Invention Of The Steam Engine Research Articles

The use of AI in physical therapy

Following the invention of the steam engine, human social and economic systems saw unprecedented growth and development. More recently, artificially intelligent machines have emerged, enabling human cognitive capacity to recognize previously hidden patterns within massive data sets. These changes are having an impact on every facet of society, including but not limited to our legal, moral, educational, health, and social systems. In comparison to the steam engine-driven mechanical revolution, these changes may have a greater lasting effect on human progress. Physicians will soon have to deal with massive information networks, which will necessitate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in patient care. This paper aims to describe the potential impacts and range of applications of AI-based technologies on the field of physiotherapy, as well as the resulting changes that physiotherapy education will need to undergo in order to produce graduates qualified to work in a 21st-century healthcare system.

From Human Labor to Electric Vehicles: The Evolution of Engines

Engines have come a long way since humans first used their own labour and muscle power to perform mechanical work. This research paper traces the remarkable journey of engine evolution, highlighting key milestones in the transition from human and animal labour to waterwheels, windmills, internal combustion engines, and ultimately, electric vehicles (EVs). The paper examines the drawbacks of each engine type, from the limitations of human and animal power to the geographical constraints of waterwheels and windmills. It then delves into the invention of the steam engine, a pivotal moment in the Industrial Revolution, which freed machines from the need for proximity to water or wind sources. The paper provides a detailed explanation of how steam engines work, emphasizing their historical significance and continued relevance, particularly in electricity generation and even nuclear submarines. However, it also acknowledges the limitations and safety concerns associated with steam engines. Transitioning to the present, the paper introduces the concept of internal combustion engines, both gasoline and diesel-powered, highlighting their efficiency and the pros and cons of each type. The importance of fuel efficiency is emphasized, as fossil fuels are finite resources. The paper concludes by examining the latest generation of engines – electric motors, particularly in EVs. It discusses the various types of batteries used in EVs, such as Lithium-ion, Nickel-Metal Hydride, and Lead-Acid batteries, highlighting their characteristics and environmental impact. In summary, this research paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of engines over time, from the simplest human-powered machinesto the cutting-edge technology of electric vehicles. It underscores the importance of technological advancements in addressing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in the automotive industry. This research paper will explore the following key questions: ● What are the key milestones in the evolution of engines? ● What are the challenges and opportunities associated with the transition to electric mobility? ● What are the implications of this shift for the future of transportation?

Evolution of Production Spaces: A Historical Review for Projecting Smart Factories

Factories are transforming not only mechanically and technologically but also architecturally due to emerging developments in the industry and fabrication: This new process, called the Second Machine Age or Industry 4.0, a new model is designed in production by providing the human-machine partnership over a virtual network. It is aimed that the machines used in production and the people participating in different stages of production can work in different spaces. In time, jobs that require human power will be replaced by robots, and a new order is being considered where there will be no people in production spaces, and they can work in the virtual environment. Production for human beings is mostly from material production to digital production; labour will turn into digital labour. For this reason, it is thought that production spaces will turn into smart factories with only machines and production robots and no workers. And now the question is: what is a smart factory? The revolutions in the industry history started with the invention of the steam engine; then, new technological revolutions were experienced with the use of electricity in production, the development of automation systems and internet-based systems. While technology and production tools are constantly changing, these developments also affect production spaces. Factories are also transforming to keep up with these rapid and continuous physical and fictional innovations. This study focuses on the architectural evolution of factories by following the technological revolutions of the industry. It examines the main criteria in the process of change and transformation of factories and spatial reflections of the revolutions. It establishes a relationship between production technology and the needs of the production spaces and seeks references from past samples. The study aims to review the historical background for generating a projection to new production spaces and to be a new discussion for future factories.

