Patents For Inventions Research Articles

High quality imports and green innovation

To examine the effect of high quality imports on green innovation, this research employs a time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) technique. Our analysis suggests that high quality imports promote green innovation in China. Heterogeneity analysis results show a different impact of high quality imports on green invention patents and green utility model patents. In a further study of the moderating effect, we find that environmental governance strengthens the impact of high quality imports on green innovation. Finally, we conduct a mechanism test and note that the promotion of innovation by high quality imports is achieved through R&D investment.

Cracking down on the infringement and counterfeiting: Intellectual property rights and corporate innovation in China

This study examines the impact of infringement and counterfeiting on the performance of corporate innovation. We use a quasi-natural experiment to examine the effects of the Chinese government's crackdown on intellectual property rights infringement and counterfeiting. We find that after the implementation, patent counts and citations significantly increased for companies in industries with a high risk of intellectual property violations or imitation by competitors, especially for financially strong and risk-taking firms. The event leads to more R&D investment and firms also prioritize invention patents over utility patents.

For Future Investment, Empirical Study on Enterprise Participation in Basic Research in the Process of Digital Transformation

Basic research is the driver of advanced productivity and is an important guarantee for the market competitiveness of enterprise. In order to understand the influence of basic research on the development of China’s digital economy industry, this paper, based on structural equation model by collecting data from 209 enterprises in digital economy industry, explores the relationship between enterprise participation in basic research and four factors: enterprise efficiency, perceived risk, priority, and technological innovation, together with function mechanism. The results show that, first enterprises can improve efficiency, reduce potential risk concerns, and enhance technology level by expanding business revenue, enlarging scale, and upgrading R&D institutions, thus promoting participation in basic research. At the same time, the government can provide more subsidies for enterprise R&D funds to reduce enterprise concern about the risk of basic research, and guide them to expand their investment in R&D and focus on basic research so as to expand their participation in this field. Secondly, the optimization of enterprise participation in basic research, the upgrading of R&D institutions and the number of invention patents have mutually-reinforced effect, while the expansion of enterprise scale help to reduce the constraint of return risk to a certain extent. Finally, this paper proposes some policies and suggestions to enhance enterprise participation in basic research from the perspective of promoting industrial development and social equity.

The spatial difference-in-difference measurement of policy effect of environmental protection interview on green innovation

This study applies the classical difference-in-difference (DID) and spatial difference-in-difference (SDID) approach to measure the policy effect of the mandatory environmental protection interview (EPI) on green innovation with focus on 11,567 industrial manufacturing enterprises in Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. Overall, the mandatory EPI has significantly promoted green innovation in industrial manufacturing enterprises in YRD by 0.399 units, which is greater than its promotion in green innovation for national industrial enterprises. Industrial manufacturing enterprises tend to increase utility patents more than invention patents under the impact on EPI. A heterogeneity analysis shows that EPI plays a larger role in promoting green innovation for highly polluting enterprises and privately owned enterprises than low polluting enterprises and state-owned enterprises. The innovative application of SDID approach precisely identifies that mandatory EPI has negative and positive effect on green innovation for the interviewed and non-interviewed neighbouring YRD cities. The EPI has a deterrent effect on the non-interviewed cities and stimulates their self-reliance innovation behaviours to realizing green innovation promotion. Except for the highly polluting enterprises with lower government environmental subsidy (GES) tending to purse more GI under EPI, the overall adjustment effect of GES on EPI to have a policy effect is insignificant.

Research on Self-Developed Children’s Epidemic Prevention Picture Nooks, Related Teaching Aids and Anti-Epidemic Objects

