Inversion Movement Research Articles

邦戈尔盆地北部斜坡油气成藏期次研究

利用原油物性、色谱–质谱及包裹体等资料，通过地球化学、流体包裹体等方法，结合主生烃期和圈闭形成，对乍得邦戈尔盆地北部斜坡油藏成藏期次及时间进行了分析。结果显示，原油样品中具有正构烷烃系列与25-降藿烷系列同时并存及正常原油与降解原油的倒置分布等特征，表明研究区油气经历多期次的成藏。包裹体镜下鉴定可见烃类包裹体和盐水溶液包裹体特征整体相似，表明原油组分及成熟度相近。成藏综合分析表明，邦戈尔盆地北部斜坡存在一个主要的成藏期为晚白垩世早期，而晚白垩世晚期和古近纪晚期的2次构造反转运动期为研究区2个重要的油气成藏调整期。 Based on the analysis data of physical properties of crude oil, GC-MS, fluid inclusion and so on, by using the organic geochemistry method, fluid inclusion analysis method, combined with the main hydrocarbon generation period method and trap forming method, the period of the oil and gas accumulation on the northern slope of Bongor Basin was researched. The results show that there are probably more periods of oil and gas accumulation in the study area according to the characteristics of the coexistence of n-alkanes series and 25-norhopance series, the inversion distribution of normal oils and degraded oils, and so on. The result of microscopic identification of the fluid inclusion indicates that the characteristics of hydrocarbon inclusions and saline inclusions are similar. Comprehensive analysis of the oil and gas accumulation shows that the early period of late Cretaceous is the main period of oil and gas accumulation on the northern slope of Bongor Basin, while the late period of late Cretaceous and late Paleogene are the 2 important adjustment periods of hydrocarbon accumulation in the 2 times of tectonic inversion movement.

Use of a Textured Insole to Improve the Association Between Postural Balance and Ankle Discrimination in Young Male and Female Dancers.

Ballet dancers require a high level of postural balance (PB) and proprioception ability during performance. As textured insoles inserted into ballet shoes were found to improve proprioception ability, and better proprioceptive acuity was associated with better PB, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the association between ankle inversion movement discrimination (AIMD) and PB changed following wearing textured insoles in young male and female dancers. Forty-four dancers from the Australian Ballet School, ages 14-19 yrs, were tested for static and dynamic PB and AIMD under two conditions: in ballet shoes, and in ballet shoes with textured insoles inserted. Female dancers demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between AIMD and static PB in the medio-lateral direction when wearing ballet shoes, but not when wearing textured insoles. Male dancers showed a non-monotonic relationship when tested with ballet shoes only, but a significant inverse relationship between AIMD and dynamic PB in the vertical direction and with the waist/head cross-correlation acceleration in the three movement directions when they were tested with textured insoles. Male dancers demonstrated an improved association between dynamic PB and proprioception ability when using textured insoles, suggesting that the increased afferent information from the plantar surface had a beneficial effect on proprioception feedback about their PB. Conversely, for female dancers, that association was present when wearing ballet shoes, but not when using textured insoles, suggesting that the increased afferent information for female dancers who already had high proprioception ability was "overloaded" by wearing the textured insoles.

Does Wearing Textured Insoles during Non-class Time Improve Proprioception in Professional Dancers?

This study sought to determine whether textured insoles inserted in the sports shoes of young dancers improved their inversion and eversion ankle movement discrimination. 26 ballet dancers (14 female, 12 male) from the Australian Ballet School, ages 14-19 years, were divided into 2 groups according to sex and class levels. During the first 4 weeks, the first intervention group (GRP1) was asked to wear textured insoles in their sports shoes during non-class periods, and the second intervention group (GRP2) followed standard practice. In the next 4 weeks, GRP2 was asked to wear the textured insoles and GRP1 did not wear the textured insoles. Participants were tested pre-intervention, after 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks for both inversion and eversion ankle discrimination. In both inversion and eversion testing positions, interaction was found between the 2 groups and the 3 testing times (p<0.001), with significant differences between the first testing and the second testing (p=0.038 and p=0.019, respectively), and between the third testing and the second testing (p=0.003 and p=0.029, respectively). In conclusion, the stimulation to the proprioceptive system arising from textured insoles worn for 4 weeks was sufficient to improve the ankle proprioception of ballet dancers, in both inversion and eversion movements.

