Inventory Method Research Articles

Investigation of the NO removal process of ultra-low temperature adsorption-rapid regeneration

NO removal facility installed at the very tail-end of the flue gas could reduce the effects of dust and SO2 poisoning, the problem is to figure out how to remove NOx at ultra-low temperature. Relying on rotary reactors, a NOx adsorption-enclosed regeneration process (NAER) was proposed, by which NOx is adsorbed onto the adsorbent at ambient temperature and then to on-site degrade in a high-temperature and enclosed environment with the high-concentration CO. Metal-doped activated carbon emerged as the optimal catalyst for shortening the cooling temperature difference. The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity for NO is 38.67 mg/g at 50 ℃, and NO conversion reaches exceed 90 % at 250 ℃ when 1400 ppm CO and 700 ppm NO are introduced into the reactor. The novel enclosed high-concentration of CO reduction regeneration encourages more NO to participate in the reaction, promoting the deep decomposition of nitrate and avoiding the overflow of NOx at the outlet. The difference between the breakthrough time and regeneration time spans 12–21 min. The carbon consumption is 0.0087 %/min, ensuring the long-term and continuous operation of the material. The current study explains the reaction mechanism of NO adsorption via in-situ FTIR. Life cycle assessment method is applied to analyze NAER’s emission standards, while life cycle inventory method calculates the economic cost, which stands at 287.06 RMB. The reduced cost is primarily reflected in the energy and raw materials inputs. The proposed process holds significant potential for optimizing the ultra-low emission of flue gas.

Reducing carbon footprint and promoting resource sustainability in the retail industry through the prevention of dead stocks

In the retail industry, majority of the traditional inventory management methods commonly focus on minimizing business costs but fail to consider implications on environmental sustainability. Existing inventory classification methods have failed to consider the interaction among the different performance indicators for a timely recognition of the potential dead stocks and dead stocks in the inventory. This study aims to identify and effectively classify potential dead stocks and dead stocks through an enhanced inventory classification method that integrates the remaining product shelf life as an indicator for timely recognition of dead stocks. The study also aims to provide guidelines in setting up decision rules needed in objectively classifying inventory based on each performance indicator through an automated algorithm with decision rules. Using data sets taken from open databases that provide real-world data, results show that the automated algorithm can effectively detect the presence of dead stocks and distinguish such inventory from potential dead stocks in the system which existing inventory classification methods are unable to do. One-Way ANOVA Tests performed showed that the proposed classification method can consistently classify inventory across different retail data sets while Monte Carlo simulation was used to simulate the amount of inventory that becomes dead stocks in a multi-period inventory management system. Results show that 17% of these potential dead stocks, if undetected, become dead stocks in the following period. Over a ton of carbon emissions is prevented with lesser dead stock waste disposal. The value of this study lies in the fact that classifying inventory to detect the presence of potential dead stocks is an essential first step in solving the dead stock problem not just for business profitability but also for sustainable resource consumption and a sustainable environment.

Leech‐derived iDNA complements traditional surveying methods, enhancing species detections for rapid biodiversity sampling in the tropics

AbstractDeforestation, exploitation, and other drivers of biodiversity loss in Madagascar leave its highly endangered and predominantly endemic wildlife at risk of extinction. Decreasing biodiversity threatens to compromise ecosystem functions and vital services provided to people. New, economical, and diverse methods of biodiversity monitoring can help to establish reliable baseline and long‐term records of species richness. Metabarcoding with invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) has emerged as a promising new biosurveillance tool. An unexpected wet forest fragment tucked in the dry cliffs of Madagascar's southcentral plateau, the Ivohibory Protected Area (IPA), hosts a unique mosaic of species diversity, featuring both dry and wet forest species. Recently elevated to protected status, the IPA has been surveyed for flora and fauna with a range of inventory methods over the course of three years and six expeditions (2016, 2017, & 2019). We collected 1451 leeches over 12 days from the IPA to supplement known species richness and to compare results against current records. With iDNA, we pooled tissues, isolated, and amplified bloodmeal DNA with five sets of primers. We detected 20 species of which four are species of frogs previously undetected and three of which are previously unknown to exist in this region. iDNA surveys have the capacity to provide complementary data to traditional surveying methods like camera traps, line transects, and bioacoustic methods.

