Inventory Production Research Articles

Compiling life cycle inventories for wastewater-derived products

With the paradigm shift in wastewater management from pollutant removal to resource recovery, more wastewater-derived products are emerging from different recovery pathways. It is becoming increasingly important to understand the potential environmental impacts of these products through life cycle assessment (LCA). This study aims to compile life cycle inventories of wastewater-derived products from the perspective of the product end users (e.g., agricultural sector, packaging industry), and to explore the challenges of their compilation. Using inventories from wastewater resource recovery LCA literature, we compiled an attributional inventory (88 sets) and a consequential inventory (33 sets) of three categories of wastewater-derived products – phosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers. The two inventories differ by the choices of system boundary, how foreground systems are being modelled, and how co-products are being handled. We found that while there is a large body of literature related to wastewater resource recovery LCA, very few studies (29 out of 174 for the three categories of products) are suitable for end users to successfully compile inventories of derived products. The inventories were assessed by the technology readiness level assessment, the data quality assessment, and the cumulative energy demand indicator. The inventories can be used directly by end users or served as “screening” inventories for end users to prioritize data collection effort. The identified challenges of inventory compilation include diverse recovery settings, the absence of baseline scenarios, the multifunctional nature of wastewater treatment plants, the lack of inventory transparency and completeness, and low technology readiness level for some recovery pathways. While established or emerging approaches exist to address most of these challenges for end users, wastewater resource recovery LCA practitioners can enhance their assessments to be more end-user-oriented. This can be achieved by including baseline non-recovery scenarios, disclosing detailed life cycle inventory by system components, and assessing a wide variety of operating scenarios. Addressing some of these compilation challenges would enhance the comprehensiveness and quality of wastewater-derived product inventories.

Pre-Experimental Assessment of Uranyl Nitrate Solution Irradiation in Kartini Reactor Facilities

Medical radioisotope production using neutron irradiation via fission reaction requires a sufficient neutron source. The Kartini reactor has been proposed and studied to become a neutron source for radioisotope production under the Subcritical Assembly for 99Mo Production (SAMOP) project, which uses uranyl nitrate solution as the irradiation target. A full-scale experiment involving a liquid fission product is difficult to conduct and requires facility rearrangement to reduce the risk of contamination. Although a small-batch experiment is safer to perform, a pre-experimental assessment is necessary to address the practicality of production and the accompanying problems. The goals of this assessment are (1) to characterize the Kartini reactor irradiation facilities’ flux through experiment and Monte Carlo benchmark simulation, (2) to predict the irradiation product inventory in relation to the variation of uranium concentration and the measured flux, and (3) to predict the irradiated sample gamma spectrum reading using high-purity germanium detector simulation. The irradiation simulation uses natural uranium as a control parameter, which caused the irradiation inventory dominated by actinides from transmutation. The simulation also presents the possibility of instant small-batch 99Mo production using the measured Lazy Susan facilities’ flux from a neutronic perspective. The qualitative assessment of the predicted irradiation inventory and its spectrum reading from different sample concentrations are discussed along with the recommendation and possible action to improve the experiment or future production process.

Supply Control Of Oil Filter Spareparts Using EOQ And Min-Max Methods Based On Sales Forecast (Case Study: PT Astra International Tbk Soekarno Hatta)

Planning and controlling product inventory is very important for a company to ensure demand is met and maximize profits from sales effectively and efficiently. In addition, inventory planning and control are carried out to prevent excess or shortage of inventory. This study aims to predict sales and calculate inventory control to overcome excess stock and increased inventory costs on oil filter spare parts. The forecasting method used is Holt's Double Exponential Smoothing method to determine the number of sales of the four types of oil filter spare parts in the future and overcome the problem of oil filter spare parts inventory using the EOQ and Min-Max methods. Based on the research results, the resulting forecasting is accurate and the EOQ method results in a lower total inventory cost than the Min-Max method.