The Paleocene stratigraphic records in the Central Netherlands and close surrounding basins: Highlighting the different responses to a late Danian change in stress regime within the Central European Basin System

Despite their similar structural style of inversion under Late Cretaceous compressional stress, basins in the Central European Basin System showed different kinematic responses to a late Danian change in the European intra-plate stress-field.The Late Cretaceous phase was recognized throughout the Central European Basin System by compressional inversion of the Mesozoic rifts, and the simultaneous formation of marginal troughs. The late Danian change in stress regime resulted in a Middle Paleocene phase which excited longer wavelength of vertical surface movements. In several basins in Central Europe, this Middle Paleocene phase was characterized by domal uplift of the Late Cretaceous inversion zones and their proximal areas, which was interpreted to result from a sudden relaxation of the in-plane tectonic stress (a so-called relaxation inversion).Based on the Paleocene stratigraphic records, this study shows that some basins in the south-western part of the Central European Basin System experienced subsidence of the Late Cretaceous inversion zones during the Middle Paleocene phase, or the complete opposite vertical surface movements of a relaxation inversion. Two possible mechanisms (superposition of relaxation inversions and lithospheric folding during compression) are discussed that could provide an explanation for the opposite late Danian and Selandian vertical surface movements of nearby basins in the Central European Basin System.

Stretch Out or Fold Back? Conformations of Dinuclear Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Macrocycles

We report the synthesis and characterization of 12 new dinuclear gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes and the corresponding imidazolium precursors. The focus lies in a systematic study of conformational changes and intra- and intermolecular gold-gold and π-π interactions of dinuclear gold(I) carbene complexes. Common to all members of the series of gold macrocycles are NHC ligands on the basis of imidazole with ethyl side chains and bromide as well as hexafluorophosphate counterions, respectively. The compounds vary in the length of a flexible alkyl linker between the NHC units. For the methylene and ethylene bridged macrocycles, a ring inversion movement can be observed by VT-NMR. In total, 11 molecular structures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Open ring conformations with intermolecular π-π and Au-Au interactions prevail, but a backfolded conformation with a short intramolecular Au-Au distance has been found for the ethylene-bridged species. The presence of Au-Au interactions could be proven by quantum chemical calculations.

The effect of textured ballet shoe insoles on ankle proprioception in dancers

BackgroundImpaired ankle inversion movement discrimination (AIMD) can lead to ankle sprain injuries. The aim of this study was to explore whether wearing textured insoles improved AIMD compared with barefoot, ballet shoes and smooth insoles, among dancers. MethodsForty-four adolescent male and female dancers, aged 13–19, from The Australian Ballet School were tested for AIMD while barefoot, wearing ballet shoes, smooth insoles, and textured insoles. ResultsNo interaction was found between the four different footwear conditions, the two genders, or the two levels of dancers in AIMD (p > .05). An interaction was found between the four different footwear conditions and the three tertiles when tested in ballet shoes (p = .006). Although significant differences were found between the upper tertiles and the lower tertiles when tested with ballet shoes, barefoot and with smooth insoles (p < .001; p < .001; p = .047, respectively), when testing with textured insoles dancers in the lower tertile obtained similar scores to those obtained by dancers in the upper tertile (p = .911). ConclusionTextured insoles improved the discrimination scores of dancers with low AIMD, suggesting that textured insoles may trigger the cutaneous receptors in the plantar surface, increasing the awareness of ankle positioning, which in turn might decrease the chance of ankle injury.