Carbon emission calculation of prefabricated concrete composite slabs during the production and construction stages

Prefabricated buildings provide favorable technical support to achieve the "carbon peak and carbon neutral" target in the building field. The accurate and reliable quantification of building carbon emissions is an important basis to achieve the dual carbon target. However, research on the carbon emissions of prefabricated buildings is limited, and few studies have been conducted on the calculation of carbon emissions from prefabricated components. Based on the process inventory analysis method, the carbon emission calculation model for prefabricated components in the production and construction stages was established. The prefabricated concrete composite slabs and cast-in-place floor slabs of two typical residential buildings were selected for the case study, and a comparative study was conducted on their carbon emissions during the production and construction stages. The results indicated that the carbon emissions per unit area (net floor area) of prefabricated concrete composite slabs (43.31 kgCO2e/m2 and 43.01 kgCO2e/m2, respectively) were lower than those of cast-in-place floor slabs (46.32 kgCO2e/m2 and 46.09 kgCO2e/m2, respectively) in the production and construction stages. The carbon emissions in the production and construction stages of prefabricated concrete composite slabs accounted for about 97.45 % and 2.55 %, while those of cast-in-place slabs accounted for about 91.21 % and 8.79 %, respectively. The carbon emissions at the building material production stage mainly originated from rebar and cement. When the change rate of building materials consumption and materials carbon emission factors was the same, the change rate of carbon emissions per unit area was ranked as rebar > cement. Furthermore, the cases showed that the prefabrication rate of case B was higher than that of case A, but the carbon emissions per unit area of case B were lower than those of case A. This study provides a scientific calculation method for the carbon emissions of prefabricated components, as well as enriches the data for studying building carbon emissions.

Upaya Pengoptimalan Laba dengan Metode Pencatatan dan Metode Penilaian Persediaan

The purpose of this research is to choose a method of recording and valuing inventory of finished goods that can increase profits at CV Istana Boneka Malang. The research approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The analysis technique used is to use a comparison between perpetual and periodic inventory recording methods to determine the cost of goods sold and gross profit earned by the company. The results showed that the selection of the method of recording and valuation at CV Istana Boneka Malang that should be used is the inventory recording method using the LIFO inventory valuation method, where this method provides a higher gross profit than other valuation methods. However, as stated in Article 10 paragraph (6) of Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax which states that the method that is fiscally permissible is the Average or FIFO inventory valuation method, CV Istana Boneka Malang can use the inventory recording method with the inventory valuation method. Average as a consideration of the method produces the highest gross profit after the LIFO inventory valuation method.

Vernal Pool Amphibian Inventories in the Temperate Forests of Eastern North America: Can Environmental DNA Replace the Traditional Methods?

Amphibian populations have been globally declining since at least 1990. In the temperate forests of eastern North America, vernal pools offer important breeding habitats to many amphibians but are usually not considered for forest management because of their small size and temporary status. The effective monitoring and management of amphibians rely on accurate knowledge of their spatiotemporal distributions, which is often expensive to collect due to the amount of fieldwork required. In this study, we tested whether eDNA metabarcoding could identify the same amphibian communities as the traditional inventory protocols. We collected eDNA samples in twelve vernal pools in the spring of 2019 and identified their communities via metabarcoding. At each pool, three traditional amphibian inventory methods were used: call surveys, trapping, and active search surveys. In total, 13 amphibian species were detected, with most of them being detected using both eDNA and the traditional methods. When comparing the results of eDNA with the traditional methods, we found that species ecology and behavior are key factors of its detectability via a specific method. With its higher taxonomical precision and repeatability, eDNA metabarcoding allows for the inventorying of amphibian species living and reproducing in vernal pools and their vicinity with accuracy. As eDNA metabarcoding is inexpensive compared to the traditional methods, we conclude that eDNA sampling should be considered for integration as a standard monitoring tool, after an initial assessment of amphibian diversity.

