X-ray Investigations Research Articles

X-ray investigation of the X-ray source 1RXS J121902.7–630910 with Suzaku

We present a study of the unidentified X-ray source 1RXS J121902.7–630910 based on Suzaku X-ray Imaging Spectrometer observation. We aim at clarifying the nature of the emission from 1RXS J121902.7–630910. We found that the spectrum is well represented by a thermal plasma model with an electron temperature of kTe∼ 3.7 keV, the upper limit of ionization time-scale of τ∼ 5.6 ×1010 cm−3 s, and the absorbing column density of NH∼ 0.5 ×1021 cm−2. We investigated the possible origin of 1RXS J121902.7–630910, and found optical counterpart candidates to this X-ray source. We conclude that it could be a point-like source compared to the analysis results of an extended source, and observations at other wavelengths are needed to confirm its nature.

Fever Management after TEVAR in Patients with Aortic Dissection.

Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is characterised as a noninfectious continuous fever and a concomitant rise in inflammatory markers shortly after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This current study aims to analyse the risk factors of PIS, postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and overall survival as well as the correlation between new-onset mural thrombus and the risk of developing PIS after TEVAR in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Patients were included who had a B dissection, both acute and chronic forms. In the acute form, both acutely complicated and uncomplicated patients were included in the study. A main point of our investigation is the postoperative fever management of PIS patients. A total of 90 patients with type B dissection underwent TEVAR in the University Hospital of Muenster between 2016 and 2020. The occurrence of PIS was defined as the presence of fever (>38°C lasting longer than 24 hours in hospital) and leucocytosis (white blood cell count >12000/µL). Patients with other possible reasons for fever and/or leucocytosis, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, or sepsis, were excluded beforehand. Besides demographic and operation-related data, inflammatory markers and therapeutic measures were evaluated before and 5 days postoperatively. Computed tomography scans were examined to calculate the volume of preexistent and new-onset mural thrombus after TEVAR. Of 90 patients, 40 patients were excluded because of recent infection or bypass surgery. Of the 50 patients included in the study, 10 patients developed post-implantation syndrome. Younger patients significantly more often developed PIS after TEVAR (52.2±11.6 vs. 61.5±13.6, p=0.045). New-onset thrombus after TEVAR was significantly higher in PIS patients (61cm³ vs. 12cm³, p<0.001) and PIS patients often received more medical examinations (investigation of X-ray, U status, and blood cultures). There was no significant difference in overall survival for 40 months and in the incidence of MACE. PIS may be related to an increased rate of new-onset thrombus. A more robust conclusion is not justified according to our study. There is no difference in overall survival.

Metal Oxide Heterojunction for Photocatalytic Activities.

There is a significant global demand for improvements in synthesis techniques and their optimal characteristics, especially for industrial-scale applications. Sol-gel-based solution combustion synthesis (SG-SCS) is a simple method to produce ordered porous materials. In this regard, Pearson's hard and soft acids and bases theory assists in selecting host-dopant reactivity to form a proper heterojunction. The formation of a heterojunction also changes the essential properties of the materials, improving photocatalysis via charge transfer or synergistic activities. A calcination temperature of 500 °C is ideal for this process based on the results of the stability assessment via a differential thermogravimetry ratio analysis (DTG). The nanoscale dimensions of the nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) generated were validated using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy micrographs and BET analyses confirmed the porosity nature of the materials. HRTEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray investigations established the materials composition. The study found that NCs degraded the acid orange 8 (AO8) color more efficiently than bare ZnO.

ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NEW NANOSTRUCTURED COPPER-ZINC MANGANITE OF LANTHANUM AND MAGNESIUM

The polycrystalline copper-zinc manganite was synthesized by the solid-phase interaction in the range of 800-1200 °C of oxides of lanthanum (III), copper (II), zinc (II), manganese (III) and magnesium carbonate, thus its nanostructured particles were first obtained by grinding on the vibrating mill “Retsch” (Germany). The X-ray investigations determined that the nanostructured manganite is crystallized in the cubic syngony. On the LCR-7817/827 device(Company «Good Will Instrument Co., Ltd., Taiwan») in the range of 293-483 K at frequencies equal to 1.5 and 10 kHz, the dielectric constantand electrical resistance were investigated and it was found that this compound at 293-353 K has the semiconductorconductivity, at 353-373 K -metal and at 373-483 K -semiconductor conductivity again. The band gap widths were calculated. The permittivity at 483 K reaches gigantic values at all frequencies.Referring to the above, the objective of this paper is to study the temperature dependence of the dielectric constantand the electrical resistance of a new nanostructured copper-zinc manganite of lanthanum and magnesium.

Exploiting one dimensional polymer for environmental monitoring: Co based coordination polymer for efficient removal of cationic dyes

In this work, a one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer (Co-CP) was synthesized using the solvothermal method. The polymer has been characterized thoroughly via various spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, UV–visible, PXRD and TGA. Single-crystal X-ray investigation revealed the exact structure of the Co-CP. The stability of coordination polymer is due to the formation of H-bonding and π-π interactions, which also enhance the practical application like dye adsorption ability. The dye adsorption investigations conducted on four dyes, i.e., methylene blue (MB), rhodamine-B (Rh–B), methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR), demonstrated the present material to be selective towards cationic dyes. The Co-CP framework dispenses rapid and efficient removal of cationic dyes (MB and Rh–B) also in the presence of aromatic anionic dyes (MO and CR). Moreover, this adsorbent material shows excellent structural stability and recyclability after four times of adsorption and desorption and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit the best in this case. The plausible mechanism for efficient adsorption of cationic dyes is mainly cation–π and π-π interactions existing between the Co-CP and dye molecules. Therefore, the present work opens new doors for the coordination chemists to further tune the structural features to modulate the adsorption or separation efficiency of the simple and low-cost polymer for environmental protection for future efforts.

Methylenedisalicylic Acid as a Biocorrosion Inhibitor for Aluminum in Concentrated Sodium Chloride Solutions.

3,3′-Methylenedisalicylic acid (MDS) was synthesized and ascertained on the basis of elemental analyses (C, H) and spectral measurements (IR, mass, 1H NMR, and UV–vis). Moreover, the prepared MDS compound has been assayed for its antimicrobial action against the growth of fungi as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrated the possibility of its usefulness to restrain the growth of both fungi and bacteria, whereas MDS showed its best impact against Candida albicans. The inhibitive impact of MDS on the corrosion of aluminum (Al) in concentrated sodium chloride solution (3.5 wt % NaCl) has been investigated. The corrosion work was done by potentiodynamic cyclic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronoamperometric current–time measurements and complemented by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray investigations. It was found that MDS molecules protect the aluminum against corrosion, and its ability increases with the increase of concentration from 5 × 10–5 to 1 × 10–4 M and further to 5 × 10–4 M. The electrochemical results were supported by the morphological analysis and proved that the presence of MDS inhibits the uniform and pitting corrosion of Al in the chloride solutions.

Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of cutaneous tuberculosis in 1458 Indian patients: a retrospective analytical study from a tertiary care center.

Tuberculosis (TB) has been one of the most challenging infectious diseases globally. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) accounts for 0.5-2% of extrapulmonary TB and is often missed owing to its varying morphology and paucibacillary nature. In this retrospective analytical study, we share our 22-year experience to describe the clinicoepidemiological features and treatment response of CTB in 1458 Indian patients. In each patient, detailed history was followed by clinical examination, hematological and biochemical investigations, Mantoux testing, chest x-ray, and other specialized investigations to detect coexisting systemic foci. Clinical diagnosis of CTB was confirmed on histopathology/cytology and response to standard antitubercular treatment (ATT). All details were recorded on a predesigned proforma. Of 1458 eligible patients, 803 were children. The mean disease duration was 15.3 months. Lupus vulgaris (40.4%) was the most common clinical variant, followed by scrofuloderma (32.7%) and lichen scrofulosorum (15.2%). Other variants included tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, gumma, tuberculids, and inoculation TB. Multiple clinical variants were observed in 3.6% of patients. A total of 41.4% of patients had coexistent systemic foci; in lymph nodes (50.4%), lungs (35.6%), bone (10.3%), and abdomen (5.8%). TB foci were also observed at uncommon locations like the eye, central nervous system, and genital organs. Treatment response to ATT was favorable in 99.2%. The burden of CTB still persists in developing countries. The diagnosis is often missed due to the wide spectrum of clinical and histological presentations. Awareness among clinicians of varying aspects of CTB is of paramount importance for early diagnosis and management and will significantly prevent morbidity and disease complications.