A 3-PRS parallel manipulator for ankle rehabilitation: towards a low-cost robotic rehabilitation

SUMMARYThis paper presents the design, kinematics, dynamics and control of a low-cost parallel rehabilitation robot developed at the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia. Several position and force controllers have been tested to ensure accurate tracking performances. An orthopedic boot, equipped with a force sensor, has been placed over the platform of the parallel robot to perform exercises for injured ankles. Passive, active-assistive and active-resistive exercises have been implemented to train dorsi/plantar flexion, inversion and eversion ankle movements. In order to implement the controllers, the component-based middleware Orocos has been used with the advantage over other solutions that the whole scheme control can be implemented modularly. These modules are independent and can be configured and reconfigured in both configuration and runtime. This means that no specific knowledge is needed by medical staff, for example, to carry out rehabilitation exercises using this low-cost parallel robot. The integration between Orocos and ROS, with a CAD model displaying the actual position of the rehabilitation robot in real time, makes it possible to develop a teleoperation application. In addition, a teleoperated rehabilitation exercise can be performed by a specialist using a Wiimote (or any other Bluetooth device).

Preventive lateral ligament tester (PLLT): a novel method to evaluate mechanical properties of lateral ankle joint ligaments in the intact ankle.

To construct and evaluate an ankle arthrometer that registers inversion joint deflection at standardized inversion loads and that, moreover, allows conclusions about the mechanical strain of intact ankle joint ligaments at these loads. Twelve healthy ankles and 12 lower limb cadaver specimens were tested in a self-developed measuring device monitoring passive ankle inversion movement (Inv-ROM) at standardized application of inversion loads of 5, 10 and 15 N. To adjust in vivo and in vitro conditions, the muscular inactivity of the evertor muscles was assured by EMG in vivo. Preliminary, test-retest and trial-to-trial reliabilities were tested in vivo. To detect lateral ligament strain, the cadaveric calcaneofibular ligament was instrumented with a buckle transducer. After post-test harvesting of the ligament with its bony attachments, previously obtained resistance strain gauge results were then transferred to tensile loads, mounting the specimens with their buckle transducers into a hydraulic material testing machine. ICC reliability considering the Inv-ROM and torsional stiffness varied between 0.80 and 0.90. Inv-ROM ranged from 15.3° (±7.3°) at 5 N to 28.3° (±7.6) at 15 N. The different tests revealed a CFL tensile load of 31.9 (±14.0) N at 5 N, 51.0 (±15.8) at 10 N and 75.4 (±21.3) N at 15 N inversion load. A highly reliable arthrometer was constructed allowing not only the accurate detection of passive joint deflections at standardized inversion loads but also reveals some objective conclusions of the intact CFL properties in correlation with the individual inversion deflections. The detection of individual joint deflections at predefined loads in correlation with the knowledge of tensile ligament loads in the future could enable more individual preventive measures, e.g., in high-level athletes.

Evolutionary dynamics of the mitochondrial genome in the evaniomorpha (hymenoptera)—a group with an intermediate rate of gene rearrangement.

We determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of three evaniomorph species, Ceraphron sp. (Ceraphronoidea), Gasteruption sp. (Evanioidea), and Orthogonalys pulchella (Trigonalyoidea) as well as the nearly complete mt genome from another evaniomorph species, Megalyra sp. (Megalyroidea). Each of them possesses dramatic gene rearrangements, including protein-coding or rRNA genes. Gene inversions were identified in all of these mt genomes; for example, the two rRNA genes have inverted and moved into the nad2-cox1 junction in the Megalyra sp. mt genome. In addition, we found two copies of a 10-bp complementary repeat at the beginning of rrnS and at the end of trnL2 in the Gasteruption sp. mt genome, consistent with recombination as the possible mechanism for gene inversion and long-range movement. Although each of the genomes contains a number of repeats of varying size, there was no consistent association of the size or number of repeats with the extent or type of gene rearrangement. The breakpoint distance analysis showed the Evaniomorpha has an intermediate rate of gene rearrangement. Sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein-coding and 2 rRNA genes in 22 hymenopteran taxa recovered a paraphyletic Evaniomorpha with the Aculeata nested within it. Within the Evaniomorpha, our analyses confirmed the Trigonalyoidea + Megalyroidea as the sister group to the Aculeata and recovered a novel clade, Ceraphronoidea + Evanioidea. In contrast to previous hymenopteran phylogenetic studies, the internal relationships of the Evaniomorpha were highly supported and robust to the variation of alignment approach and phylogenetic inference approach.