Application of accounting for the assessment of war losses for agribusiness enterprises of Ukraine

Purpose. The military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine led to the disruption of logistics processes and the destruction of the production capacity of the agribusiness. This study aims to describe an accounting toolkit to determine and evaluate the direct losses of agricultural enterprises due to the war.
 Methodology / approach. This study is based on the use of Ukrainian regulatory documents. The authors of this study applied synthesis methods when summarizing information on estimates of war damage. They used analytical methods in monitoring the world and national experience of such assessment. The cost method was used during the approbation. It provided for the use of the estimate program “Building technologies: Estimate 8”. Determining the volumes of repair and construction works was carried out in accordance with the State Construction Standards and Resource Elemental Estimate Standards of Ukraine. In addition, modelling, analogy and comparison methods were also used.
 Results. In this study, the authors proposed a simple algorithm of actions, which allows for detecting direct damage by enterprises in a short time. The algorithm is based on the use of five accounting methods: (1) Inventory method, (2) Documentation method, (3) Evaluation method, (4) Accounts and balance method, (5) Reporting method. The specifics of the application of each method are described in detail, taking into account the requirements of accounting legislation for the recognition and assessment, and inventory of assets of agribusiness enterprises. Experimental calculations (using the example of damage to real estate as a result of hostilities) allowed us to conclude that the damage calculated by the individual (object-by-object) approach (USD 63.88 billion) is 30 % higher than the quick estimate of the World Bank (USD 50.4 billion) and 20 % higher than expert estimates made in Ukraine (USD 50.4 billion).
 Originality / scientific novelty. According to the research results, a methodical algorithm to estimate direct war losses for Ukrainian agribusiness enterprises based on accounting methods has been proposed. Using accounting tools to evaluate the direct losses is essential for the following reason. Let’s suppose that the accounting system does not confirm the data on direct losses. In this case, misunderstandings may arise between the participants of socio-economic relations, who operate with general (forecasted) figures. At the same time, verified accounting data on direct losses can be evidence in court and are the basis for receiving compensation or financial assistance.
 Practical value / implications. The practical significance of the proposed methodical algorithm lies in the ability to systematically recognize and assess direct losses of agribusiness enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their assets, based on the accountant's professional judgment, without the involvement of outside experts.

Informing Methane Emissions Inventories Using Facility Aerial Measurements at Midstream Natural Gas Facilities.

Increased interest in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including recent legislative action and voluntary programs, has increased attention on quantifying and ultimately reducing methane emissions from the natural gas supply chain. While inventories used for public or corporate GHG policies have traditionally utilized bottom-up (BU) methods to estimate emissions, the validity of such inventories has been questioned. Therefore, there is attention on utilizing full-facility measurements using airborne, satellite, or drone (top-down (TD)) techniques to inform, improve, or validate inventories. This study utilized full-facility estimates from two independent TD methods at 15 midstream natural gas facilities in the U.S.A., which were compared with a contemporaneous daily inventory assembled by the facility operator, employing comprehensive inventory methods. Estimates from the two TD methods statistically agreed in 2 of 28 paired measurements. Operator inventories, which included extensions to capture sources beyond regular inventory requirements and integration of local measurements, estimated significantly lower emissions than the TD estimates for 40 of 43 paired comparisons. Significant disagreement was observed at most facilities, both between the two TD methods and between the TD estimates and operator inventory. These findings have two implications. First, improving inventory estimates will require additional on-site or ground-based diagnostic screening and measurement of all sources. Second, the TD full-facility measurement methods need to undergo further testing, characterization, and potential improvement specifically tailored for complex midstream facilities.

Environmental life cycle assessment of production of the non-nutritive sweeteners aspartame (E951) and neotame (E961) from chemical processes: The SWEET project

Consumption of added sugar is a cause of concern due to links with non-communicable diseases. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are increasingly seen as a viable alternative. Health and safety of NNSs are well studied, but not their environmental impact. In this study the environmental impact of NNSs aspartame and neotame are presented. This is the first such study attempting to quantify environmental impact of neotame. Life cycle data are derived from literature, alongside stoichiometric reaction equations and resulting heat changes. Global warming potential (GWP) of 1 kg aspartame is found to be 29.25 kgCO2-eq/kg, and 1 kg neotame to be 43.42 kgCO2-eq/kg. It is found that both NNSs have great potential to replace the sweetness of added sugar with reduced environmental impact, e.g., GWP of neotame is found to be 0.4–0.7%, and aspartame 10.5–18.4%, of an equivalent sweetness for sucrose. This study demonstrates that environmental impact of the additional resources required to make neotame from aspartame are more than offset by the increase in perceived sweetness, from 200 to 8000-times. It is shown that there are significant uncertainties related to life cycle inventory data and data derivation method. Therefore, this work further highlights the difficulties of conducting a life cycle assessment of highly refined industrial food additives and the need for good industrial collaboration in obtaining data.