Situational picture books and teaching aids were created with epidemic prevention as the main focus of this research. Through the invention patent and design patent, this product was exhibited in the Green Idea International Invention Competition and won the bronze medal. The design concept included “mask knowledge and etiquette”, “healthy eating knowledge”, “correct steps to wash hands”, and “epidemic precautions” to make small anti-epidemic items, namely “mask creative shape stickers”, “mask pocket bags”, and “mask creative shape stickers”. There were small stickers with eyes, mouths, and ears in the shape of small animals designed to be attached to the mask to increase children’s interest and willingness to wear them. The “Mask Carrying Bag” allowed children to store masks and avoid losing them after use. After the production of teaching aids, the quantitative research was completed, and the data from 100 research subjects confirmed reliability and validity through a questionnaire survey. Then, 34 education and security personnel were invited as research subjects to conduct pre-and post-tests. Through the dependent sample t-test, the effectiveness of research and development products was validated. The results showed that situational picture books, related teaching aids, and anti-epidemic objects were significantly better than traditional epidemic prevention teaching aids in improving children’s hand-eye coordination, promoting children’s interpersonal interaction, completing storage, promoting parent-child interaction, and practicality.

Low-carbon electricity technology transformation in Chinese universities

Purpose With the growing climate problem, it has become a consensus to develop low-carbon technologies to reduce emissions. Electric industry is a major carbon-emitting industry, accounting for 35% of global carbon emissions. Universities, as an important patent application sector in China, promote their patent application and transformation to enhance Chinese technological innovation capability. This study aims to analyze low-carbon electricity technology transformation in Chinese universities. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses IncoPat to collect patent data. The trend of low-carbon electricity technology patent applications in Chinese universities, the status, patent technology distribution, patent transformation status and patent transformation path of valid patent is analyzed. Findings Low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities has been promoted, and the number of patents has shown rapid growth. Invention patents proportion is increasing, and the transformation has become increasingly active. Low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities is mainly concentrated in individual cooperative patent classification (CPC) classification numbers, and innovative technologies will be an important development for electric reduction. Originality/value This paper innovatively uses valid patents to study the development of low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities, and defines low-carbon technology patents by CPC patent classification system. A new attempt focuses on the development status and direction in low-carbon electricity technology in Chinese universities, and highlights the contribution of valid patents to patent value.

Venture Capital, Compensation Incentive, and Corporate Sustainable Development

Innovation is one of the primary approaches by which companies address the progressively severe social, environmental, and market pressures that they face, and it is a crucial route for companies to maintain sustainable development. Venture capital (VC) plays a significant role in promoting enterprise innovation, especially breakthrough innovation. Venture capital can increase executive compensation and corporate innovation. Previous studies have also indicated that compensation incentives can be beneficial to corporate innovation. Although the relationships between two of these three variables have been validated, the relationship between VC, executive compensation, and corporate innovation has not yet received ample consideration. Our research focuses on the connections among these three variables, and we chose corporate for our sample, which listed corporations on the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges in the period from 2009 to 2017. We found that VC has a mediating effect on innovation through executive compensation incentives, although not necessarily a full mediation effect—merely a partial one. Moreover, we found that VC primarily plays the role of a compensation incentive by amplifying the internal salary gap of corporate. By employing invention patents to replace explanatory variables, using a Heckman two-stage method, and utilizing propensity score matching (PSM) for robustness testing, the validity of the conclusion was confirmed. In addition, we discovered that experienced VC or companies with lower governance quality are more likely to use compensation incentives to promote corporate innovation. This study provides valuable insight for VC in cultivating corporate innovation, as well as for corporates looking to boost their innovation.

The impact of environmental information disclosure on green innovation in extractive enterprises: Promote or crowd out?

Environmental information disclosure (EID) is an essential manifestation of a firm's Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) strategy. However, there is no consensus on whether EID can improve extractive enterprise green innovation. Drawing on data from Chinese-listed extractive industries companies for the period 2002–2017, this paper disentangles the complex impact of EID on green innovation by using the difference-in-difference method. The results show that the EID policy improves the overall green innovation performance of the extractive firms, but this improvement is mainly driven by the utility model patents rather than green invention patents with higher innovation levels. The dynamic effects show that the green innovation effect of EID has an upward trend after a three-year lag. Moreover, the green innovation effect in regions with high information disclosure intensity and state-owned enterprises is more prominent. Moreover, the mechanism tests reveal that although the resource crowding-out effect will hinder green innovation activities, EID can stimulate firms to conduct green innovation activities by alleviating financing constraints, increasing internal incentives, and imposing external pressure. Our findings provide the necessary empirical support for the government to promote the voluntary instruments.