Molecular modeling of polyaniline macromolecules and physic-chemical properties of composites on their basis

Are obtained polymer-polymer composites based on polyaniline and water-soluble polymers - polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylic acid and copolymer of styrene with maleic anhydride. Investigation of thermomechanical properties and X-ray and FTIR spectra showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between the conductive polymer and a water-soluble polymer. Constructed quantum-chemical models of composites were proposed. The energy of hydrogen bonds is found.

RESULTS OF APPLYING X-RAY INVESTIGATION METHODS IN PATIENTS AFTER BONE DEFECT RESTORATION BY OSTEOPLASTIC MATERIALS USING CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES

The results of applying X-ray investigation methods to confirm effectiveness of the developed osteoplastic combination including multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue, which was used to fill bone defects in operated patients, have been elusidated. Participants and methods. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. To determine the density of bone tissue, CT scanning was done for 26 patients when replacing the bone defect with «Kolapan–L» (group A), for 28 people during the augmentation with an osteoplastic combination containing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue (group B), and for 25 patients where bone defect healing occurred spontaneously (group C). The study was conducted after the surgical operations (in 3-5-day, 3-, 6-, 12-month follow up period. We have found out the patients of group B who received the preparation «Kolapan–L» to fill bone defects in combination with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue and platelet-rich plasma demonstrate completed osteoregeneratis with newly formed bone tissue without granules of osteoplastic material in 6-8 months after the surgical intervention. In the patients of group A, who received the preparation «Kolapan–L» to replace bone defect, a complete osteoregeneration was observed in small and medium defects in 6-8 months, and more pronounced outcomes (more than 2.0 mm) were seen in 12-16 months. In the patients of group C (spontaneous healing), small bone defects were observed after 9-11 months the healing, while significant defects showed no complete tissues regeneration even in 12 month period. The results have demonstrated that in 12 month period, the patients of group B have the average density of osteoregenerate equalled 1036,69±55,53 HU that is 1.5 times and 1.8 times more than those values in the group A, p&lt;0.01, and in the group B, p&lt;0.05, p1&lt;0.01, respectively.

Mediastinal Tumor Thymoma Type B1 T4N2M1B Stage IVB with Multimodality Therapy

The incidence of thymoma increases with age, generally occurs in the 40-60s. Thymoma cases are rare at a young age. The prevalence of thymoma at a young age is very small at 0.6 – 5% of all thymoma cases. Thymoma management requires multimodality therapy depending on the stage of the thymoma, along with the development of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the past three decades. A 21-year-old male patient with complaints of shortness of breath since 5 months before being admitted to the hospital. The patient has been diagnosed with thymoma type Mediastimum Tumor Type B1 T4N2M1B stage IVB from the results of chest X-ray investigations, chest CT scan, bronchoscopy and histopathological examination. The patient has received various therapeutic modalities including 6 cycles of chemotherapy, 30 radiotherapy and thymectomy surgery

Patient X-Ray Entrance Surface Dose at a Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto, North-West Nigeria.