Peningkatan Pengelolaan UKM di Era Digitalisasi pada Nisa Bakery di Kelurahan Surodinawan Kecamatan Prajurit Kulon Kota Mojokerto

In the Era of Digitalization, SMEs must keep up with developments. The problems faced by SMEs Nisa Bakery include the production process not being optimal because there is no mixer with the required capacity, a lack of understanding regarding the production space, where the production space is still one with a storage area for both raw materials and auxiliary materials, which is also integrated with packaging of finished goods (bread), financial recording is still simple, there is no separation between recording household and business finances, while marketing still depends on orders. The aim of this community service is to help solve the problems that occur at Nisa Bakery. The method used to solve the problem is providing equipment grants in the form of a mixer with a capacity of 10 liters, training on the use and maintenance of the mixer, expanding marketing using online media, business management assistance which includes training and mentoring on business management, finance/accounting. The results of this community service were the provision of a standing mixer machine with a capacity of 10 liters, understanding of inventory control methods, technical training in simple bookkeeping and marketing digitalization training.

Anthropogenic Chloroform Emissions from China Drive Changes in Global Emissions.

Emissions of chloroform (CHCl3), a short-lived halogenated substance not currently controlled under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, are offsetting some of the achievements of the Montreal Protocol. In this study, emissions of CHCl3 from China were derived by atmospheric measurement-based "top-down" inverse modeling and a sector-based "bottom-up" inventory method. Top-down CHCl3 emissions grew from 78 (72-83) Gg yr-1 in 2011 to a maximum of 193 (178-204) Gg yr-1 in 2017, followed by a decrease to 147 (138-154) Gg yr-1 in 2018, after which emissions remained relatively constant through 2020. The changes in emissions from China could explain all of the global changes during the study period. The CHCl3 emissions in China were dominated by anthropogenic sources, such as byproduct emissions during disinfection and leakage from chloromethane industries. Had emissions continued to grow at the rate observed up to 2017, a delay of several years in Antarctic ozone layer recovery could have occurred. However, this delay will be largely avoided if global CHCl3 emissions remain relatively constant in the future, as they have between 2018 and 2020.

The association between childhood adiposity in northeast China and anthropogenic heat flux: A new insight into the comprehensive impact of human activities.

Anthropogenic heat has been reported to have significant health impacts, but research on its association with childhood adiposity is still lacking. In this study, we matched the 2008-2012 average anthropogenic heat flux, as simulated by a grid estimation model using inventory methods, with questionnaire and measurement data of 49,938 children randomly recruited from seven cities in Northeast China in 2012. After adjusting for social demographic and behavioral factors, we used generalized linear mixed-effect models to assess the association between anthropogenic heat flux and adiposity among children. We also examined the effect modification of various social demographic and behavioral confounders. We found that each 10W/m2 increase in total anthropogenic heat flux and that from the industry source was associated with an increase of 5.82% (95% CI=0.84%-11.05%) and 6.62% (95% CI=0.87%-12.70%) in the odds of childhood adiposity. Similarly, the excess rate of adiposity among children were 5.26% (95% CI=-1.33%-12.29%) and 8.51% (95% CI=2.24%-15.17%) per 1W/m2 increase in the anthropogenic heat flux from transportation and buildings, and was 7.94% (95% CI=2.28%-13.91%) per 0.001W/m2 increase in the anthropogenic heat flux from human metabolism. We also found generally greater effect estimates among female children and children who were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy, born by caesarean section, non-breastfed/mixed-fed, or lived within 20m adjacent to the main road. The potential deleterious effect of anthropogenic heat exposure on adiposity among children may make it a new but major threat to be targeted by future mitigation strategies.