Improved Analysis of the Short-Term Station Blackout Accidents of the Peach Bottom Unit-2 Reactor with ASTEC Including Radiological Impact and Statistical Analysis with JRODOS

After the severe accident at Fukushima, the importance of BWR design and related structures and their contribution to the severe accident progression has increased. Fuel channel boxes, absorber crosses, water rods, and smaller primary containment design of the BWR have been considered in the ASTEC code to increase the knowledge of BWR design and associated models. The previously developed ASTEC model for Peach Bottom Unit-2 was updated to include modern GE14 10x10 fuel assemblies with realistic fission product inventories. The CASMO5 code predicted the fission product inventory and burnup for GE14 10x10 fuel assemblies based on real plant data obtained from the ENRESA samples. First, a Short-Term Station Blackout (ST-SBO) analysis was performed to compare the impact of the old and new fuel assembly designs on the accident progression and radiological consequences. Second, a short-term station blackout with a stuck open safety relief valve (ST-SBO SOSRV) was considered for modern fuel assemblies. The actuation of the safety valve resulted in a much lower corium ejection and a longer transient to basemat failure in the cavity. The scatter of corium ejection amounts between the considered scenarios showed the importance of the design of the bottom head and the penetration points in BWRs. In both cases, failure of the drywell head flange and release of radionuclides to the environment occurred. Higher burnup and radionuclide inventory in the 10x10 assemblies resulted in a larger release compared to the previous design. Radiological analysis using JRODOS was performed for both cases and the maximum total effective gamma dose rate was estimated to be 67.89 mSv/h and 119.46 mSv/h for ST-SBO and ST-SBO SOSRV, respectively. The statistical analysis and the number of records in the considered cities around the Peach Bottom Plant showed the distribution over the region and the risk factors of the populated cities. The collaborative use of three codes in this study allows users to identify the fission product inventory with CASMO5 and investigation of the severe accident scenario with ASTEC and identifying radiological impact of the released radioactive isotopes to the environment with JRODOS code.

TOPICAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION INVENTORY ACCOUNTING OF ENTERPRISES

The article studies some topical aspects of improving the organization of production inventory accounting, in particular, the issue of identification of this accounting category and the problems of accounting valuation of production inventories. The key components of the identification of the accounting category “production inventories” are determined. The author’s own definition is presented and substantiated, according to which production inventories are stocks (i. e., tangible current assets) held by an enterprise for the purpose of further one-time consumption (which will lead to a change in their natural and material form) in the process of production of products (works, services), maintenance of equipment, organization of management and marketing of products (goods). The article analyzes the issues of valuation of production inventories disposal. A comparison of the results of estimating the disposal of production inventories in the context of inflation using three main alternative methods of evaluation of disposal – the FIFO method, the weighted average cost method with price recalculation once a month and the weighted average cost method with price recalculation for each disposal. It is established that the use of the FIFO method in the context of inflation allows minimizing the accounting valuation of the disposal of production inventories, which in turn leads to maximizing the accounting valuation of the financial results of the reporting period and the value of inventory balances at the end of the period and, accordingly, improves the financial condition, increases the creditworthiness and investment attractiveness of the enterprise according to the financial statements. In terms of taxation, on the contrary, it is more attractive to use the weighted average cost method with prices recalculated once a month, since this method allows for a completely legal temporary optimization of the tax burden in terms of income tax in the conditions of inflation. The weighted average cost method with price recalculation for each disposal is recognized as a compromise option, the consensus of which is achieved by reducing the size of the effect. The issue of organizing the accounting and distribution of transportation and procurement costs by the methods of average percentage and direct distribution is studied. The disadvantages of the method of averaging transportation and procurement costs are identified and the expediency of direct distribution of transportation and procurement costs is substantiated, which allows improving the quality of accounting information on the movement of production inventories and the amount of costs generated as a result of their consumption.

Forecasting and Planning for Material Control in the Medical Device Industry

PT. XYZ is a company operating in the electromedical sector that has supported many domestic medical devices in recent years. The demand for electromedical equipment seen from sales data is very volatile and difficult to predict, apart from that 70% of the requests received come from government institutions. The problem is compounded by the absence of a forecasting policy so that production activity planning is not optimal. Product inventory that is not accompanied by careful calculations will result in overstock and stockout which can increase total costs and reduce service levels. In carrying out its business PT. XYZ implements an existing inventory management policy which is carried out by ordering product components in large quantities but there is no clear reorder point. So this research will observe the product components CMS-600 PLUS, ECG-1200G, TENSIONE, ECG-300G, SON-C, SON-B, SON-PRO, USG PROMAX, PROMIST-3, MED-01, ECG- 100G, and ULTRAMIST then proposed the Croston and Syntetos-Boylan Approximation (SBA) forecasting method to estimate possible demand in the future and then continuous review inventory management policies (s, S) and (s, Q) to determine the maximum reorder point value. stock and order quantity. After that, a Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to see and compare existing policies with improvement policies based on total cost and service level variables. Next, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the robustness of the simulation model to changes in uncertainty. The results obtained are recommendations for a continuous review (s, Q) policy with total cost savings of IDR 22,206,322,981 and an increase in service level of 1.36% to 99.98% compared to the existing policy.