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background: The entrance surface dose (ESD) has been used to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRL) by regulatory bodies to help medical radiation workers to checkmate excessive dose to patients.&#x0D; Objective: To peer review practice in our centre using recommended diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) as standard.&#x0D; Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of fifty x-ray patients who had thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) taped on their skin to quantify entrance surface dose (ESD) during x-ray investigation. The patients appeared in Radiology Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto between 1st August and 30th September 2018. Their weights and heights were measured directly. Thereafter, they were divided into 5 groups of ten each for five specific anatomical areas: PA chest, AP of pelvis, abdomen, lumbosacral spine, and lateral lumbosacral spine. Irradiated TLDs were read, and the mean ESD was calculated.&#x0D; Results: Entrance surface dose (ESD) was 0.26 mGy (chest), 0.46 mGy (AP lumbosacral), 0.71 mGy (pelvis), 1.3 mGy (abdomen), and 1.6 mGy (lateral lumbosacral). The ESD values were found to be lower than similar studies carried out in Nigeria, as well as diagnostic reference levels in UK.&#x0D; Conclusion: Optimization of patient protection in UDUTH was comparable to recommended practices locally and internationally.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Electro-mechanical investigations of steel fiber reinforced self-sensing cement composite and their implications for real-time structural health monitoring

Self-Sensing Cement Composites (SSC) made from cementitious composites with electrically conductive elements have many applications in structural health monitoring (SHM). Because of their compatibility and endurance, SSC outnumbers traditional piezoelectric and fiber optic sensors in SHM. This study aims to develop a self-sensing composite using steel fibers and silica fume. Silica fume is utilized in the composite to improve strength and accelerate material dispersion. In addition to compressive strength and conductivity, which are crucial for self-sensing characteristics, the research also focuses on piezoresistivity and sensitivity of a composite to have real-time applications in SHM. The performance index approach is used to optimize the SSC with combined strength, conductive and sensing characteristics. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX) investigations are carried out to study the morphology characteristics that induce strength and conductivity to the composite. The optimized SSC is embedded at the compression zone, tensile zone, and combined flexure-shear zone (500 mm from beam center) in the beam and at the center of columns to monitor their performance (deflection). According to the research findings, steel fibers increased the compressive strength (= 67.3 MPa) and reduced the resistivity (= 103 Ωcm) of the composite. The piezoresistivity and stress sensitivity of a composite is influenced by the compressive strength of the composite and the dispersion of steel fiber in the composite. Silica fume contributes directly to strength by forming more calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) and indirectly to conductivity by permitting the dispersion of conductive materials. The results revealed that an SSC embedded in the compression zone can accurately depict the deflection of the beam than the SSC embedded in the tensile and combined flexural zones of the beam. The developed SSC can lower its resistivity in the beams with a maximum Pearson correlation coefficient between deflection and resistivity as 0.99. However, in this combined flexure and shear zone (500 mm from the beam center), the composite cannot distinguish between rapid and slow reduction in beam deflection. The research inferred that the SSC has a strong relationship with column deflection (=0.94 approx.) up to the development of cracks in the SSC. Finally, after characterization, strength, resistivity assessments, and application in structural components, the steel fibers are identified and justified as potential materials for developing SSC.

X-ray investigation of long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in FeRh

We demonstrate a probe of long-range antiferromagnetic (AF) order in FeRh thin films using non-resonant magnetic x-ray scattering. In particular, x-rays at energies below the Fe K-edge have been used for the observation of magnetic Bragg peaks. Due to the low efficiency of the magnetic scattering, a grazing incidence geometry was used to optimise the diffracted intensity from the thin film samples. Based on Scherrer analysis, we estimate a coherence length similar to previous reports from x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) experiments, indicating that domain sizes are limited to 40 nm which is consistent with the grain size. The temperature dependent behaviour of the AF order shows an inverse correlation with the emergence of the ferromagnetic (FM) moment, as expected from the phase diagram.