Profesyonel Eğitimin Tarihsel Gelişim Sürecinin İncelenmesi

Abstract In this study, the history of professional education is examined from the perspective of the social development process. With its broad meaning, education provides the acquisition of the knowledge, skills and habits necessary for an individual to adapt to himself, his immediate environment and society in the first place. It is a fact that this gain is naturally directly proportional to the mental, social, physical capacity that a person has. At the core of education is the acquisition of knowledge and skills. For this reason, education is as old as human history. Although the methods used, tools and equipment have changed, education has always been in question from the first man to the present day. In this context, the developments that people have experienced in the historical process are continuous, although they are not systematic. Human beings have always been in a state of development from the earliest ages to the present day, in an effort to reach forward, new and different. In primitive societies, people tended to meet their basic physiological needs. With the beginning of tillage of the soil, agricultural society developed with the transition to the soil in primitive living conditions. In this period, the human model that cultivates the soil and does business has been seen. The industrial society was formed as a result of the increase in agricultural production and the problem of their transportation. The invention of the steam engine was the beginning of the industrial revolution. Previously, jobs based on human physical strength had undergone significant changes. A third factor, the machine, has come Decoupled between man and work. With the increase of globalization and the developments in communication and information processing technologies, the world has started to change at an untraceable pace. This situation has brought societies from the stage of industrial society to the stage of information society. This change has also changed the understanding of management. While the values of the industrial society are losing their importance, the concepts and techniques of management based on the information age have emerged. One of the most important phenomena brought about by the information society is that the interest in people has gradually increased. Key Words: Professional Education, Primitive Societies, Agricultural Society, Industrial Society, Information Society

A Study of the New Role of Blockchain in the Indian Education System

Blockchain is the foundational technology that allows cryptocurrencies like bitcoin to exist. Blockchain technology has been used in numerous domains such as banking, justice, and commerce as part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of the steam engine, electricity, and computer technology. People's willingness to adopt technology has been influenced by rapid technological improvement. The traditional education system in developing nations has lately been improved through the implementation of distributed ledger technology. Disruptive technology in education is a key prerequisite for better accountability and exposure. The authors investigated the key factors influencing educational institutions' (knowledge providers) and learners' (knowledge recipients) intentions to use blockchain technology.

The Controversy with Immanuel Wallerstein: the Industrial Revolution and Globalization as the Great Turning Points of Modern Times

Wallerstein states that the only social revolution, or the «great turning point» of Modern Times, is the formation of the European capitalist world–economy during the «long» XVI century. Contrary to this, the author argues that two more great fractures can be distinguished in the history of Modern Times. The first of them was the industrial revolution of the XIX century, when three processes coincided, pro­voked by the invention of the steam engine – the mechanization of factory production, the energy rev­olution and the change of logistics. The emergence of globalization required a combination of several circumstances that developed into a single complex at the end of the twentieth century: the absorption of the remaining large external zones by the capitalist world system, the information and communication revolution, the establishment of geopolitical unipolarism, the dominance of the ideology of neoliberal globalism on a global scale.

Agile digitalization evolution in the energy sector taking into account innovative and disruptive technologies

The development of technology and science is decisive in the development of social welfare. We are experiencing the fourth revolution in technological development –after the invention of the steam engine; electricity and process automation; and then computer / IT technology – characterized by an interconnected information network. This revolution will affect all related industries, including the energy sector. New solutions, sensors, devices are available, but the main issue is the use of these devices. So-called smart grid technologies have many advantages, but they also present challenges, whether technologically, economically or sociologically and socially [1]. The answers to these challenges are often not traditional, but creative solutions can mean a breakthrough, changing and accelerating the current progress trends. Such solutions and methods can change and advance all segments and areas, from energy to medicine to the beauty industry. The digital transformation and its implications will significantly change the support for the basic functions of energy distribution. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to solve any task or complete a simple work phase without a computer or IT tool, location data, work schedule description, parameters, and so on. Long-term operation and design, proper architecture and design framework are crucial for efficient operation. Enterprise architecture management within large companies usually involves a very complex range of activities [2]: business, IT and organizational information infrastructure. The role of enterprise architecture is becoming increasingly important for developing and growing companies [3]. In our article, we show how recent decades have helped improve the efficiency of network management and how digitalization is becoming an indispensable player in a sustainable, renewablebased vision.

On the persistence of shocks to global CO2 emissions: a historical data perspective (0 to 2014).