Procedural life cycle inventory of chemical products at laboratory and pilot scale: a compendium

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is widely acknowledged by academia and industry as a key tool for promoting environmental sustainability within the field of green chemistry. However, certain barriers hinder its...

Reducing Supply Chain Management Risks in the Health Sector of Ghana: An Evaluation of the Central Level Supply Chain Management System of The Ghana Health Service

Supply Chain Management plays an indispensable role in any organization’s overall performance and success. The domain of Supply Chain Management has been of great research interest in recent years. In the ever-growing healthcare world, where most healthcare organizations are confronted with diverse SCM risks and growing customer demand trends, effective and efficient SCM has been identified as a tool to help them overcome this challenge. However, the main hurdle had been how to find innovative approaches to meet customer demands that will minimize operational costs. To address these concerns and deliver effective and efficient healthcare, the Government of Ghana represented by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and Ghana Health Service (GHS) in partnership with the Global Fund, GAVI, and the World Bank have deployed several interventions fundamentally founded on procurement and supply chain management to improve healthcare service delivery across the country. The interventions: Health commodity supply chain master plan (HCSCMP), the Last Mile Distribution (LMD), and the Ghana Integrated Logistics Management Information System (GhiLMIS), focus mainly on procurement, inventory, warehousing, and transportation of medical and non-medical products. The success and sustenance of these collaborative interventions in Supply Chain management within the health sector in Ghana hinges on key elements such as putting in place stringent procurement policies, ensuring availability of qualified personnel, transportation facilities to aid effective and efficient distribution, and paying attention to risk management practices. This study sought to examine the supply chain risk management practices at the central level of GHS and its regional and districts medical stores to identify the challenges of the existing SCM system and propose measures of addressing these challenges. The scope of the study was limited to the Ghana Health Service Supply Chain Practitioners (GHSSCP) at the central level and their collaborators at the regional levels (the Regional Health Directorates). Quantitative method was used in the study and the main research instrument used for the study was questionnaire administration. However, the study used convenience and purposive sampling techniques due to the sensitive nature of the subject matter. The target respondents were mainly Supply Chain Practitioners: supplies managers, procurement officers, general stores and pharmacy stores officers. The study relied on SPSS and used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze data. The study found that notwithstanding the introduction of key interventions such as health commodity supply chain master plan (HCSCMP), the Last Mile Distribution (LMD) of health commodities from the Central level to Regional medical stores and to health facilities (Hospitals and the District Health Directorates), and the introduction of the Ghana Integrated Logistics Management Information System (GhiLMIS) as a technology tool for health commodity management at all levels across the public health sector SCM system which collective objective is to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the system through the minimization of SCM risks, interruptions, and vulnerabilities, there still exist a yawning underperforming gap due to the systems overly centralization and lack of priority for SCM risk reduction measures making the system still not performing at its full potential. The study concluded that there are basic weaknesses in almost all the supply chain dimensions covered: risk identification, risk assessment and mitigation, Supply Chain Risk Management Governance, impact of supply chain risk management, and employee supply chain risk routine activities because the much-needed attention is not given to SCM activities. The study recommended reforms including the establishment of a Supply Chain Risk Management Unit (SCRMU) at all levels (national, regional, and districts) under the direct supervision of Health Administration and Support services (HASS), the introduction of SCM performance contracts, and the implementation of a stronger but user-friendly technology driven SCM system including e-procurement, warehouse management tracking, supported by a robust feedback system to ensure risk free SCM

Time Series Analysis of Product Demand Forecasting and Inventory Optimization on E-commerce Platforms

Time Series Analysis of Product Demand Forecasting and Inventory Optimization on E-commerce Platforms

Imperfect Production–Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items With Carbon Cap-and-Trade Policy and Advance-Cash- Credit Payment

Imperfect Production–Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items With Carbon Cap-and-Trade Policy and Advance-Cash- Credit Payment

Investigation of a Fuzzy Production Inventory Model with Carbon Emission using Sign Distance Method