Technologies of Wind Turbine Blade Repair: Practical Comparison

Maintenance and repair of wind turbines contribute to the higher costs of wind energy. In this paper, various technologies of structural repair of damaged and broken wind turbine blades are compared. The composite plates, mimicking damaged blade parts, were damaged and repaired, using various available curing and bonding technologies. Technologies of repair with hand layup lamination, vacuum repair with hand layup and infusion, ultraviolet repair and high temperature thermal curing were compared. The repaired samples were tested under tensile static and fatigue tests, and subject to microscopic X-ray investigations. It was observed that both the strength of the repaired structures and the porosity depend on the repair technology used. Vacuum-based technologies lead to relatively stiff and lower-strength repaired plates, while ultraviolet-curing technologies lead to average stiffness and high strength. High-temperature vacuum curing leads to the highest maximum stress. Hand layup (both vacuum and without vacuum) leads to high post-repair porosity in the adhesive and scarf, while vacuum infusion leads to low porosity. Fatigue lifetime generally follows the trend of porosity. There exist risks of micro-damaging the parent laminate and the formation of residual stresses in the repaired structure.

In-situ X-ray investigation of growth behavior of primary silicon particles and aluminum dendrites during solidification of a hypereutectic Al-Si-Cu alloy

The solidification behavior of hypereutectic Al-18 wt%Si-10 wt%Cu alloy was investigated using in-situ X-ray radiography. Sheet-like samples were solidified both under isothermal cooling conditions and in a moderate temperature gradient with different process parameters. The real-time observation method allows for the investigation of the growth of faceted primary Si particles and non-faceted Al dendrites. Cooling down below the liquidus temperature, firstly primary silicon particles nucleate and grow. At low cooling rates just a few Si particles nucleate and grow continuously to large sizes, whereas at higher cooling rates a larger number of smaller Si particles appear. As cooling continues below the nucleation temperature of aluminium, simultaneous growth of both columnar and equiaxed Al dendrites in the melt surrounding the primary Si particles was observed. In-situ observation as well as post-mortem analysis of the solidification morphology demonstrated that nucleation and growth of Al dendrites in the melt was nearly independent of existing Si particles and no indication was found that the Al phase starts growing from the surface of Si particles. The growth of the equiaxed Al dendrites can be explained by the thermal undercooling controlled by the application of a constant and continuous cooling, but the reason for the fast growing columnar Al dendrites in an isothermal melt is still not clear.

Molecular Packing of Phenoxazine: A Combined Single-Crystal/Crystal Structure Prediction Study

Phenoxazine is a heterocyclic molecule, which is used either as a parent molecule or with substituents for applications in various scientific fields: e.g., as a potential antioxidant. The purpose of this work is to present the molecular packing of phenoxazine within the crystalline state, as surprisingly no crystal structure is known so far. The crystal structure solution was performed by single-crystal X-ray investigations. Although the molecule has some potential for intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the observed structure is the classical herringbone packing typical for rodlike conjugated molecules. However, severe substitutional disorder of oxygen and nitrogen atoms is observed over their two opposite positions within the molecule. To get deeper insight into this disorder phenomenon, theoretical studies were performed, including crystal structure prediction using state of the art density functional theory techniques. The theoretical investigations confirm the experimentally observed 50% occupancy of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Potential Anticancer Agents against Melanoma Cells Based on an As-Synthesized Thiosemicarbazide Derivative.

In this paper, thiosemicarbazide derivatives were synthesized as potential anticancer agents. X-ray investigations for 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl) thiosemicarbazide, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-metylothiophenyl)thiosemicarbazide and 1-(2,4-di chlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(4-iodophenyl)thiosemicarbazide were carried out in order to confirm the synthesis pathways, identify their tautomeric forms, analyze the conformational preferences of molecules, and identify intra- and intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state. TLC and RP-HPLC analyses were used to determine lipophilicity. The lipophilicity analysis revealed that the 4-substituted halogen derivatives of thiosemicarbazides showed greater lipophilicity compared with 2-substituted derivatives. The optimal range of lipophilicity for biologically active compounds logkw is between 4.14 and 4.78. However, as the analysis showed, it is not a decisive parameter. The cytotoxicity of the new compounds was evaluated against both the G-361 and BJ cell lines. Cytotoxicity analyses and cell-cycle and cell apoptosis assays were performed. The MTT test demonstrated that three compounds were cytotoxic to melanoma cells and not toxic to normal fibroblasts in the concentration range used. The cell cycle analysis showed that the compounds had no significant effect on the cell cycle inhibition. An extensive gene expression analysis additionally revealed that all compounds tested downregulated the expression of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. Due to the rapid rate of cancer cell proliferation and the increased demand for nucleotide synthesis, it has become a potential therapeutic target.