Relative sensitivity of depth discrimination for ankle inversion and plantar flexion movements.

25 participants (20 women, 5 men) were tested for sensitivity in discrimination between sets of six movements centered on 8 degrees, 11 degrees, and 14 degrees, and separated by 0.3 degrees. Both inversion and plantar flexion movements were tested. Discrimination of the extent of inversion movement was observed to decline linearly with increasing depth; however, for plantar flexion, the discrimination function for movement extent was found to be non-linear. The relatively better discrimination of plantar flexion movements than inversion movements at around 11 degrees from horizontal is interpreted as an effect arising from differential amounts of practice through use, because this position is associated with the plantar flexion movement made in normal walking. The fact that plantar flexion movements are discriminated better than inversion at one region but not others argues against accounts of superior proprioceptive sensitivity for plantar flexion compared to inversion that are based on general properties of plantar flexion such as the number of muscle fibres on stretch.

Efecto de los posteos mediales de retropié sobre la posición de calcáneo y tibia en estática

Grounds and objetive . There is an etiology variety for the foot pathology and the lower extremity, being one of them the bad alignment of its sectors. The plantar orthoses are an therapeutic element that are commonly used. Its clinical effect of the reduction of painful symptomatology is demonstrated, but its mechanism of action is still to be proved. This study’s objective is to confirm if there are movements in the tibial and calcaneus alignment related to the isolated use of rearfoot orthotic device with different medial heights in static. Material and methods . 17 healthy subjects were selected for this study and the tibial and calcaneus position was measured, while the subjects were standing up, in the three planes of space in 4 different situations: without orthotic device and with rearfoot orthotic device of 3, 6 and 9 mm medial height. The electronic goniometry Fastrak Polhemus Patriot ® was used for the measurement. Results . The isolated use of rearfoot orthotic devices with different medial heights produced significant inversion movement in the calcaneus (adduction, varus and plantar flexion) and an internal rotation, valgus and rear movement in the tibial (p<0,05) during the different situations. Conclusions . The isolated use of rearfoot orthotic devices with different medial heights affects the tibial and calcaneus posistion in the three planes of space.

Cold water immersion of the ankle decreases neuromuscular response of lower limb after inversion movement

BackgroundCryotherapy has been associated with a significant decrease in nerve conduction velocity and muscle contraction with possible effects on exercise and physical training. ObjectivesTo quantify the electromyographic response of the lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, rectus femoris and gluteus medius to ankle inversion following cold water immersion. MethodThe peak values of the root mean square (RMS) were obtained from 35 healthy and active university subjects after the use of a tilt platform to force the ankle into 30º of inversion before, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after water immersion at 4±2ºC, for 20 minutes. The Shapiro-Wilk test, repeated measures analysis, Bonferroni's post-hoc, and linear regression analysis provided the results. ResultsPeak RMS was significantly lower at all times after cold water immersion, with residual effect of up to 30 minutes, when compared to pre-immersion for all muscles, except for immediate post-immersion for the gluteus medius. ConclusionsAfter cold water immersion of the ankle, special care should be taken in activities that require greater neuromuscular control.

Effects of Aircast brace and elastic bandage on physical performance of athletes after ankle injuries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using Aircast® orthosis and elastic bandage application on the physical performance of athletes with ankle injuries. The study included 60 elite male football players with ankle injuries. Ankle range of motion on the sagittal and frontal plane was measured. One maximum repetition test for the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and peroneal muscles; fingertip rise test, single- and double-feet vertical jump tests and 10-step/sec test for the gastrosoleus were performed. All tests were performed three times; without brace application, wrapped in elastic bandage and fitted with the Aircast® orthosis. There was no statistically significant difference between the test results of single-foot vertical jump, 10-step/sec and fingertip rise tests (p>0.05). Double-feet vertical jump test results with both exterior supports were better than the ankle without any support (p<0.05). Vertical jump test results were significantly higher with the Aircast® orthosis than elastic bandage (p<0.05). Inversion and eversion movements were restricted significantly more in the Aircast® orthosis than in the elastic bandage (p<0.05). Although external supports restrict the foot-ankle range of motion in specific ratios, these restrictions did not adversely affect the athlete's physical fitness. The Aircast® orthosis was more effective than the elastic bandage in reducing injury risk, preventing repetitive injuries and providing an early return to sports.