Reducing costs associated with inventory is the primary goal of conventional inventory models like the models of economic order quantity and economic production quantity. However, these models fall short of addressing defective goods or revising them. Imperfections in the manufacturing process result in flawed products alongside the final goods. To convert these flawed components into finished goods, rework is necessary. In manufacturing and reworking process produces carbon emissions which are harmful for the earth. To determine the optimal quantity for a single product manufactured in a single-stage manufacturing system that yields partially defective products that are reworked in the same cycle, is determined in real-life situations, where the inventory characteristics and objectives are not exact. Such a type of uncertainty may be characterized by fuzzy numbers. A pentagonal fuzzy number has been used to define the cost parameters. Due to fuzzy parameters, the model becomes a fuzzy quantity, and it is defuzzied by the sign distance method. this article formulates a model of manufacturing inventories with planned backorders. Furthermore, a closed form for the inventory’s system total cost is determined, and a range of actual values for defective products for which an appropriate method exists is also provided. A proper mathematical model is created to accomplish the goal, and the manufacturing lot size that reduces the overall cost is determined. The ideal amount of a production batch to reduce total cost is established in to attain this goal using an appropriate mathematical model. While formulating and solving the relevant model, the necessary and sufficient conditions for a single globally optimal solution have been determined. Examples used as visualizations are given and confirmed by data.

Supply Chain Optimization in Industry 5.0: An Experimental Investigation Using Al

This experimental study examines the use of AI-driven supply chain management solutions in the framework of Industry 5.0. An analysis of fictitious data that represented product inventory, supplier details, customer orders, and transportation details showed significant cost savings in transportation logistics (10%), improvements in supplier cost efficiency (20%), and significant reductions in excess inventory (10%). In Industry 5.0, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a key technology that can promote effective, customer-focused, and sustainable supply chains.

Dehydroamino acid residues in bioactive natural products.

Covering: 2000 to up to 2023α,β-Dehydroamino acids (dhAAs) are unsaturated nonproteinogenic amino acids found in a wide array of naturally occurring peptidyl metabolites, predominantly those from bacteria. Other organisms, such as fungi, higher plants and marine invertebrates, have also been found to produce dhAA-containing peptides. The α,β-unsaturation in dhAAs has profound effects on the properties of these molecules. They display significant synthetic flexibility, readily undergoing reactions such as Michael additions, transition-metal-catalysed cross-couplings, and cycloadditions. These residues in peptides/proteins also exhibit great potential in bioorthogonal applications using click chemistry. Peptides containing contiguous dhAA residues have been extensively investigated in the field of foldamers, self-assembling supermolecules that mimic biomacromolecules such as proteins to fold into well-defined conformations. dhAA residues in these peptidyl materials tend to form a 2.05-helix. As a result, stretches of dhAA residues arrange in an extended conformation. In particular, peptidyl foldamers containing β-enamino acid units display interesting conformational, electronic, and supramolecular aggregation properties that can be modulated by light-dependent E-Z isomerization. Among approximately 40 dhAAs found in the natural product inventory, dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrine (Dhb) are the most abundant. Dha is the simplest dehydro-α-amino acid, or α-dhAA, without any geometrical isomers, while its re-arranged isomer, 3-aminoacrylic acid (Aaa or ΔβAla), is the simplest dehydro-β-amino acid, or β-enamino acid, and displays E/Z isomerism. Dhb is the simplest α-dhAA that exhibits E/Z isomerism. The Z-isomer of Dhb (Z-Dhb) is sterically favourable and is present in the majority of naturally occurring peptides containing Dhb residues. Dha and Z-Dhb motifs are commonly found in ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). In the last decade, the formation of Dha and Dhb motifs in RiPPs has been extensively investigated, which will be briefly discussed in this review. The formation of other dhAA residues in natural products (NPs) is, however, less understood. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the biosynthesis of peptidyl NPs containing unusual dhAA residues and cryptic dhAA residues. The proposed biosynthetic pathways of these natural products will also be discussed.

Simple Monotonic Readjustment Policies with Applications to Markdown Pricing and Pricing in the Presence of Strategic Customers

A Simple Monotonic Dynamic Pricing Policy We consider a canonical revenue management setting in which a monopolist seeks to maximize expected total revenues by selling a fixed inventory of product to customers who arrive sequentially over time. It is known in the literature that a simple dynamic pricing policy can perform reasonably well in such setting. However, the literature typically assumes that price can move freely over time (i.e., it can either go up or down). In practice, firms often impose certain restrictions on price movement. In this paper, we consider the setting in which price can only move monotonically over time (either only decreasing or only increasing). We devise a simple provably near-optimal dynamic pricing policy. Aside from markdown applications, our policy can also be applied to the setting with strategic customers.

