Investigation Of Organised Crime Research Articles

UYUSHGAN JINOYATCHILIKNI TERGOV QILISHNING DASTLABKI BOSQICHIDA TIPIK TERGOV VAZIYATLARI XORIJIY DAVLATLAR MISOLIDA

This article presents situations in investigative actions against organized crime in the example of developed countries. Measures to combat organized crime must be constantly improved and have a feature that prevents the development of organized crime. That is, operatives need to use new methods to quickly collect and analyze information about the crime. Each of these cases can be classified as investigative cases on the facts of detection, suppression and disclosure of crimes related to a specific mechanism of criminal activity. Particularly relevant is the problem of proving the fight against organized crime in the framework of criminal procedure regulation. That is, obtaining evidence illegally affects its admissibility, and its use causes problems in court. The use of effective methods in the investigation of organized crime is emphasized. Also, the practice of coercive and voluntary prosecution, delivery of data collected under supervision, the use of testimony from accomplices in crime, and the admissibility of evidence in court are discussed. It stipulates that investigative actions are carried out in a procedural manner according to the legislation of developed countries.

The necessity of a modern approach to criminal investigation of organized crime

Since organized and other forms of crime are liable to change, modernisation and adaptation to specific social conditions, this phenomenon also requires some changes, but this time in the approach used in its detection, prevention, or proof. The primary reason for the selection of this topic is to draw the attention of the scientific society to the importance of expanding existing scientific and professional knowledge in the field of the criminal investigation of organized crime. Continuous and accelerated development of organized crime should be accompanied by the simultaneous development and improvement of tactical approaches to the investigation of this socially negative phenomenon. This article is primarily aimed at pointing out the importance of continuous improvement of traditional, classical, or methods in use, but also the development of new and modern activities that are used to combat organized crime. In addition to the conceptual definition and presentation of the elements that characterise organized crime, the author emphasises the importance of modernisation or improvement of the traditional investigation approach and presents a significant contemporary approach in the criminal investigation of organized crime. There is no success and progress in combating organized crime without proactive investigation, modern technologies, intelligence gathering, and special investigative measures. It should be noted that organized crime in most cases expands its activities to two or more countries, i.e., achieves cross-border activities that require international cooperation (criminal, police, inter-agency). The value of international police cooperation is also reflected in the fact that organized crime operates across national boundaries, does not choose society or state. Accordingly, it would be much more effective for judicial, police, and other competent authorities to remove any kind of obstacles, barriers and raise up international co-operation to the highest level, to establish an effective system for combating organized crime.

DNA and CODIS in Organized Crime Investigations in Montenegro

Organized crime is a continuous activity whose illicit activities lead to profit. DNA analysis is important in solving both individual and organized crimes. One of the most important tools in finding and identifying perpetrators with the help of DNA analysis is the CODIS System or DNA registry. The existence of a database makes it easier to identify returnees of some crimes, then connect different people with one person at the scene, as well as connect multiple people with one person. The importance of DNA profiles and DNA databases in organized crime research is great. National legislation regarding the collection and storage of samples for DNA analysis differs. Thanks to DNA expertise and DNA as evidence, in a large number of court judgments we have appropriate penalties for committing crimes. From this research, 36% of the success of obtaining relevant DNA profiles for solving the crime of murder, and in the case of attempted murders was determined.

The operational role and the importance of the application of criminal procedures during the investigation of the organized crime in Kosovo

The application of criminal procedures in the investigation of organized crime in Kosovo quests a deeper empirical study and wider research of a scientific literature than ever done before. The failure of many organized crime cases throughout the courts of Kosovo and the light and acquittal sentences are real indications that the application of criminal proceedings is not being properly conveyed in practice. The data provided through the empirical research of this paper indicate that non-compliance with criminal procedures leads to a decrease in efficiency and a significant increase in organized crime cases. Through this research we aim to identify the possible factors that affect the growth of the phenomenon of crime as well as the reflection of institutions dealing with the prevention and fight against crime. According to the observation the author suspects that the starting point of criminal proceedings regardless of the degree of probability is extremely important for the fight against crime, especially the fight against modern forms characterized by a high degree of organization, professionalism, specialization and secrecy. This paper reflects the detailed theoretical research of the scientific literature by various local and foreign authors and experts who have written about criminal procedures, research and analysis of theoretical and practical data on the meaning and importance of the implementation of criminal procedures in detecting organized crime in Kosovo are of particular importance to investigators of organized crime in the future.
 The effectiveness of criminal procedures in detection of organized crime in Kosovo should be closely related to criminology, criminalistics and criminal policy, the implementation of criminal procedures should in principle aim to return the basis of suspicion to the highest level of suspicion. This activity starts with the appearance of the basis of suspicion or the highest form of suspicion in the form of orientation and elimination indicators. The same activity consists of criminal control and processing. The content and strategy of these activities determine their further course, as well as condition the range of rules of criminal science in a specific case based on the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as other provisions of laws and bylaws. The strategy and tactics of these activities are dictated by the type of criminal offense.