Evaluation of Joint Position Sense Measured by Inversion Angle Replication Error in Patients with an Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus

The etiology of the osteochondral lesion of the talar dome (OLT) remains unclear. A joint position sense deficit of the ankle is reported to be a possible cause of ankle disorder. Repeated contact of the articular surface of the talar dome with the plafond during inversion might be a cause of OLT. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the joint position sense deficit by measuring the replication error of the inversion angle in patients with OLT. The replication error, which is the difference between the index angle and replication angle in inversion, was measured in 15 patients with OLT. The replication error in 15 healthy volunteers was evaluated as a control group. The side to side differences of the replication errors between the patients with OLT and healthy volunteers and the replication errors in each angle between the involved and uninvolved ankle in the patients with OLT were investigated. Finally, the side to side differences of the replication errors between the patients with OLT with a traumatic and nontraumatic history were compared. The side to side difference in the patients with OLT (1.3° ± 0.2°) was significantly greater than that in the healthy subjects (0.4° ± 0.7°) (p ≤ .05). Significant differences were found between the involved and uninvolved sides at 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° in the patients with OLT. No significant difference (p > .05) was found between the patients with traumatic and nontraumatic OLT. The present study found that the patients with OLT have a joint position sense deficit during inversion movement, regardless of a traumatic history. Although various factors for the etiology of OLT have been reported, the joint position sense deficit in inversion might be a cause of OLT.

Isokinetic Testing of Evertor and Invertor Muscles in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability

Ankle sprains are among the most common sport-related injuries and can lead to chronic ankle instability. Impaired sensorimotor function of the ankle musculature is often suggested as a cause. The current study sought to assess and compare the isokinetic performance and electromyographic patterns of evertor and invertor muscles in patients with chronic ankle instability and in a control group. Twelve patients with chronic ankle instability and twelve healthy subjects were included. Isokinetic eccentric and concentric testing at various angular velocities was performed for eversion and inversion movements. The corresponding myoelectric activities of the fibularis longus and tibialis anterior muscles were quantified from surface electromyographic recordings by computing average root mean square values. Patients had lower myoelectric activity of the evertor and invertor muscles than controls did; this difference could account for the eccentric weakness associated with ankle instability. Functional strength ratios revealed a dynamic strength imbalance in unstable ankle patients and that may contribute to recurrent injury. Our findings suggest that rehabilitation programs for unstable ankle patients must be focused on the motor control of eccentric contractions of the ankle evertors and invertors, to boost these muscles' contribution to ankle stabilization.

G061016 水スターリング熱機関の逆サイクル運転時の液柱振動([G061-01]熱工学部門,一般セッション(1) : エネルギー利用等)

Operating characteristics of a liquid-piston Stirling engine in the inverse cycle movement were investigated experimentally. As the result, the possibility of a liquid-piston Stirling heat pump was shown. It is a distinguishing feature that a liquid-piston Stirling engine has no mechanical part in itself. Many people have been thought that a liquid-piston Stirling engine can work as a heat pump when it operates in the inverse cycle. But, there are only a few researches for the characteristic of an inverse cycle movement of a liquid-piston Stirling engine. In this report, forced vibration was given by a piston which was placed on the surface of the liquid column at the open-end of the resonance tube. The vibrations of the liquid columns were observed. It was confirmed that the optimum resonance tube length exists and both amplitude and phase difference reach at the length. In addition, though it was slight, it was confirmed that the low temperature was obtained by the inverse cycle movement of the liquid-piston Stirling engine.