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are the most important greenhouse gas. However, until now, no research has investigated the persistence of global CO2 emissions over a very long period of time. This work aims to fill this gap by examining the persistence of shocks to global CO2 emissions with a dataset of more than 2000years. To this end, the study applies a battery of unit root tests by considering sharp and smooth structural shifts as well as the frequency domain properties of the series. Lee-Strazicich method results reveal that sharp break dates relate to the influenza pandemic of 1557 and the invention of the steam engine in 1712, and these historical events led to changes in the trend function of CO2 emissions. The findings of the Fourier Lagrange Multiplier and Fourier wavelet unit root tests illustrate that global CO2 emissions contain a unit root and do not exhibit mean-reverting behavior, thus external shocks have permanent effects on CO2 emissions. The results suggest that a reduction in global CO2 emissions is possible if effective environmental and energy policies established in international meetings such as Rio Conference, Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit are properly implemented.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH

The Industrial Age, which humanity entered long ago with the invention of the steam engine, resulted in the introduction of primitive mechanization into the manufacturing process. Electronics, nanotechnology, advances in medicine, health, and digital applications, among other things, are accelerating the study of mechatronics today, thanks to the development of the internet and mobile technologies. Robotics and artificial intelligence occupied a prominent position on the agenda of the last World Economic Forum, and economists such as Roubini and Stiglitz participated in the discussion of how robotics and artificial intelligence will impact the economy and business. However, even though Stephen Hawking has expressed concern about the risks involved in this regard, we are witnessing tremendous news and articles in business pages daily regarding these topics, and corporate life and professionals are no longer able to resist these changes. The changing nature of business terms and work forces, as well as the way businesses are conducted in the age of new technologies, will have significant implications for daily business life, as well as for the economies of individual countries and the global economy. The advancements in Artificial Intelligence will have a significant impact on many items and headlines in business and economics such as the jobless ratio, the Philips Curve, performance management, Analytics customer relationship management, sales and strategic planning mass production, Purchasing Power Parity (gross domestic product, inflation, money, Central Banks banking system, coaching training, accounting taxes, and many other items and headlines. One simple example can help to illustrate the magnitude of these ramifications: Would you recommend that the company maintain provisions for severance pay for its employees or that we calculate a reserve for depreciation / amortization for its robots? Would you recommend that we keep the term human resources in the title of the company's balance sheet, or would you recommend that we remove it entirely the purpose of this conceptual and hypothetical paper is to address and discuss the future of robots, mechatronics, and artificial intelligence from a variety of viewpoints and perspectives.

Blockchain and its Application

In this research investigation into Blockchain Technology, its current use and other possible implementation of this protocol are explored. Blockchain offers opportunities for developing advanced digital services. While current research on this becoming the most important issue which must be well addressed. As part of the fourth industrial revolution since the invention of the steam engine, electricity, information technology, Blockchain Technology has been applied in many areas such as finance, judiciary, and commerce. In this current paper, we focused on its potential Voting Application and explore how Blockchain Technology can be used to solve Health Care Issues, Land Registry, Any Financial Sector, etc. Some innovative applications of using blockchain technology for different sectors we also discussed.

NDE Perception and Emerging Reality: NDE 4.0 Value Extraction

The industrial revolution is divided into three phases by historians: The invention of the steam engine (mechanization), electricity (mass production) and the microelectric revolution (automation). There was a similar development in non-destructive evaluation: tools such as lenses or stethoscopes allowed the human senses to be sharpened, the conversion of waves makes the invisible visible and thus offers a "look" into the components and finally automation, digitization and reconstruction. During the entire industrial development NDE was decisively responsible for the quality and thus for the success of the manufactured goods. Industry is now talking about a fourth revolution: The informatization, digitization and networking of industrial production. As always, NDE will be critical to the success of this fourth revolution by providing the database needed for feedback in a networked production environment. For NDE, this will lead to change. The test results must be made available to a networked production environment in such a way that they can be evaluated for feedback loops, the testability must be considered in the design and the reliability of the test statements will become increasingly important. This publication presents first an orientation to NDE 4.0, including the development of Industry and NDE, a definition of its revolutions, a collection of several current-day challenges of NDE, and a discussion whether and how those can be solved with NDE 4.0. Second this publication presents concepts on how NDE can be integrated into Industry 4.0 landscapes: The Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) shows the complete Industry 4.0 space and allows every Industry 4.0 standard and interface to be located. The Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell (AAS) implements the digital twin and is the interface between Industry 4.0 communication and the physical device. The ...