The concept and meaning of forensic expertise in the disclosure and investigation of organized criminal activity in the field of taxation

The article considers the tasks and subject of forensic economic expertise, highlights its capabilities in practice for the disclosure and investigation of organized crime in the field of taxation.

Combating trafficking of Hungarian women to Western Europe: a multi-level analysis of the international law enforcement cooperation

Human trafficking is an increasing field of academic research, but the obstacles of investigation and prosecution of traffickers is still under-researched. This article analyses the challenges of prosecution of criminal groups facilitating the prostitution of Hungarian women to Western European countries by focusing on international cooperation of law enforcement agencies. Although the scientific literature mostly focuses on the influence of international agreements on national level policing, based on a multilevel analysis, the current article scrutinizes the organizational and individual dimensions in transnational policing and the implementation of the anti-trafficking measures in practice. Despite the aims of the global prohibition regime, victim-focus approach in human trafficking remains neglected by large in the Hungarian practice. The article is based on structured interviews with members of law enforcement agencies, observation of court trials, legal documents and secondary written sources on the investigation of organized crime in Hungary.

Developments in State Witness Protection Programmes: The Italian Experience in an International Comparative Perspective

Across the world, there is growing concern about the intimidation of witnesses in organized crime investigations and the impact of this in terms of undermining both public confidence in the criminal justice system and its effectiveness. Recognition of these problems has prompted many governments to invest in state witness protection programmes. This article examines the Italian State Witness Protection Programme in a comparative international context in order to understand what lessons can be learnt from it. In particular, it asks what can be learnt from (1) the law and the structure of the protection programme, (2) the challenges of turning criminals into effective state witnesses and (3) the importance of public opinion. It concludes that state witness protection programmes are a fundamental part of the fight against organized crime, but what is needed to make them efficient include resources, skilled personnel and political will.

The Law: President Bush's First Executive Privilege Claim: The FBI/Boston Investigation

President George W. Bush staked out an array of positions in protection of government secrecy, including his first use of executive privilege in a congressional investigation. He invoked privilege in a House committee inquiry in December 2001, with respect to Justice Department deliberative documents bearing on serious abuses by the Boston Federal Bureau of Investigation. The ensuing dispute came to a climax in a March 2002 bearing at which the committee invited this author to analyze previous parallel oversight situations. Soon thereafter, the Bush administration effectively surrendered its attempted executive privilege claim and provided the key documents that bad been withheld.

Ukraine, International money laundering, and the investigation of organized crime

Ukraine, International money laundering, and the investigation of organized crime

Intelligence as Governance

literature that began to emerge in the early 1970s in response to congressional committee revelations of widespread intelligence abuses. The author, Frank Donner, is a lawyer who admits to a long-standing obsession with his own personal surveillance of official repression of dissent. For more than thirty years Donner has collected and catalogued data on government efforts at suppression. In the 1950s Donner acted as a trial consultant and appellate litigator in a series of Smith Act prosecutions and later served as counsel to several witnesses subpoenaed to testify before congressional countersubversive committees. In 1971 he accepted a post as director of the American Civil Liberties Union's Project on Political Surveillance. This book is the product of his work on that project. The Age of Surveillance is a carefully documented, thoughtfully executed history of the American intelligence establishment. Donner takes us on a dark journey through the labyrinthine structure of that establishment, a journey that traverses virtually every major pathway of American government. Turning initially to the FBI, Donner traces the process by which the bureau, through deceit, misrepresentation, and manipulation, managed to obtain and then to maintain for some forty years its largely spurious authority to conduct domestic intelligence investigations. In the course of his narrative Donner offers an in-depth, if not revelatory, profile of J. Edgar Hoover and of the manner in which he molded the bureau to suit his own ends. We have seen this stuff before, but Donner attacks his subject with particular relish, doggedly following the director's every step as he purposefully turned his back on conventional law enforcement and the investigation of organized crime in order to pursue a higher good-the suppression of subversion. Donner also gives us the bureau in action, depicting in detail the FBI's investigative techniques and strategies, its methods of data collection and retention, and its various counterintelligence programs. Donner's journey takes us beyond the bureau. He documents Operation