Perancangan SOP Pengendalian Internal Pada PT.Gading Abadi Semesta

Internal company control is very necessary in every company so that its management can be better. This community service activity (PKM) carried out at PT Gading Abadi Semesta aims to realize better company management and management by implementing internal control SOPs. The methods used were observation, interviews, and documentation so that the results obtained were carried out by socializing the implementation of SOPs to employees. The conclusion regarding the output achieved in community service activities (PKM) is that standard operating procedures (SOP) for cash disbursements and cash receipts are created, so that every cash receipt and disbursement is recorded clearly and archived properly. And the existence of standard operating procedures (SOP) for product inventory makes stock recording much neater than before and with minimal shortages. The implementation process is carried out and followed by employees in accordance with the rules and regulations written in the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).

Analisis Perencanaan Pengelolaan Persediaan Urea dan Garam dengan Metode Forecasting pada PT. Energi Agro Nusantara

The efficiency of the production process is highly dependent on various factors, including the availability of raw materials. Therefore, every company is faced with the demand to enhance its managerial performance at all organizational levels, aiming to overcome various emerging challenges, especially those related to the production process. PT. Energi Agro Nusantara is confronted with the need to improve its raw material stock management to ensure compliance with market demands accurately and timely. The company is currently facing constraints, particularly in controlling product inventory, especially in terms of accurate calculations or predictions. This research is conducted to optimize the inventory of raw materials, specifically salt and urea, with the objective of meeting consumer needs. Forecasting methods are employed to determine the required daily production quantity. Furthermore, this research also aims to design a raw material control strategy to determine the necessary order quantities, ensuring that raw material inventory is maintained in accordance with production plans and forecasting results.

Komparasi Metode Always Better Control, Economic Order Quantity dan Reorder Point Untuk Analisis Pengendalian Persediaan

Family Farma Pharmacy is a pharmacy that provides pharmaceutical services in Bekasi Regency. There are 50 types of medicines provided in this pharmacy, but there is no medicine grouping yet. Medicine inventory control is still done manually or by monitoring medicine stocks one by one. So there is no precise and effective calculation to determine total reorders. Therefore, the aim of this research is to grouping medicines, control medicine supplies and reorder it. The methods used are Always Better Control (ABC), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Reorder Point (ROP). The findings obtained were by grouping 50 types of medicines to obtain 10 types of medicines belonging to group A, 10 types of medicines in Group B, and 30 types of medicines in Group C based on the results of the ABC method. Then the EOQ results showed that the optimal order for Cataflam 50 Mg was made for 158 strips. By reordering the Cataflam 50 Mg medicine when the medicine stock reaches 15 strips in each product inventory which still has 23 strips remaining based on the ROP results

Simulation- optimisation approach to support management of blood components inventory

ABSTRACT Blood supply chains (BSCs) face challenges in managing the production and inventory of blood components. We developed a simulation-optimisation approach to address inventory of blood products in blood supply chains. This approach can determine inventory size and replenishment points for blood products that balances supply and demand, while maintaining acceptable levels of wastage and shortage. A simulation methodology is used to represent the complexities in the inventory management of blood components. An optimisation module, coupled with the simulation, is used to address constraints related to waste, shortages, and inventory levels. The approach was verified and validated using a case study conducted in a blood bank in Brazil managing a supply of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). The approach proved to be suitable for the case analyzed and results suggest that 120 units is adequate to meet the demand for RBCs, while maintaining acceptable levels of shortages and wastages.

Rethinking E-Commerce Search

E-commerce search and recommendation usually operate on structured data such as product catalogs and taxonomies. However, creating better search and recommendation systems often requires a large variety of unstructured data including customer reviews and articles on the web. Traditionally, the solution has always been converting unstructured data into structured data through information extraction, and conducting search over the structured data. However, this is a costly approach that often has low quality. In this paper, we envision a solution that does entirely the opposite. Instead of converting unstructured data (web pages, customer reviews, etc) to structured data, we instead convert structured data (product inventory, catalogs, taxonomies, etc) into textual data, which can be easily integrated into the text corpus that trains LLMs. Then, search and recommendation can be performed through a Q/A mechanism through an LLM instead of using traditional information retrieval methods over structured data.

Complementarity analysis of a multi‐item inventory model with leading product pricing

Our research investigates a joint inventory replenishment and pricing problem, where a seller controls the price of a leading product while restocking for all the products. We demonstrate that the seller's expected value functions present an [Formula: see text] structure, recommending an optimal order‐up‐to inventory‐level and list‐price policy. Our findings reveal divergent economic relationships between products from the seller's and customer's perspectives, suggesting managers broaden their strategies beyond customer viewpoints. We extend the pricing and inventory analysis to scenarios involving three substitute products under both price and inventory control. In these situations, we further reveal that sellers and customers uniformly view product inventories as substitutes, and the corresponding value functions are submodular and mutually diagonally dominant.