Spatially Explicit Modeling of Anthropogenic Heat Intensity in Beijing Center Area: An Investigation of Driving Factors with Urban Spatial Forms.

The escalation of anthropogenic heat emissions poses a significant threat to the urban thermal environment as cities continue to develop. However, the impact of urban spatial form on anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) in different urban functional zones (UFZ) has received limited attention. In this study, we employed the energy inventory method and remotely sensed technology to estimate AHF in Beijing's central area and utilized the random forest algorithm for UFZ classification. Subsequently, linear fitting models were developed to analyze the relationship between AHF and urban spatial form indicators across diverse UFZ. The results show that the overall accuracy of the classification was determined to be 87.2%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.8377, indicating a high level of agreement with the actual situation. The business/commercial zone exhibited the highest average AHF value of 33.13 W m-2 and the maximum AHF value of 338.07 W m-2 among the six land functional zones, indicating that business and commercial areas are the primary sources of anthropogenic heat emissions. The findings reveal substantial variations in the influence of urban spatial form on AHF across different UFZ. Consequently, distinct spatial form control requirements and tailored design strategies are essential for each UFZ. This research highlights the significance of considering urban spatial form in mitigating anthropogenic heat emissions and emphasizes the need for customized planning and renewal approaches in diverse UFZ.

"Efficiency at Every Slice: Domino\'s Inventory Management System”

Abstract: For firms functioning in the competitive and quickly-paced food market, effective inventory management is essential. This abstract outline the salient features of Domino's inventory management system, demonstrating its strategy for increasing operational effectiveness, lowering waste, and optimizing inventory levels. Domino's inventory management method is based on precise forecasting, ongoing observation, and efficient logistics. Domino's makes sure that its franchisees maintain ideal supply levels while minimizing excess inventory and stockouts by utilizing cuttingedge technologies and data-driven decision-making. The key elements of Domino's inventory management system are examined in the abstract, including methods for demand forecasting, inventory control, and supplier cooperation. It explains the company's focus on utilizing technology, such as integrated ordering systems and inventory management software, to increase visibility, automate procedures, and improve inventory accuracy. The summary also highlights Domino's initiatives to cut waste through efficient supply chain procedures, optimized routing and delivery, and smart perishable inventory management. It highlights the business' dedication to environmental protection and sustainability.

Role of Inventory Visibility on Performance of Manufacturing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Study in Kenya

Inventory visibility is the ability of an organization to streamline its inventory tracking methods so as to ensure the right amount inventory is stocked based on the customers’ needs and the supply rates of the suppliers. Having a high degree of inventory visibility is increasingly seen as a competitive advantage in modern supply chain management, as it allows for greater agility and responsiveness to market changes. One of the compelling issues that have been facing the manufacturing industry in Kenya is the inability to meet customer demands and high waiting times. Previous literature has shown that with a visible inventory, manufacturing firms could enhance their delivery effectiveness and significantly reduce waiting time. This however lacks empirical backing from a Kenyan perspective, hence the subject of the study. The study was anchored on the transaction cost theory. Descriptive research design was adopted, and the large manufacturing firms in Kenya were targeted. A sample of 160 firms was selected. Through a structured questionnaire, primary data was collected from the heads of supply chain in the 160 companies. The findings revealed that inventory visibility is an instrumental determinant of the performance of the manufacturing industry in Kenya. It was established that inventory visibility enabled manufacturing companies to have real-time or near-real-time information about the quantity, location, and status of its products or goods throughout the supply chain. This allowed for accurate tracking and management of inventory levels, which is crucial for efficient operations and customer satisfaction.

Landscape Planning of Pondok Tahfidz with Islamic Garden Concept in Durin Simbelang A Village, Pancur Batu