Wellbeing in Africa: The role of technology transfer

The study assesses the effect of technology transfers on subjective well-being in 29 African countries. We adopt the GMM and the IV Tobit models and employ the Lifeladder indicator of happiness as a measure of subjective well-being. The findings reveal a positive significant effect of technology transfers on subjective well-being in Africa after accounting for the problems of autocorrelation, endogeneity, and heteroskedasticity. After controlling for the limited range of the subjective well-being indicator, the findings still indicate a positive significant effect of both residents' and abroad patent applications on the Lifeladder index. Employing scientific and technical article publication as an alternative indicator of technology transfers, the findings still indicate that subjective well-being in Africa is significantly improved by technology transfers and investments in academic research. The study suggests African economies should invest more in both human capital and technology infrastructure while developing patentable inventions that allow technology transfers to boost the continent's development and well-being.

Research on the R&D Strategies of Iron and Steel Enterprises Based on Semantic Topic Analysis of Patents

R&D strategies play a decisive role in the promotion of enterprise innovation output and innovation ability. In order to thoroughly investigate the R&D strategies of iron and steel enterprises, an R&D strategy analysis framework based on R&D semantic topic analysis and outlier behavior detection was proposed. Additionally, empirical research on R&D layout and direction, R&D quality, and the achievement maintenance strategy of enterprises, from both macro and micro perspectives, was conducted. The feasibility of the R&D strategy analysis framework was verified. Additionally, the results show that, in terms of R&D topic layout strategy, most enterprises adopted a stable maintenance strategy after quickly completing the layout; regarding the R&D focus strategy, most enterprises focused on R&D fields and carried out strategic management; for R&D quality control strategy, some enterprises adopted a strategy of prolonging the duration of invention patents, and high-quality outputs with a long lifetime were developed rapidly. These research results have reference value for Chinese enterprises, to adjust their R&D strategies, and for the government, to formulate supporting policies.

The Effects of Central Environmental Supervision and Inspection on the Green Innovation of Industrial Firms in China

Environmental problems such as poor air quality has recently drawn great attention in China. Chinas government has proposed plenty of regulations to alleviate these problems. Central environmental supervision and inspection (CESI), a kind of campaign-style command-and-control regulation, started in 2016 and is still underway. By dispatching central inspectors in groups to provinces in batches, CESI is much stronger and more direct than other command-and-control regulations in the past. There are many papers about CESI, but few examine the relation between it and green innovation from the micro-firm perspective. Since firms green innovation (FGI) is a vital driver of the green transformation, the author examines whether and how the first round of CESI influenced the industrial FGI in this paper, based on Time-Varying Difference-in-differences (TDID) model and Mediation Effect model. The 2011-2019 panel data of industrial firms that are listed in A-share market is used, and it is selected from China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database. Besides, FGI is measured by the quantity of green patents, including green utility and invention patents. Unfortunately, the results of both descriptive and empirical analysis show that CESI neg-actively affected FGI partly because the financial condition of firms worsened due to CESI. Moreover, according to heterogeneity analysis, the policy effect is still weak on firms in underdeveloped cities. The author offers some suggestions for improving relevant policies based on these findings.

Do ESG ratings promote corporate green innovation? A quasi-natural experiment based on SynTao Green Finance's ESG ratings

Corporate efforts in green technology improvements are critical for enhancing sustainability; consequently, how to promote green innovation has attracted scholarly attention. This study explores whether and how environment, social, and governance (ESG) ratings influence corporate green innovation by using an independent third-party rating agency's (SynTao Green Finance) ESG ratings in China as a quasi-natural experiment. We find companies covered by the ESG rating agency significantly increase green innovation output by 3.9%, mainly as an increase in green invention patents. ESG ratings' positive effects on green innovation are more pronounced for firms whose investors are less short-sighted, non-state-owned enterprises and firms with higher degree of financial constraints. Additionally, we find ESG ratings' impact can also increase the green innovation quality and synergetic green innovation. Thus, ESG ratings from third-party institutions can effectively increase corporate green innovation, which has important implications for companies to achieve green transformation and for emerging markets to improve ESG rating systems.

