returns from bottomland management relative to other land uses. Over the past three years, prices for corn, soybeans, wheat, and other agricultural commodities have increased sharply, increasing returns to crop production and decreasing the amount of marginally profitable cropland, land most likely to be restored to bottomland hardwoods. Understanding commodity price dynamics is critical for understanding the potential for retiring cropland into bottomlands. Often Farm Bill conservation title provisions attract the greatest attention regarding bottomland hardwood restoration. However, the commodity title, which sets commodity price supports, and energy policy, need to be considered because commodity and energy policy effect returns from bottomland hardwood restoration.

The farming system and traditional agroforestry systems in the Maya community of San Jose, Belize

Shifting slash-and-burn agriculture is likely one of the main causes of forest degradation in southern Belize. Although many development projects have attempted to reduce the impacts of agriculture on the tropical rainforest, the situation is still a cause for concern. A study of the farming system of the San Jose Maya community was therefore carried out to examine agricultural production in its social, cultural, economic, and political context. Results demonstrate that agricultural production contributes to forest degradation because of the limited availability of agricultural land, the low level of investment in agricultural production, the land tenure system, limited marketing opportunities, and the exclusion of Mayas from the country's political and economic domains. Agroforestry could, however, offer a partial solution to the problem of forest degradation. Three types of traditional agroforestry systems are practised in San Jose: the milpa (a slash-and-burn agriculture system), cacao (Theobroma cacao) cultivation under shade trees, and the homegarden. These traditional agroforestry systems almost entirely meet a family's needs for food and wood, and generate at least 62% of family income. Improving the productivity of these systems could help to reduce pressure on the forest in southern Belize.

Migration, Return, and Agricultural Development in the Serra Do Alvão, Northern Portugal

The literature on migration from rural agricultural areas and return migration portrays the effects as both beneficial and detrimental. This study aims to examine the capital constraint on agricultural production as perceived by farmers and to assess the extent to which production improvements are encouraged or inhibited by migration or return migration. During the course of discussion attention is directed to the general economic and social changes in agricultural areas. Field research took place from July 1987 to October 1988 in 4 villages in the Serra do Alvao Portugal. 199 households were interviewed of which 98 were farm households. 36 farm households and 52 total households were migrant households. The two upland villages were on relatively infertile land; the lowland villages had fertile areas for growing maize and vines and for cattle raising. The effects of migration and return migration on individual farm families and the farming system in Serra do Alvao are discussed in terms of the following: 1) longterm migration and the provision of capital for investment in agricultural production; 2) the loss of agricultural workers and an increase in wage costs which undermines the traditional agricultural system; and 3) social and economic changes as a result of population loss. A comparison of migrant and nonmigrant households was hampered by the practice of temporary or seasonal migration. Also family members who were not part of the household sometimes migrated. The comparative results showed that migration and return migration reinforced processes which had already begun. Declining yields were one such process. Similar patterns were found between the uplands and lowlands but the impact on home villages was different for rental and farming arrangements and for the extent of return migration. There was a rise in real wages and a decline in rents. The male/female wage differential declined. Labor shortages and wage rates increased the cost of production and sometimes delayed the performance of essential tasks. Medium-term migrants tended to modernize production. There were no large increases in land acquisition or upheaval in social systems.

The Agricultural Sector in China: Performance and Policy Dilemmas during the 1990s

The varied experience of China's agricultural economy during the 1980s highlights the challenges and opportunities facing the farm sector during the present decade. Until 1985 agriculture's performance was widely regarded as an unqualified success. Decollectivization and institutional initiatives provided a framework which allowed, for the majority of farmers, an unprecedented degree of independence in decision-making. Farming was once more practised on a household basis, peasants' activities were increasingly geared towards market signals and their economic relationship with the state defined by legal contracts. Large increases in the purchase prices of major farm products provided the material incentive for the expansion of all branches of the agricultural economy. These same increases were the source of substantial gains in income, which contained the wherewithal for large-scale investment in agricultural production.

Chapitre 11. Le système social en Camargue. Dynamique actuelle

Throughout its history, drastic changes have occurred in the Camargue. Progress in agriculture has been characterized by an increased productivity and mechanization. This region is no longer an isolated area ; it is directly affected by general social trends and is directly dependent on the economic changes at the national and even international level. Environmental conservation in the Camargue is made difficult for a number of reasons peculiar to the area : connections between agricultural and industrial capital investments, lack of relationships between landowners and labour, political connections of local “ elites ” with the central government, emergence of a so-called regional power, and increased dependence of the local economy upon international markets. The present situation is characterized by three features : continuous investment in agricultural production, land speculation, and increased social inequalities. A big surge in agricultural profits has characterized the post-war period. This is why land investments in the Camargue have been maintained in spite of the industrial boom. More recently, profitability has decreased, but the general economic trend has also sharply slackened. The land now appears to offer strong incentive for land speculation and for social differentiation. A significant economic recovery could lead to the division of some large estates and to an increase in tertiary activities. There is no reason why the Regional Park should slow down such a change ; it could become the locus for dialogue it was meant to be. In any case, the future of the Camargue now depends more upon changes in the national economy than upon regulations of any kind.