Pancur Batu is one of the districts in Deli Serdang, with the majority of the population being Muslim. But from a large number of the Muslim population, the facilities to channel the spiritual needs of Muslims are relatively few. There are fewer mosques than churches, and schools that teach Islamic knowledge, such as Madrasahs and tahfidz houses, are also relatively few. This research aims to design the landscape of the tahfidz hut area as a place to channel the spiritual needs of Muslims which contain open space, a tahfidz Qur'an building, a place of Muslim worship (Mosque), a coaching area for tahfidz Qur'an students and Muslim visitors. Islamic garden is a concept adopted from the depiction of the beauty of heaven in the Qur'an towards a landscape character. The research method used in this research is the site inventory method, then comparative studies of similar projects, literature studies, and data analysis techniques. The results of this research are in the form of working drawings that include basic concepts, design concepts, and development concepts. The output of landscape planning of Tahfidz boarding school consists of a site plan and illustration drawing. The result of Islamic garden-based landscape planning is to plan a landscape that can be enjoyed optimally and can have a good influence on humans and has sharia rules or restrictions on elements, characters, and activities in Islamic gardens that aim not to associate with Allah SWT.

Implementation path of dual-carbon in Xiguan historical and cultural district of Guangzhou：A case study on changhua street

In the context of ecological civilization construction, cities are the main source of greenhouse gas emissions and thus they are key areas for dual-carbon construction. The dual-carbon community is the basic unit of the dual-carbon city and is essential for the promotion and construction of beautiful China. Guangzhou, as a historical and cultural city, is actively exploring the micro-renewal path of historical and cultural neighborhoods. In this paper we explore the micro-renewal process of the dual-carbon community and the Guangzhou Xiguan historical and cultural district, as well as their mutual relationship. In particular, we take the historical and cultural district of Guangzhou Xiguan Changhua Street as an example and explore its carbon emission characteristics based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) inventory compilation method. The carbon emission of this community in 2022 was determined as 3774670 kg, indicating the characteristics of low carbon emissions per capita but high energy consumption. Changhua Street provides a dual-carbon micro-renewal strategy and suggests a dual-carbon implementation path for the Guangzhou Xiguan historical and cultural district in the micro-renewal process.

Penerapan Metode Penilaian Persediaan Barang Dagang Pada PT. Chemical Di Surabaya

This study aims to determine the application of the method of valuation of merchandise inventory at PT. Chemical that conform to generally accepted standards. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The types of data used in this study are quantitative data and qualitative data with collection techniques in the form of initial preliminary surveys, literature studies, observations, documentation, and interviews. The subject of this study was PT. Chemical, with the object under study is a method of valuing merchandise inventory at PT. Chemical. Researchers used inventory auxiliary book data for one of the trade goods from 2019 to 2021. The results showed that PT. Chemical does not apply the method of valuation of merchandise inventory, so the company cannot know the final value of merchandise inventory, gross profit, and cost of goods sold (COGS) of the company's merchandise. The inventory valuation method applied should be in accordance with the actual condition of the inventory of these trade goods in the company, considering that the goods sold are food chemicals with an expiration period of 2 to 3 years. PT. Chemical is advised to use the FIFO assessment method, because with this method in 2019-2021 the highest gross profit of other assessment methods was obtained, namely in 2019 of IDR 12,449,091, in 2020 of IDR 40,765,000, and in 2021 of IDR 19,880,000. The final inventory value with the FIFO assessment method also obtained the highest value, namely in 2019 of IDR 88,800,000, in 2020 of IDR 51,300,000, and in 2021 of IDR 23,730,000. The lowest value of goods sold was IDR 86,990,909 in 2019, IDR 329,240,000 in 2020, and IDR 228,090,000 in 2021.

Single-family housing inventory projection method for natural hazard risk modeling applications

Single-family housing inventory projection method for natural hazard risk modeling applications

IMPACT OF DEPRECIATION EXPENSES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES

A company’s or enterprise’s financial performance can be analysed by the obtained net results of current year. It is not significant because it always takes the profit taxes and the financial elements. The enterpice’s actual effort is difficult to ascertain in few cases. The results of an enterprise’s financial and business performance is always dependent on the companies fiscal and financial policy, but it also takes in account depreciation, amortization and provisioning policy and also the important one the inventory valuation methods. The main question for the enterpreneurs and owners is that ‘’ which depreciation method is effective and efficient? Will this effect their profitability?. From the view point of my research paper I would propose the ‘methods of depreciation’ the fixed assets & comparing it with the financial performances of the companies, specially on the results. In this research paper, I have primarily used the empirical data collected from various sources for my research value, from studies, stastical yearbooks, literacture, annual financial statements of companies.