Estimating the Performance of Entity Resolution Algorithms: Lessons Learned Through PatentsView.org

This article introduces a novel evaluation methodology for entity resolution algorithms. It is motivated by PatentsView.org, a public-use patent data exploration platform that disambiguates patent inventors using an entity resolution algorithm. We provide a data collection methodology and tailored performance estimators that account for sampling biases. Our approach is simple, practical, and principled—key characteristics that allow us to paint the first representative picture of PatentsView’s disambiguation performance. The results are used to inform PatentsView’s users of the reliability of the data and to allow the comparison of competing disambiguation algorithms.

Calculating regional innovation efficiency and factor allocation in China: the price signal perspective

ABSTRACT Based on the improved HK model, we use data on Chinese listed companies and incopat invention patents from 2015 to 2020 to estimate the monetary value of invention patents in terms of price signals. We also measure innovation efficiency and resource allocation at the regional level. The results indicate that the average value of each invention patent is 837 900 yuan, with an average value for each enterprise of 23.86 million yuan. Regionally, the eastern region has the highest innovation efficiency, which is 3 and 3.42 times that of the central and western region, respectively. Further, we calculate the results by province and industry and divide them into three types: seeking progress in stability, accelerating catch-up and structural adjustment according to the innovation characteristics, and put forward targeted development plans for different types of province and industry. Finally, we explore the factors influencing innovation efficiency and resource allocation of enterprises in different regions from the aspect of innovation policy and enterprise characteristics. We find that government subsidies can promote the innovation ability of inland enterprises, and enterprises with certain scale and long survival times may have stronger innovation ability.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Carbon Emissions from Cultivated Land Use

Is digitalization conducive to promoting carbon reduction in cultivated land use while empowering high-quality socio-economic development and intelligent territorial spatial planning? Derived from China’s provincial panel data from the period 2011 to 2019, in this paper, we employ a fixed-effect model to study the impact of the digital economy on carbon emissions from cultivated land use and apply an intermediary-effect model to estimate the impact that the structure of the digital economy has on carbon emissions from cultivated land use. The results indicate the following: (1) The expansion of the digital economy can significantly decrease the carbon emissions caused by cultivated land use. This conclusion is still valid after considering endogenous issues and conducting a series of robustness tests. (2) Green technical renovation has played a significant intermediary role in the effect the digital economy has on the amount of carbon emissions from cultivated land use. (3) Digital economy development has significantly promoted innovation in green technology by increasing the size of green invention patent applications and authorizations, thus effectively curbing carbon emissions from cultivated land use and achieving the carbon emission reduction effect of the digital economy. However, some suggestions are put forward, including speeding up the deep integration of digital technology and cultivated land use planning, strengthening the application of green technical renovation achievements in the agricultural field, and enhancing the government’s function in the institutional guarantee of the growth of the digital economy.

The Jurisprudence of Patentable and Non-patentable Inventions: Nigerian in Perspective

Patent is an industrial property right granted by the government of a state to a patentee. It is an intangible, incorporeal and exclusive right granted under the Law to an invention. While an invention is something that has never been made or existed before. Patents are granted to inventions, but not every invention qualify for grant of patent, hence there are patentable and non-patentable inventions. An invention is patentable if it is new, results from an inventive activity and is capable of industrial application (s.1(1) of the Patent and Designs Act 2004). Several textbooks, case laws, statutes(local and International), internet sources reveal that Nigerian legislation inadequately granted patent to inventions, wherein it did not grant patent to some inventions which International intellectual property regime stated patent should be granted. The Laws of developed countries like USA have wider protection of inventions than Laws of developing countries like Nigeria. Hence the Nigerian Law is narrow in the inventions that should be patentable as against the International Intellectual Property Regime.