Role of Computed Tomography in Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma is one of the commonly encountered surgical emergencies. The diagnostic modality that helps in optimum management of these patients includes chest and abdominal x-rays, Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma scan and Computed Tomography. In selected hemodynamically stable patients who are candidates for non-operative management, Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography is not considered essential and hence avoiding its own radiation hazards and decreasing extra financial burden to the patients.&#x0D; Aims: To evaluate whether Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography is necessary or not in case of blunt trauma abdomen.&#x0D; Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study done in the department of surgery at Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur conducted from October 2020 to March 2021. The patients with blunt abdominal trauma who were hemodynamically stable at the time of presentation and those who became stable after resuscitation were included. These patient’s detailed history was taken, clinical examination done. Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma scan was done at the time of presentation along with chest x-ray and other necessary blood investigation. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and p-value &lt;0.05 was taken as significant.&#x0D; Results: Out of total 53 patients, age group between 11-20 and 21-30 years comprising of 13 patients with male: female ratio of 1.94:1 were affected more. Fall injury, being the most common mode, comprised 20 patients. The commonest organ involved was spleen seen in 17 patients (32.1%), liver in 16 patients (30.2%). In 44 (83.0%) patients, Computed Tomography scan was done only in nine patients who were also managed conservatively, except one who underwent laparoscopic evacuation of collected blood. Seventeen (32.1%) patients underwent repeat ultrasonography without any new findings.&#x0D; Conclusion: Patients with blunt abdominal trauma with stable hemodynamics can be managed conservatively with limited use of Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography scan.

The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates.

There was a contradiction in the previous literature on whether the D/D genotype of angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) is a protective or risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature neonates. To solve this debate, we intended to examine the association between ACE gene polymorphism and RDS in premature neonates. We enrolled a total of 100 premature neonates with gestational age below 37 weeks. They were divided into 2 groups, the case group included 50 premature neonates diagnosed with RDS. While the control group included 50 premature neonates with no signs of RDS. We assessed ACE gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction. All neonates underwent chest x-ray, echocardiography, and routine laboratory investigations. D/D and D/I genotypes were higher in the control group (48% and 50%) than in the case group (26% and 40%). Whereas, I/I genotype was lower in the control group (2%) than in the case group (34%) (p < 0.001). By counting D alleles among members of both groups, D-alleles were significantly higher in the control group (73%) than in the case group (46%) (p < 0.001). In premature neonates, D/D and D/I genotypes and D-alleles are protective factors for RDS. Whereas, I/I genotype and I-alleles are associated with the incidence of RDS with complications.

Correlation of Chest Radiological Findings with Biochemical Markers on Oxygen Requirement in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis

Background: The study is to correlate Chest X-ray scoring with the laboratory markers and to determine the oxygen requirement in COVID-19 patients. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study in COVID confirmed patients in the age group of 18 to 80 years admitted in our health care system. At the time of admission within 24 hours, chest X-ray and blood investigations like complete blood count, C-reactive protein, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), d-dimers, serum ferritin were performed in all the patients. Patients data including his oxygen requirement was collected by electronic medical records. Brixia scoring system was employed to account for the extent and density of airspace opacification. The scoring of the Chest X-ray was correlated to the various blood test. Result: One hundred nine COVID confirmed cases were included in our study. There was a statistically significant correlation between Chest X-ray and age with p = 0.008; chest X-ray and d-dimers with p=0.004. Also patients requiring high oxygen therapy had significantly higher chest X-ray scores (p=0.001) Conclusion: Patient having increased oxygen requirement were found to have higher N/L Ratio, D-dimer and LDH values. Chest X-ray scoring is highly correlated with laboratory findings and disease severity and might be beneficial to speed up the diagnostic workflow in symptomatic patients.