Photographocene: The past, present and future in the photography of the environment

Photography has an important place in picturing and documenting environmental changes, especially when they occur in distant areas, or are inaccessible from ground level and/or imperceptible to the naked eye due to their scale. As the invention of photographic technology was officially registered only 55 years after the invention of the steam engine (which is commonly taken as the starting point of the Anthropocene era), most subsequent transformations of the environment have been well documented. One needs to distinguish the time of human changes to the environment, the Anthropocene, from images of the era this term names, which are the way humans learn of their own environmental deeds. Such images may be dependent, yet they are also distinct insofar as they influence the perception as well as the production of the Anthropocene itself, framed by limits of the static, fractioned, subjectivized and perspectival medium of photography. In this vein, the article risks proposing yet another in a long series of neologisms that aim to define the unstable or extreme times we live in: the Photographocene. The Photographocene marks various phases of the human relationship to the environment in which photographs have documented, directly communicated and announced impending environmental processes directly caused by human actions. Yet, this is also an era marked by photographic images of the environment that report but also pollute our relationship to the environment by forming an alternate reality. Thus, this concept enables one to articulate the role that images have in our understanding of the past–present–future human impact on the environment.

There is more to education than the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0: A focus on literacy expectations

2020 will bring changing times in education in Australia especially in relation to literacy curriculum policy and procedures. On-going teacher reviews both pre-service and graduate teachers; curriculum reviews especially in relation to the false binary of Synthetic and Analytical phonics and the reconsideration of NAPLAN and PISA following the release of the results of 2018 will be influential in educational policy makers considerations in 2020. In the current education climate, there is an obsession with the so-called Industrial Revolution 4.0. The driving force for change is dominated by market force perspectives of the future needs for industry workforce skills. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 documented in the current literature commenced in the 18th century with the first Industrial Revolution identified as the invention of the steam engine. In relation to educational change, it is important to reflect on two significant issues. First, there is more to education that the provision of workers skilled to meet industry needs. Only examining industrial workforce needs does not cover the total workplace of society. Secondly, education constantly evolves and adapts to factors affecting student learning. This paper explores some of the key issues related to the place of education within the context labelled as the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in 2020.

A safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply to power the future

Today, three phenomena are developing into critical global problems, requiring urgent attention from leaders all over the world. The first of these is the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to the escalated use of coal, resulting in the gradual increase of the Earth’s average temperature. The second is the continually diminishing fossil fuel resources, e.g. oil and natural gas, which are the primary sources of energy for vital services like transportation and domestic heating. The third is the unforeseen and rapid “world population boom” since the beginning of the 19th century after the invention of the steam engine by JamesWatt. The combination of these three factors signal imminent danger. With the increase of the world population, there is a subsequent rise in the usage of both electrical and non-electrical types of energy. At the same time, not only are the sources of these energy forms, i.e. the fossil fuels, depleting because they are non-renewable but their usage is also severely detrimental to the environment. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and switch to renewable or even nuclear resources as alternatives, in order to prevent an impending climate disaster. Hence, taking the aforementioned problems into account, a method is proposed in this paper to create a safe, reliable and regenerative electrical energy supply system using renewable wind and solar energy as well as hydrogen storages.

UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL COMMUNITY 4.0 PLATFORM TO SUPPORT THE SOCIALIZATION OF NATURAL DISASTER MITIGATION BASED ON COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES

As we know, global industry has experienced three revolutions. It began with the invention of the steam engine in the 1800s which encouraged mechanization in industry where human and animal power were replaced by engines. The second industrial revolution was marked by the invention of the power plant and combustion chamber. And the third industrial revolution occurred with the advent of digital technology and the internet. The fourth phase of the industrial revolution utilizes the digitalization and use of the internet that took place in the phase of the third revolution. The method of implementing activities in the form of knowledge transfer or capacity building of those who play a role in building an understanding of the industrial community 4.0 to be more monitored and measurable in optimizing sustainable dissemination, becomes important for further implementation. through the development of a Knowledge Management System (KMS) to support the dissemination and internalization of understanding of the community-based industrial revolution, including the development of dissemination and measurement of its performance. An example of the substance used in the development of this knowledge management system is natural disaster mitigation

Queer Love, Gender Bending Bacteria, and Life after the Anthropocene

The timeline of the Anthropocene – a geological epoch that Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer say began in the late 18th century with the invention of the steam engine – seems like a brief and inconsequential blip, against the time scales embodied by the microbial communities. Wolbachia bacteria predate Anthropos by some 150 million years, and will likely outlast us. Wolbachia bacteria are worthy of their own geological epoch because they offer a fresh vantage point on one of the most pressing ethical questions of our time: ‘How should we love in a time of extinction?’ Narratives about the Wolbachiacene have the potential to disrupt the overwhelming stories of tragedy orbiting around Anthropos, with disquieting and generative accounts of interspecies romance. Wolbachia often perform queer tricks inside their invertebrate hosts. In some host species these bacteria induce parthenogenesis – completely eliminating males from the population. Wolbachia can also transform genetic males into reproductively viable females.