The Impact of Intellectual Property Quality on Economic Development: Insights from Jiangsu Province

Aims: This paper gets rid of the limitation of patent quantity of intellectual property, strengthens people's protection on the quality of intellectual property, and makes people realize that intellectual property will eventually be transformed into productivity and have an impact on economic development.
 Study Design: The quality of intellectual property is measured through three dimensions: patent market (economic) quality, patent technology quality and patent law quality
 Methodology: Based on the essence of patent quality, this paper defines and divides the concept, evaluation system and research index of intellectual property quality, and analyzes the internal relationship and influence mechanism between intellectual property quality and economic development.
 Results: The quality of intellectual property is positively correlated with economic development.
 Conclusion: The research conclusion puts forward new requirements for the transformation efficiency of intellectual property in the technology market of Jiangsu Province. The ultimate destination of patent invention is to serve the society and promote productivity. It is not only necessary to pay attention to the protection of the "source" of intellectual property, but also to enhance the agglomeration effect of intellectual property in the "economic estuary". It is of great practical significance to realize both "quality" and "quantity" of intellectual property for strengthening the construction of intellectual property, perfecting intellectual property system and promoting economic development.

Evolutionary Analysis of Knowledge-Based Networks of the Electronic Information Industry from a Dual Innovation Perspective

It provides specific theoretical guidance to enhance the enterprise’s independent innovation capabilities by studying the knowledge utilization and the evolution of innovation under different innovation strategies and revealing the law of innovation path. Based on the data of invention patents of 579 electronic information enterprises from 2010 to 2019, this paper constructs a knowledge-based network based on social network analysis to study the evolution process of density, centrality, and structural holes of knowledge. The evolution analysis of 3360 knowledge-based networks shows that the electronic information industry’s overall knowledge integration capacity is in the middle and lower reaches. The widespread knowledge reliance in the electronic information industry is small, the industry is out of the ‘capacity traps’, and diversified development has gradually become a trend. At the same time, cross-domain knowledge reorganization is increasing. The results show that the overall knowledge reliance degree of enterprises applying an exploitative innovation strategy is deeper than that of enterprises applying an exploratory innovation strategy. The knowledge integration capabilities and cross-domain knowledge reorganization capabilities of enterprises applying exploratory innovation strategies are higher than those of enterprises applying exploitative innovation strategy.

From university basic research to firm innovation: diffusion mechanism and boundary conditions under a U-shaped relationship

The paradox between China's dazzling S&T output and the technological dilemma of enterprises challenges the positive effect of basic research on technological innovation, and extant research has not solved this problem. To bridge this theoretical gap, we integrated resource dependence theory and institutional theory, and matched the data of universities and governments at the provincial level and the data of enterprises at the micro level to clarify whether and how university basic research promotes firm innovation. We found that: (1) there is a U-shaped relationship between university basic research and firm innovation. (2) University-enterprise cooperation, S&T services and paper achievements played a mediating role, but invention patent achievements did not. (3) Neither the supporting nor the intervening hand of the government can moderate the U-shaped relationship. (4) Only when the enterprise has no political connection, is located in the eastern region, and is not in the provincial capital city or special economic zone, is the U-shaped relationship established. Furthermore, the functional mechanism and boundary conditions of the U-shaped relationship are further clarified through a robustness test of variable substitution and sample subdivision.

Artificial intelligence and patents in Brazil: Overview on patentability and comparative study on patent filings

Innovations related to artificial intelligence (AI) can impact many technological fields and gather attention of several sectors from industry. Brazil is a developing country with a large territory and consumer market, attracting investment from foreign companies, including AI technologies. In the present work, we carry out a review of the Brazilian IP Law, Guidelines and Resolutions regarding patentability of AI inventions in Brazil, and also perform comparative analyses with the guidelines from the EPO and USPTO. Then, patent searches are carried out to analyze filing indicators of patent applications for AI inventions, wherein it is possible to verify that most of the filing applicants in Brazil are foreign companies, mainly from the US. Brazilian entities, which rank second overall in filing for patent applications in Brazil, do not even appear among the main applicants for AI inventions. We conclude that Brazil is not a competitive country in the production of patents related to AI, and it is important for Brazil to establish some degree of legal certainty regarding patent protection for AI inventions and disseminate knowledge about protecting such inventions by patents, so that inventors opt to disclose their AI inventions instead of keeping them as a trade secret. Therefore, more and more sectors of society might benefit from innovations arising from AI.