Chronic Ankle Instability: Results with Brostrom-Evans Procedure

Ankle inversion injuries account for 40% of all sport injuries and up to 20-24% of these will have residual pain, instability, or a combination of both. There are two types of chronic ankle instability: functional and mechanical. In this study, we will retrospectively analyze the Brostrom-Evans technique used to treat the mechanical chronic instabilities. We have reviewed ten procedures in nine recreational athletes, 6 male and 4 female, one of which was bilateral. In two cases, a calcaneal osteotomy was associated to correct the hindfoot varus. The Brostrom-Evans technique solves the chronic instability problem by sacrificing the normal inversion movement of the ankle. We would recommend modifying the hindfoot varus and then performing a Brostrom-Evans plasty in those cases in which a calcaneus varus is associated to a chronic instability.

A Powered Inverting and Everting Prosthetic Foot for Balance Assistance in Lower Limb Amputees

In Brief Lower limb amputees exhibit a high incidence of falls, and many express a fear of falling. The goal of this research was to develop a powered inverting and everting prosthetic foot and discover if it can improve amputee balance. This article describes our progress toward this goal. A novel prosthetic foot consisting of a four-bar mechanism and a linear actuator attached to the keel of a conventional prosthetic foot enabled coronal plane rotation about the ankle axis. Signals from a pylon-mounted load cell were used to provide feedback control of inversion or eversion movements. A robotic bench test was used to measure system response time. A transfemoral amputee (n = 1) wearing the prosthesis participated in tests with and without the control system turned on to measure effects on standing balance and gait. Movement of the center of pressure (sway) while standing with the feet together on a force plate with and without visual feedback was used to quantify effects on standing balance. Step width before and after medially and laterally directed disturbances was used to quantify effects on walking balance. The robotic bench test showed that the settling time in response to a 2-degree step input was ∼180 milliseconds. The standing balance test showed that the prototype prosthesis had no effect with eyes open but reduced sway by 50% with eyes closed. The prosthesis enabled a quick recovery to predisturbance step widths in response to a laterally directed disturbance but had no effect on medially directed disturbances. The results suggest that this first-generation prototype may improve amputee balance, but further work to improve the response time of the device and reduce its weight and length is warranted before undertaking a clinical trial. A powered prosthetic foot capable of producing inversion and eversion moments is one possible approach to reducing incidence of falls and improving balance confidence in the lower-limb amputee population. The results presented here suggest that powered inversion and eversion may improve standing balance under limited vision conditions and walking balance may be recovered more quickly in response to lateral disturbances.

Immediate response of the ankle muscles in athletes following immersion cryotherapy: Electromyographic analysis of the inversion movement and one-leg jump

Immediate response of the ankle muscles in athletes following immersion cryotherapy: Electromyographic analysis of the inversion movement and one-leg jump

A comparison between hip and ankle eccentric torque in female athletes with functional ankle instability

Introduction: Functional ankle instability (FAI) following lateral ankle sprain is a common injury during jumping activities. It has been reported that one of the risk factors of the recurrent ankle sprain is the weakness of the ankle musculature and proximal joints. The aim of this study was to examine the eccentric peak torque of the hip and ankle muscles in athletes with FAI. Materials and Methods: 30 healthy female athletes with FAI, who were playing volleyball or basketball at league level in Tehran, participated in this study. After conducting and completing clinical examination and related questionnaires, the participants were divided into two groups: the controls and the subjects with functional ankle instability. Speed test for the ratio of eccentric peak torque to the body weight during ankle inversion, ankle aversion, hip abduction and hip adduction movements at 60 and 90 degree/second. Independent t test was administered for the statistical analysis of data using SPSS software, version 13.5 (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The results showed significant difference in the peak torque of eccentric hip abductors in relation to body weight between FAI and healthy groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the hip abductor weakness may cause FAI. Therefore, athletes with FAI should pay more attention to improve hip abductors in their rehabilitation programs. Keywords: Torque, Eccentric, Ankle muscles, Hip muscles, Functional ankle instability