Lipsey's Quest for the Micro-Foundations of General Purpose Technologies: The General Purpose Engine

The powerful General Purpose Technology (GPT)-concept of the late 1990s is a culmination of evolutionary views in innovation-thinking. The scholarly contributions focusing on the (macro)-economical aspects being numerous, the technological aspects of the GPT-concept seem underdeveloped. Richard Lipsey observed that, although the effects of GPTs were investigated extensively, they missed contributions to the GPT’s micro-foundations. This paper uses the Schumpeterian concept of 'swarms of innovations' and the concept of basic innovation, to create insight in the technological micro-foundation of a GPT. Three case studies are presented: 'The invention of the Steam Engine,' 'The invention of the Electromotive Engine' and 'The invention of Electric Light.' For the GPT-Steam and the GPT-Electricity we found that it is the 'General Purpose Engine' that makes the GPT showings its characteristics of persaviness, improvement and spawning. These general purpose engines create the micro-foundations of the GPT-concept that Richard Lipsey was looking for.

Accidents in Engineering and Socio-technical Systems: The Science and Recent Advances

Since the invention of the steam engine, many engineering innovations have propelled the human civilization forward and the society has changed dramatically. At the same time, accidents of various kinds (e.g. car, rail, aircraft, ships, industrial, etc.) have never stopped taking place. Hence, for any engineering and socio-technical system, safety has become one of the most important concerns in modern society. In order to understand the science of accidents, some notable accident theories and models were reviewed in this paper and their relative merits and demerits were discussed as well. The study finds that accident models and theories are diversified and different from each other. Therefore, the science behind accident cannot be unified into a single discipline. Also, changes in human civilization over the years have given birth to new modes of accidents (such as automobile, aircraft, spacecraft and etc.). This study, thus, searches the unified science of accidents and therefore, discusses the newly developed accident analysis technique called the Logic Programming Technique (LPT). It is expected that this new domain of safety engineering may contribute to achieving safety in the future automobile industry.

Application of the Fog computing paradigm to Smart Factories and cyber‐physical systems

AbstractSince the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century, innovation drove the development of industrial processes. The next industrial revolution will form an ecosystem of over 20 billion connected devices with unforeseeable influence to the gross domestic product by 2020, and connected assets will generate about 44ZB of data, which pose interesting challenges related to privacy, connectivity, scalability, and others. A current line of action that leads to this direction is the development of cyber‐physical systems; considered as the coupling of physical processes and the digital world, its influence in the next industrial revolution is essential. In this work, we discuss its implementation, taking the Fog computing paradigm into consideration. As a starting point, we are extending a standard‐compliant machine‐to‐machine communication architecture to support container‐based orchestration mechanisms to enable cyber‐physical systems to be programmable, autonomous, and to communicate peer‐to‐peer. As the primary field of application, we are considering Industrial Internet domains in general and Smart Factory environments in particular. In this paper, we present an architecture for Fog Nodes, as well a more in‐depth discussion on the orchestration system and programmable characteristics of the Fog Node. On the basis of a simulation model, we show the advantages of having a programmable Fog Node supported by an orchestration system. Finally, we open a discussion about our solution and its application in the field of Smart Factories.

How Did the General Purpose Technology Electricityy Contribute to the Second Industrial Revolution (I): The Power Engines

The concept of the General Purpose Technology (GPT) of the late 1990s is a culmination of many evolutionairy views in innovation-thinking. By definition the GPT considers the technical, social, and economic effects of meta-technologies like steam-technology and electric technology. This paper uses Schumpeter’s concept of ’cluster on innovations’ to create insight in the nature of these GPT’s. Three case studies are presented: ’The invention of the Steam Engine’, ’The invention of the Electromotive Engine’ and ’The invention of Electric Light’. For the GPT-Steam and the GPT-Electricity, the power technologies, we found that these inventions— better ’clusters of innovations’— were the core elements in the technical contributions to both Industrial Revolutions. It were the innovations in applications of electricity—like in electric light and electric appliances— that made ’electricity’contribute so greatlly to the Second Industrial Revolution.